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Nanoscale 3D Printer Now Commercially Available

kkleiner writes "Now the field of 3D printing has advanced so far that a company called Nanoscribe is offering one of the first commercially available 3D printers for the nanoscale. Nanoscribe's machine can produce tiny 3D printed objects that are only the width of a single human hair. Amazingly this includes 3D printed objects such as spaceships, micro needles, or even the empire state building."

34 of 127 comments (clear)

  1. Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by John+Hasler · · Score: 4, Insightful

    n/t

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    1. Re:Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by ThePeices · · Score: 2, Insightful

      so 30nm resolution is not nano scale enough for you?

    2. Re:Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by John+Hasler · · Score: 5, Informative

      > so 30nm resolution is not nano scale enough for you?

      That's 3% at one micron: barely adequate for devices with minimum dimensions of one micron and up. For nanoscale devices you need one nanometer or better.

      Look at the examples. They're all dimensioned in the tens to hundreds of microns.

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    3. Re:Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by Vitriol+Angst · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I get your point, but I think you and Slashdot have to come to terms with the fact that "nano" is now buzz-word compliant. It's like how "Sanitation Engineer" started making everyone an engineer.

      "Nano" actually now means "small" to the press. I'm sorry it isn't technically correct, but you are going to have to get used to it.

      Now, I've got some bad news to tell you about "quantum" as well...

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    4. Re:Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by hairyfish · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "Nano" actually now means "small" to the press. I'm sorry it isn't technically correct, but you are going to have to get used to it.

      No we're not. I can accept this interpretation in the local rag, but Slashdot's target audience is smart people (apparently). We should be sticking to technically accurate terminology at all times.

    5. Re:Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      "Nano" is considered sub 100 nm in any one spatial dimension, as defined by government funding agencies.

      If that happens to mean anything to you :D

    6. Re:Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by dissy · · Score: 5, Informative

      It's a bit of a long read, but (IMHO) one of the best sources on the matter is Engines of Creation by Eric Drexler.

      He describes the very concept of nanotechnology, defines it as well as much philosophy around it, with plenty of examples of thing that can be done once manufacturing on this scale is achieved.

      Such machines do technically already exist, such as the ribosome. Once a similar machine is created that is under complete human control pragmatically, it will be a world altering event.

      If you think of the process of a cell performing its work, dividing, assembling its programmed structure, and eventually creating something on the macro scale like a whale or elephant - then you are thinking on the right scale.

      The 3D printer referenced in the article is not yet able to produce structures at this scale, let alone functional machines at this scale.
      At best it might be one step on the path towards true nanotechnology, as smaller tools build smaller tools and so on.

      Some additional material on the subject that found recently was on youtube under productive nanosystems
      While this is purely an artists rendering, one video I happened upon that really brings home the scale factor is their nano-factory video.

      This is what most people are referring to when using the term nanotechnology.

    7. Re:Amazing technology but micro, not nano. by almitydave · · Score: 2

      Well, I don't much of substance to add to this conversation, so I'll be pedantic instead. The possessive "dropout's" is actually correct in this case, since he's talking about comments belonging to a hypothetical dropout. And the subject "you" is correct because he's requesting others take a specified action, the reason for which is to improve his own experience while reading the comments.

      Personally, I think Slashdot's mod system is about as good as you're going to get on an anonymous internet forum. Good posts tend to get modded up, bad posts tend to get modded down. We need the -1 for posts that are actually worse than simply mediocre (or just haven't attracted interest). I browse at -1 to see everything, and can filter out the stupidity myself when I feel like it.

      I like that Slashdot's readership has a much higher-than-average technical knowledge (expected due to the nature of the site), but I don't find the civility to be better than the rest of the internet when corrected for what I assume is a higher age and hopefully maturity.

      Regarding the meaning of "nanoscale", I'm not aware of an accepted IEEE defition, or anything similar. Various opinions of its definition range from:
      Google: "Of a size measurable in nanometers or microns."
      American Heritage Science Dictionary: "Relating to or occurring on a scale of nanometers."
      PC Magazine: "At nanometer size. Any device only a few nanometers in size is nanoscale. Nanotechnology is said to comprise elements less than 100 nanometers in size (100 nm)."
      Wikipedia gets a little more specific, but claims 1-100 nanometers as one criterion.

      The resolution of this printer, at 30nm, seems to satisfy the letter of these definitions, so I'd say it's correct enough to say it's a "nanoscale printer." It's technically correct, which is the best kind of correct.

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  2. Just what I wanted by Osgeld · · Score: 2, Funny

    Nano Trinkets

    Save space on your shelf for more useless plastic models, combine two buzzwords at once, join the future today with nanomakerbot 2.0!

    1. Re:Just what I wanted by TheLink · · Score: 4, Funny

      It's nothing to sneeze at.

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    2. Re:Just what I wanted by TheLink · · Score: 2

      Nano Trinkets

      You can make money selling trinkets. So if it can create something in the centimeter scale with nanometer details in a short space of time (hours or even minutes) then it might be interesting for making custom jewellery. That's assuming you can do iridescent colours: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_coloration

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    3. Re:Just what I wanted by tibit · · Score: 2

      There'll be a glowing white apple logo in your ear. Just large enough and bright enough to be noticed :)

      --
      A successful API design takes a mixture of software design and pedagogy.
  3. Perfect! by roman_mir · · Score: 2, Funny

    It's perfect for those moments, when somebody starts complaining about stuff that you may not care about at all, because you can print the world's smallest violin and you can print the worlds smallest hands to play the smallest violin as well!

  4. Getting Closer by Master+Moose · · Score: 2

    Oh we are getting closer to being able to cheaply print vinyl records!

    My deam of custom 45s in a classic home jukebox inches closer and closer.

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    . . .gone when the morning comes
    1. Re:Getting Closer by viperidaenz · · Score: 2

      You can already buy a vinyl recorder. Why print something that was designed to be cut?

    2. Re:Getting Closer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      But there's no trial and error with 3D printing.... Sigh.... No no, it's just like Star Trek, right?

  5. A nanoscale printer sound really awesome by OhANameWhatName · · Score: 5, Funny

    But I'm certain I'd lose it.

  6. Re:A buggy proposition. by Immerman · · Score: 2

    Well, we've got a long way to go between printed nanoscale tchotchke and something functional, but yeah, it does seem like a big step in that direction. I've seen some rather sophisticated fully functional planetary gear assemblies and such printed all at once on a makerbot, and while it took a lot of trimming to get it working properly I suspect such a thing would be far easier and cleaner to do in a precision instrument like this, especially since (I believe) the polymerization process used means that the printed structure is basically suspended in a neutral buoyancy tank during the process, allowing for far less supporting structure that will need to be removed afterwards. And once we can print a fully articulated micro-scale robot, well then all we'll need is the ability to add motors, sensors, batteries, and a CPU...

    Hmm, okay, so still maybe a ways off. Still, researchers have managed to harness bacteria for propulsion, and a syrup reservoir would make a good nanoscale fuel tank for those. Sensors could be a bit of a challenge, or maybe not - I don't know the state of the art on that front, but for a CPU a nervous-net based architecture could potentially manage quite sophisticated behavior using only a handful of transistors and very primitive sensors, even if we would have to control it more like a remote control cockroach/rat/etc. than a deterministic robot.

    Interesting times...

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  7. This could be a boon to semiconductors and MEMS by asm2750 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Right now it can take weeks to make complete microchip with the current fabrication methods. The fabrication size of this printer isn't that great however since most of what is seen in the TFA looks to be around 100 nanometers compared to the 28 nanometers a modern fab can make. However, it would be great to have for rapid prototypes of processors or be used to make devices that fabricate well at large sizes like flash memory.

    This printer would work extremely well for MEMS devices since the complex structures such sensors can now just be printed rather than deposited and etched over and over again in a microchip fab.

    1. Re:This could be a boon to semiconductors and MEMS by asm2750 · · Score: 2

      AC one of my areas of focus in my MSEE degree program was semiconductors and their fabrication. Yes it can take weeks for a microchip to be grown, etched, deposited, cut and packaged (typically around 3 weeks or more depending on how complex the node size and chip is). Also the machines used for exposing the design pattern to the wafer has to be dead on otherwise the chips made on the wafer will not work. A rapid prototyper such as this printer for chips would still need to be in a fab like environment turbo molecular pumps, and all.

      Also, I didn't say anything about putting a device such as this in a normal household that would be costly, and a waste of money (it would be pretty cool however if it worked well).

    2. Re:This could be a boon to semiconductors and MEMS by stenvar · · Score: 2

      Nonsense. E-beam and ion beam lithography are already standard. They're a lot easier to control and use than mask-based lithography and work in a normal lab. They just are no good for mass production, and they are expensive because there isn't a lot of demand for them.

    3. Re:This could be a boon to semiconductors and MEMS by MattskEE · · Score: 2

      This printer would work extremely well for MEMS devices since the complex structures such sensors can now just be printed rather than deposited and etched over and over again in a microchip fab.

      I'm not sure how printing MEMs devices serially is going to be faster than parallel mass production on 12" or 18" silicon wafers. Printing them is analogous to laboriously machining a part in a CNC mill compared to stamping in a forge. Photolithography and etching are pretty fast processes. Well, etching can be slow but it can be done very well in parallel to multiple large wafers at once so per-device it's fast. Doing the printing as a prototype for a standard MEMs process production run won't work well since the material properties would be different.

      And you still need to connect your MEMs devices to a circuit, so now you have to do a tricky hybrid integration process to pick up your tiny polymer MEMs devices and connect them to a chip and package your now non-planar device. Plus you need to be able to selectively metallize some of your surface for many MEMs applications - not sure how you do that given that stereolithography "printing" works on photohardening polymers not metals.

      Right now it can take weeks to make complete microchip with the current fabrication methods. The fabrication size of this printer isn't that great however since most of what is seen in the TFA looks to be around 100 nanometers compared to the 28 nanometers a modern fab can make. However, it would be great to have for rapid prototypes of processors or be used to make devices that fabricate well at large sizes like flash memory.

      It's a big leap going from hardening a polymer to printing full complex semiconductor circuits with dielectrics and metal interconnect. Unless you're just thinking of using this stereolithography process to replace the standard mask-based planar photolithography in the foundry, which might be a valid point if the stereolithography is faster or cheaper than electron-beam lithography or ordering a mask of the dimensions that this machine is actually capable of. Right now e-beam lithography can do this but it's slow and expensive.

      For something like this to be applied to semiconductor processing another thought would be construction of stamps for nano-imprint lithography. Printing them might be cheaper or faster than the standard techniques of e-beam or optical lithography and etching at least for short runs.

    4. Re:This could be a boon to semiconductors and MEMS by SoulNibbler · · Score: 2

      Sorry, I went all internet tough guy back there...
      I should clarify what I meant.
      1st: E-beam lithography as I know it; with an E-beam resist is pretty much the creme of the crop if you want ultra high resolution. It is also a very old technique IE they were looking at it to replace photo-lithography as far back as the '80s but there are difficulties with making a bright electron beam to do the lithography in a parallel manner. Therefore its been used serially with a beam rastering the resist to make the desired patterns. With this techniques you can make very small features.

      2nd: I am un-aware (doesn't mean it doesn't exist, just that its outside of my research area) of any analogous ion beam processes; in that we are talking about using a polymer resist activated by an ion beam. There are however very interesting nano patterning methods that use implanted ions either in a sacrificial layer or in the substrate itself, followed by selective etching that could arguably be thought of as ion-beam lithography.

      3rd: Focused Ion Beams (FIB) is a rather mature technique for circuit repair and editing because it acts as both and additive and a subtractive process. With the FIB we can make deep holes using gas assisted etching, and then deposit with gas deposition both conductors and insulators. The real advantage of this technique is that we can see what we are doing!! Imaging can be done either with the ion beam or a separate electron beam allowing us to see the structures we are working on with the same or better resolution than we can write or etch with. Normally however FIBs use Gallium (Ga) ions as they are a convenient ion source (the melting point is low and the vapor pressure is also low) these ions are rather heavy and cause damage to the substrate (this can be mitigated through careful selection of the beam energy and angle), Ga also acts as a dopant in silicon.

      4th: There was a company that tried to deal with the serial nature of focused ion beam milling. This company developed a 1024 beam array where each beam could be individually steered or turned on or off using a selector plate made with standard Si manufacturing techniques. This device used Argon (Ar) ions to avoid doping. Sadly it seems this company has stopped developing this device. They might be entering with a similar setup for electron beams in the future. My understanding is that the ion beam device worked best for gas-assisted processes where the deposition or etching gas is activated by secondary electrons freed when the ion hits the target. Seeing as an electron beam also free secondary electrons I think they changed directions to an electron only technique but these are only rumors I've heard around work.

      Both Ion beam and electron beam techniques are more difficult than they appear as the yield (either sputtering or secondary electron) is dependent upon the incidence angle between the beam and the surface. It therefore becomes much more difficult to predict the interactions once the surface is no longer planar.

      My comment about the 30nm not being all that sexy was with respect to TFA, I saw this on FEI's facebook page a couple of weeks ago and thought the same thing. Yes its neat that they can make shapes at this size with good control (heaven knows we can't do it yet with electron deposition or fib deposition [we can make cute test cases but we are far from arbitrary shapes even though we can do overhangs already]), but for me the real limitation is that they seem quite limited with respect to the materials that they can make things out of. I'm sure this is a great thing and we will see some neat tricks in the future with people either using these printed structures at templates for some nano imprint lithography, or as high tech resist with some neat deposition into the voids. My real problem with TFA is that they are using polymers and I don't like polymers.

      So anyway, yes we can make feature sizes less than 30nm with both electron beams and ion beams; however we are still a long way away from being able

  8. Re:Not molecular printing unfortunately by c0lo · · Score: 2

    With the mention of the word 'nano', I was hoping for an advance in molecular/atomic printing. I'd love the ability to mass produce objects (even just cubes) of various materials.

    Careful with those - De Beers might strongly object to mass producing cubic structures from carbon atoms.

    --
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  9. Re:Not molecular printing unfortunately by viperidaenz · · Score: 2

    I dare say the value of such objects will sharply decline if their production becomes cheap.

  10. Re:"The Empire State Building" by gman003 · · Score: 2

    Well, they never specified which unit the nano- was prefixed to.

    A nanoparsec would be about 30,000km, a nanolightyear around 10,000km, and a nano-AU would be around 150m. By any of those, the ESB would be "nano-scale" (or below).

  11. Could this thing (reasonably) print a mechanical by postofreason · · Score: 2

    Could this thing (reasonably) print a mechanical computer a la Babbage? Not a joke question. Would it be possible to power it? Could frictional problem be (reasonably easily) addressed?

  12. The real point by Grayhand · · Score: 2

    This isn't about printing nano scale action figures it's about making nano scale prototype parts. It may not be true nano scale printing as some point out but it's close and still printing on a scale which would require extremely expensive hardware. A few years ago there was no such things as 3D printing and now they are printing at several thousandth scale. How long until they are printing based on individual atoms?

  13. Okay, that's great. Now scale it. by mark-t · · Score: 2

    Because the biggest problem with existing 3d printers, IMO, was lack of precision. Combine this precision with large-scale 3d printing, and you'll be able to print up extremely precise components whose measurements matter almost to the micron.

  14. Re:Not molecular printing unfortunately by Opportunist · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Price may, value depends on usefulness.

    Not everything that has a high value has a price tag attached to it. No matter what our market tries to blind you with.

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  15. Re:Okay, that's great. Now scale it. by Opportunist · · Score: 4, Insightful

    You're barking up the wrong tree. Getting to this precision isn't the problem with "normal scale" prototyping. That could be accomplished long before the advent of 3D printing, and high precision prototypes are not really the area where 3D printers are used. At least not the consumer grade models that most people know about.

    3D printing was and is about is to make the whole deal cheap. To give everyone access to the ability to produce plastic prototypes that doesn't involve a process that resembles playing with very expensive Play-Doh.

    This thing is a completely different beast altogether. From the looks of it alone you can easily tell that "cheap" wasn't really one of the corner stones this project rested on. Building really tiny things was.

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  16. I'll believe it when I see it... by mutube · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...Doh!!!

  17. Re:Amazing by kermidge · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I'm childish enough to find many things amazing.

    Sometimes in the wee hours when the mind roams I still get a hint of the simple rush from my first experience with an interactive computer, one of the early 8-bit machines: I press a key, and a letter shows up on the screen. Very simple it is; yet all the tech, all the science underlying it, the full range of variously insightful to plodding accomplishments needed to design and build the circuits and instructions still fascinates. I try to appreciate and accord value to well-designed, well-made items that are shepherded through the constraints of materials, cost to build, and market vagaries, amongst others - be it a nail clippers or a CPU.

    My knowledge being small, my understanding smaller, my ignorance vast as Universe, there's plenty for amazement.

    Am I amazed enough for you, or will you slough me off as simply dotty?

  18. Re:Amazing by VoidCrow · · Score: 2

    I feel pretty much the same way. People take so much for granted, Even cutlery,,, how long would it take for an Iron Age blacksmith to craft a single cutlery set? Chariot wheels are actually quite complex. A composite bow? Contrast that with a modern electronic item, or any of a huge range of custom=designed materials. The insight required to modify genomes to produce somewhat predictable outcomes?

    It's staggering. I think anyone who misses the significance of all of this is seriously lacking in imagination.