Giant Dinosaurs Were Fastest Growing Animals Ever

sciencehabit writes "Lufengosaurus, a long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur that lived in China during the Jurassic period, were the biggest animals of their age, measuring 30 feet long. Now, fossilized embryos reveal that they were also the fastest growing animals on record — 'faster than anything we have ever seen,' according to one researcher. What's more, researchers have found traces of organic matter in their bones, which may belong to the oldest fossil proteins ever found."

Comments

Full article hidden inside pay-wall

[Taco Cowboy]

Tried and failed to read the full article in the Science magazine, it's a paywall, unfortunately

Re:Full article hidden inside pay-wall

[Anonymous Coward]

Giant Dinosaurs Got a Head Start on Growth
by Lizzie Wade on 10 April 2013, 1:10 PM

Nearly 200 million years ago, some of the earliest dinosaurs on Earth laid their eggs in modern Yunnan Province in southern China, only to have one nest after another destroyed by floods. Today, the remains of those lost eggs—and the embryonic dinosaurs that they contained—are helping scientists understand how their relatives grew up to be giants.

The destroyed nests probably belonged to Lufengosaurus, a long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur that lived in the region during the Jurassic period. Although Lufengosaurus and its relatives, called sauropodomorphs, have long been considered to be "those boring dinosaurs," says paleontologist and lead author Robert Reisz of the University of Toronto, Mississauga, in Canada, they do have one trait that makes them stand out—their size: "They were [always] the biggest things that lived in the neighborhood." Lufengosaurus, for example, grew to be about 9 meters long—the largest creature in the region at the time. But because fossils are literally set in stone, paleontologists have had few clues about how these animals grew to such gigantic proportions.

At first glance, the newly discovered bone bed doesn't look like much help. Although it offers some of the oldest embryonic dinosaur bones ever discovered, there are no complete skeletons to be found here; the floods that washed away the nests ripped apart their fragile, unhatched inhabitants and left behind only a few eggshell fragments and a chaotic jumble of hundreds of tiny bones. But it's precisely this mixture of specimens from many different nests—and, therefore, multiple stages of development—that has paleontologists so excited.

"When you get a beautiful little embryo inside an egg, it's gorgeous, but it's only a glimpse, sort of like a frozen moment in the embryonic life of the animal," Reisz says. "Here, because we have limb bones at various different stages of development, we can actually follow the embryonic life of the organism."

To reconstruct Lufengosaurus's development, Reisz's team focused on the 24 femur bones found in the remains. The first thing the researchers noticed is that the largest of these leg bones were nearly twice the size of the smallest ones, revealing that the creatures grew significantly before they even hatched. And when researchers cut open the femurs to study their structure, they noticed that the spaces in the bones where blood vessels and other tissues would have grown were particularly large. Scientists know that the larger such so-called vascular spaces are, the faster the animal is growing. Judging from the size of their femurs' vascular spaces, Reisz and colleagues concluded that the Lufengosaurus embryos grew faster than all other known dinosaurs and all living birds—"faster than anything we have ever seen," Reisz says. This rapid embryonic growth may be the key to understanding adult sauropodomorphs' towering physiques, the team reports online today in Nature.

But the real surprise that the bones contained didn't reveal itself until the researchers subjected them to the powerful x-rays produced by a synchrotron in Taiwan. When they did, they noticed traces of what they suspect is organic matter inside the bones. "Organic remains [of dinosaurs] have been found before, but this is by far the oldest," Reisz says. If the bones do, in fact, contain complex proteins, he hopes to compare them with proteins in living organisms to learn more about the biology of dinosaurs. Such a possibility "really opens up a new avenue of research for paleontology," he says.

Other researchers are more cautious. "Almost every example of such organic material is hotly disputed," and this one will likely be no different, points out Hans-Dieter Sues, a vertebrate paleontologist at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., who was not involved in the study. "You can never really totally rule out contaminatio

Re:Full article hidden inside pay-wall

[ColdWetDog]

Not to be snarky at all, but a subscription to Science is well worth it for the summary articles and overviews (assuming you're into that sort of thing). It's a refreshing change from the ten line garbled summaries you find elsewhere.

Of course, that doesn't answer the problem of having a paywalled article as reference to a thread. It's not like people would read it, but we must keep up with appearances.

Re:Dinosaurs use protien based host files

[KiloByte]

cue the "my dinosaur is the fastest growing on earth: it grows 9 inches per second" jokes.

Full length in a quarter second? Impressive!

Obviously they haven't

[Chrisq]

Giant Dinosaurs Were Fastest Growing Animals Ever

Obviously they haven't heard of Cowboyneal

Re:There was less junk DNA around back then

[ericloewe]

Yeah, because the limiting factor in cellular division is copying DNA.

Protip: It's not.

Re:There was less junk DNA around back then

[tsa]

When I was a student in the early 1990s I was introduced to the concept of 'junk' DNA. I didn't believe in it then, and now it turns out that scientists find more and more interesting information in 'junk' DNA that is necessary for an organism to grow and function.

Re:There was less junk DNA around back then

[game kid]

Maybe the scientists currently on the DNA-decode job should bring in some reverse-engineers, or e.g. the MAME team, to figure out just how the decoding truly goes, since the "junk" seems to be used less as copyable data and more like arcane utility code. Interdisciplinary study and all that.

Fast - but how fast, really?

[wvmarle]

The article doesn't mention much about how fast they really grew.

How long did it take them to reach adult size, for example?

And related: what was the approx. lifespan of such animals?

How could they manage the food intake for that growth? This are plant eaters, and plants are not the most efficient sources of energy - leaves are pretty hard to digest, especially compared to meat. So they must eat a lot of it (probably pretty much constantly), and have a rather efficient digestive system that can handle the huge quantities of food.

Here's the revelant bit:

[LanMan04]

That repertoire turns out to be more intriguing than Thompson could
have imagined. Although the configuration program specified tasks for
all 100 cells, it transpired that only 32 were essential to the
circuit's operation. Thompson could bypass the other cells without
affecting it. A further five cells appeared to serve no logical
purpose at all--there was no route of connections by which they could
influence the output. And yet if he disconnected them, the circuit
stopped working.

It appears that evolution made use of some physical property of these
cells--possibly a capacitive effect or electromagnetic inductance--to
influence a signal passing nearby. Somehow, it seized on this subtle
effect and incorporated it into the solution.

-------------

Another challenge is to make the circuit work over a wide temperature
range. On this score, the human digital scheme proves its
worth. Conventional microprocessors typically work between -20 0C and
80 0C. Human designers set the clock so that chip components have
enough time to settle into a digital value. As many computer hackers
know, they can turn up the clock speed if they keep the temperature of
the microprocessor low because the transistors settle into their on or
off states more quickly when cold.

Thompson's evolved circuit only works over a 10 0C range--the
temperature range in the laboratory during the experiment. This is
probably because the temperature changes the capacitance, resistance
or some other property of the circuit's components. Whatever the
cause, this is a serious drawback. If the circuit needs a temperature
controller to enable it to operate, then it is no longer a cheap,
low-power device. But evolution could come to the rescue here as well.
In a future genetic algorithm, Thompson plans to score circuits not
only on how well they perform an electronic task, but also on how well
they cope with temperature variation. Evolution might, for example,
create a design that includes a set of subcircuits each of which
operates over a different temperature range. If this fails to solve
the problem, Thompson will try giving the FPGA a clock. But he won't
tell the circuit what to do with it. "It will be a resource--we'll see
what use evolution makes of it," he says.

Did Jesus?

[AndyKron]

I wonder if Jesus ever rode one of those big ones?