Boston Tech Vs. the Bomber

An anonymous reader writes "Amid rumors of an impending arrest in the Boston Marathon bombing, Xconomy has a rundown of local companies working on technologies relevant to the investigation and aftermath. The approaches include Web analytics to identify communication patterns, image and video analysis of the crime scene, surveillance camera hardware and software, and smart prosthetic devices for amputees. A big challenge the authorities face is the sheer volume and different proprietary formats of video from security cameras, mobile devices, and media groups. Ultimately this will be a case study in whether an individual bent on destruction can remain anonymous in an era of digital surveillance, social media, and crowdsourcing."

Comments

recovery, not prevention.

[hendrikboom]

Well, the emergency response seemed to be on the ball, minimizing the damage. Now we get to see whether the surveillance technologies are up to scratch after the fact.

Prevention is probably impossible.

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[girlintraining]

Prevention is totally possible. Strip all those pesky rights and liberties, problem solved.

It's a little known fact that an investigation of serial murderers has revealed that there isn't a single common motivation amongst them, nor is there a profile. The quintessential serial murderer, Charles Whitman, who climbed a clock tower and sniped dozens below, was at the time cast as the "typical loner". It wasn't released at the time that he had begged his doctors to help him for months beforehand, saying he was developing violent impulses and he didn't know why. He wrote a note just before climbing the tower asking that they do an autopsy after and look at his brain. They did. They found a tumor pressing against a region of the brain responsible for impulse control. The autopsy report at the time (incorrectly) stated that the tumor had no effect on his behavior.

There have been studies done linking lead poisoning to aggression control -- after banning lead in gasoline, the crime rate in every country that did so dropped within a few years by double-digit percentages. I guess what my point here is, is that prevention isn't possible because we don't understand what causes violent behavior. There isn't a single common thread linking them all; There is no profile, and sometimes no violent history. For some reason, perfectly normal people just... break. And it's likely there are many causes. But the takeaway here is that it is not in our nature to be violent to our peers unless threatened. Violent impulses are inherently anti-social, and the human race is a social one. Now, before you argue, note the caveat above: our peers. Our tribe. Our family, etc. Not strangers. In the same way ant colonies will war with each other so do we: But it is not a behavioral norm to attack our peers.

Which is why, in the final analysis, stripping away people's rights and liberties will do exactly dick for prevention. All it will do is lower the quality of life for everyone, while accomplishing a vanishingly small improvement in the safety of the same. We need to understand violence better before we can achieve long-term gains. Imagine if researchers discovered a drug that removes violent impulses. In fact, for schizophrenics, that's more or less exactly what we have today: A common mental condition which, if untreated, leads to violent impulses, but if treated, creates a productive and contributing member of society. Should we lock them up... or give them medical treatment?

Arguments for reductions in our civil rights and freedoms in order to improve safety are fundamentally flawed. The two aren't related -- not statistically, not empirically... there is no association between the two, except in our own worldviews which demand a link be there when one is not. And we do it because we want to feel like we have control. But we don't. We don't even know why... if there even is a why. And that is deeply unsettling to most. That's why people cry out for restrictions... not because they'll do any good, but because they feel a need to do something, anything, to restore their sense of personal power.

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[Anonymous Coward]

You've confused serial killing and mass killing. And yes, there are motivations for both, though the reasoning may not always be clear. The Columbine mass killing certainly had a cause as well as many other mass killings where a man kills his wife and everybody around him. Outside of the cases of domestic violence mass killing, the common profile of the perpetrators is social isolation. For this reason, I have to wonder if many of these mass killings were not caused by a mental illness, but by the consequences of being ostracized and outcast due to having the mental illness. Perhaps it is the stigmatization of mental illness that is causing these problems. If this is true, then attacking the mentally ill after mass killings and using them as scapegoats might be very counterproductive since it will cause more of them to be socially isolated.

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[girlintraining]

You've confused serial killing and mass killing.

No, I have not. Differing definitions do not mean differing underlying psychological conditions. My point was that violence is inherently anti-social. It doesn't matter whether you're anti-social with a lot of dead bodies in a short period of time, or anti-social with a lot of dead bodies over an extended period of time, you've still got a screw loose.

For this reason, I have to wonder if many of these mass killings were not caused by a mental illness, but by the consequences of being ostracized and outcast due to having the mental illness.

Despite reams of scientific studies and a great many books on criminology indicating that being ostracized and outcast is a stereotype, not a fact. You're drawing on a common prejudice that has no empirical basis.

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[Kittenman]

It's a little known fact that an investigation of serial murderers has revealed that there isn't a single common motivation amongst them, nor is there a profile. The quintessential serial murderer, Charles Whitman, who climbed a clock tower and sniped dozens below, was at the time cast as the "typical loner". It wasn't released at the time that he had begged his doctors to help him for months beforehand, saying he was developing violent impulses and he didn't know why. He wrote a note just before climbing the tower asking that they do an autopsy after and look at his brain. They did. They found a tumor pressing against a region of the brain responsible for impulse control. The autopsy report at the time (incorrectly) stated that the tumor had no effect on his behavior.

Fascinating - I didn't know of the case and did some reading (ok, wikipedia...). But why 'incorrectly'? Shooting lots of people seems a very specific reaction to a loss if impulse control. Why didn't he lose bladder control, or some such more obvious reaction to loss of control. The Charles Whitman article states he was predisposed to violence and popped pills. Those seem more prone to be the cause of Whitman's instability. Disclaimer - I am not a Doctor. (IANAD?)

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[girlintraining]

Shooting lots of people seems a very specific reaction to a loss if impulse control. Why didn't he lose bladder control, or some such more obvious reaction to loss of control.

Perhaps because the centers of the brain responsible for bladder control aren't the same parts that handle aggression... otherwise our action movies would consist of burly men gunning down their enemies while wearing Depends.

The Charles Whitman article states he was predisposed to violence and popped pills.

He passed Marine basic training and a full psychological workup. They didn't find anything. He applied to study mechanical and architectural engineering as part of his efforts to become a commissioned officer. Although his college career sputtered, he maintained his reputation as an outstanding Marine, and in one case single-handedly lifted up an overturned Jeep to free fellow soldiers in an accident. There's no history of a predisposition for violence cited in any available professional medical assessments for him. The pills they found on him after he was shot were part of a survival kit that he had assembled beforehand, no doubt part of his military training. He had no history of drug abuse, and the drugs given at the time were available within the military at the time (but not today) as stimulants for long-term deployments.

The article that you read, undoubtedly is sensationalist garbage, an attempt to try to explain irrational impulses. Because if it can be explained, then he can be blamed. We certainly don't want a mass murderer to appear as though his violence was the result of an uncontrollable medical condition -- because that would mean that the violence wasn't preventable. It would mean we were powerless against it. It would mean, most critically for the average person, that a higher moral authority didn't exist and didn't prevent it from happening -- that the universe doesn't reward good behavior and punish bad behavior, but that it doesn't care. That sometimes, bad things just happen. Whatever article you read, is based on emotive reasoning.

In actuality, this was a perfectly normal man who, likely as a result of an emergent medical condition, lost his impulse control through no fault of his own, became violent, and killed a bunch of people before being killed himself. That doesn't at all fit with our need for vengance -- though people usually call it 'justice' instead. But it isn't. The need for vengance is a major motivation for our justice system, just not one anyone wants to discuss because it's taboo.

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[BrokenHalo]

...violence is inherently anti-social... ... you've still got a screw loose.

Indeed. And I guess we'll find out pretty soon just how understanding everyone is when they catch this person. From TFS, the following stands out:

...the sheer volume and different proprietary formats of video from security cameras, mobile devices, and media groups. Ultimately this will be a case study in whether an individual bent on destruction can remain anonymous in an era of digital surveillance, social media, and crowdsourcing.

...as meaning just one thing. We have a lynch mob here.

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[girlintraining]

That is trivial to circumvent. Zimbardo, Millgram, The Third Wave, ...

All three of the examples you state are a ringing endorsement of what I said: In each case, it was a peer giving the orders, or gaining obedience. In none of those cases, did people fall on each other like a pack of wolves. But even if that wasn't the case, your examples still don't touch my original assertion: Human beings aren't innately violent towards their peers. They can be coaxed into doing so, but it isn't something that comes naturally to them.

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[c0lo]

I don't know who keeps modding this stupid tranny up, but it has no idea what it is talking about. In fact it is a mentally unstable indiivudal itself that should be put down for the betterment of society.

One name: John Nash. He was mentally unstable: had he been put down, would the society be better?

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[chargersfan420]

In actuality, this was a perfectly normal man who...

It is very difficult for you to make a statement like this with your proof being a few sentences about a person's life. For instance, I could say that Hitler was an artist, who had an accomplished military career, as well as a career in politics (which must mean he was popular, right?)

Now I really hate to go Godwin so quickly on this, but looking through that Wikipedia article makes it fairly clear that his father was abusive, and he joined the military to get away from him. These two facts scream "predisposition to violence" to me, and I think most other rational thinking people.

And before you try to tell me that the Wikipedia article "undoubtedly is sensationalist garbage", I'm afraid I have to point out that the burden of proof lies with you. Wikipedia is crowdsourced, so many people had to agree what they could post about this guy as fact, and disputed facts are typically mentioned in the "talk" section of the page, which makes no mention of any doubt surrounding the basic facts about his father. Your comment, on the other hand, is your own statement of belief. Why should I believe that your side of the story carries more weight than what many knowledgeable people have to say on the matter?

Re:recovery, not prevention.

[xelah]

My point was that violence is inherently anti-social.

Hmm, is it really? Some violence perhaps, like the mass/serial killer examples (though if one serial killer is copying his hero, is that social behaviour or not?). But take, say, Northern Irish terrorism, or perhaps extreme religious terrorism, too. Or gang violence. Couldn't that be caused in part by inherently social processes? By people wanting to belong to the group, to be admired by the group, or a group talking each other in to more and more extreme and 'pure' views? The most extreme example - war - is a very social activity indeed. Being anti-violence in a war can itself be seen as anti-social by others.

I wouldn't want to say that (especially) bizarre behaviour motivated by extreme religious views or behaviour isn't a mental health issue as well, though, one that sometimes turns in to a criminal issue. But it isn't easy to draw the line (Jonestown? Al Qaeda in 2001? The crusades? Terrorist groups responding to relatives killed by US drones? The Westboro nutters?).

Not in the article

[girlintraining]

Not in the article: Success rates and false positives.

The problem with these type of technologies is that even if they're 99% effective, that still means they're useless. You need to be about 99.9% effective before the false positive rate drops to a point where it is investigationally useful. If these technologies happen to finger the person who did this, everyone will point to it as proof that it works. But I can tell you right now, there won't be any news stories of the dozens to hundreds detained, questioned, and humiliated by simply matching an arbitrary profile -- because in both the media's eyes and the general public, that would be flinging mud on a "hero".

I'm all for investigation into these technologies... but none of them are mature enough yet to be used in criminal investigations responsibly.

Re:Not in the article

[viperidaenz]

http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/how-%E2%80%98extra-9%E2%80%99-could-ward-zombie-apocalypse

One can always remain anon if he tries hard enough

[Anonymous Coward]

If a person is reasonable intelligent, and a loner, I have no doubt that covering tracks would be possible if one really wanted to.

Don't talk on social media.
Don't tell anyone.
Buy supplies with cash in different locations, spread over significant time.
Wear different clothing/hat/sunglasses and don't ever use them before of after the event.
Die your hair, shave, obscure your style and gender.
Don't drive a car, anywhere.
Don't do obvious stuff like use cellphones in the operation.

Fortunately, the type of people capable of this kind of stuff tend not to be the brightest bulbs.

Re:The Mechanical Turk may be faster...

[Anonymous Coward]

Translation: 4chan accused everybody with a black backpack of being the bomber. Especially if they were caught looking at a girl's ass instead of the shitty view of the marathon.

And none of them match the FBI's person of interest description.

Re:The Mechanical Turk may be faster...

[girlintraining]

4chan may have found them... http://imgur.com/a/sUrnA

They also found Natalie Portman, naked and petrified, thousands of times. 4Chan is not exactly a bastion of reliable information. Now I get what you're saying about crowdsourcing, but there's another, older term, for this sort of thing:

Witch hunt.

Re:The rumor mill

[Arker]

It's worse than you realise - the Saudi national you describe as 'still just a witness' with the first word implying suspicion - that fella was never a suspect, nor is he a witness other than incidentally, he's a victim. The Islamophobia is palpable.

Re:One can always remain anon if he tries hard eno

[girlintraining]

Don't talk on social media.
Don't tell anyone.
Buy supplies with cash in different locations, spread over significant time.
Wear different clothing/hat/sunglasses and don't ever use them before of after the event.
Die your hair, shave, obscure your style and gender.
Don't drive a car, anywhere.
Don't do obvious stuff like use cellphones in the operation.

You do realize that everything you just listed is what the Department of Homeland Security trains people are the things terrorists do, right? Let me tell you something about walking through the woods unnoticed; Don't try and cover your tracks. Every attempt to cover them is, in actuality, disturbing the surroundings even more. It makes you easier to track. If you want to go unseen in the world, step lightly and deliberately, and don't move in a straight line towards your destination. Take a circular route. Walk where others have walked (deer trails, for example). Disturb little, move erratically, sleep lightly, and nobody will find you.

Which is what anyone who's spent any amount of time outdoors can tell you. It's common sense. The advice you're offering, if followed, would be like shooting a flare up, saying "Hi, I'm over here!" Terrorists aren't stupid. They aren't exactly smart either, but they do plan. A lot. In detail. Because they know what's coming after them when they're done: A bunch of very pissed off Marines. And intelligence isn't really important, not nearly as much as planning. That's why 9/11 happened. That's why terrorism survives to this day, despite all our efforts to stop it. They aren't stupid.

Never underestimate your opponent. If you're going to catch terrorists, you have to think like one. And you sir, are a terrible impersonation of a terrorist. The real ones know better. Which is unfortunate. If they were more like you, we'd have won the war on terror by now.

Doctors, nurses were very near the attack site ...

[perpenso]

Well, the emergency response seemed to be on the ball, minimizing the damage.

Circumstances greatly facilitated that. There were doctors, nurses and medical personnel on site near the finish line. Marathon organizers put together a huge medical team. The minutes saved by being very near to the attack site surely saved lives.

Now we get to see whether the surveillance technologies are up to scratch after the fact.

At an event like this I'd wager cell phone photos and videos dwarf the traditional surveillance cameras.

Re:The Mechanical Turk may be faster...

[Opportunist]

That's no longer the politically correct term, please refrain from calling it that. We ask you to use the term "war on terror" now. Thank you for your cooperation.

Re:Misdirection

[Opportunist]

For gun laws? C'mon, that story holds no water. To get rigid gun legislation, shouldn't a gun have been used? Or many? Where's the logic in "Hmm, someone blew up a house, let's tighten gun laws"? If someone sat on top of a building and sniped away at people reaching the goal line, I could see some connection, but bombs? C'mon, at least try to find some connection if you call it a conspiracy.

If you say that they want to tighten chemical control, now that's something we could start discussing (even though... I'd be hard pressed to find out what else they could regulate, monitor or outright forbid in that area, ever tried getting sodium persulfate lately? And that's not even bomb material (at least not that I'm aware of and no, I don't want to discuss it, lest someone reads it and feels the pressing urge to take away one of the last chemicals I can still get, with some hassle, that I can use to etch PCBs!).

But back on topic. Do you HONESTLY think they need to blow up shit to gain public support for tighter gun laws? The support is already there in some parts of the public. The amount of "gun nuts", people who dare to consider at least one part of the constitution important, is rather small. Very vocal, but also very small. Think banning assault rifles or making getting them hard enough that 99% of the people wouldn't bother would cause more than a "tsk" from 99% of the population? Doubt it.

When you want to make it a conspiracy, make it one for something where support is lacking. Like, say, yet another war.

Crowdsourcing means nothing

[Zynder]

Since you did go Godwin, let me say this: There was a time here in America pre 1865, when the majority of (white) men thought that those of African descent and those of the female gender (heaven forbid if you were both female and African!) were inferior folks and no better than property. Just because a majority feels something is right and good does not mean it is. That is why very few pure Democracies have stood the test of time. This is also the whole reason for the existence of the scientific method. You need empirical evidence, true proof if you will, that something is or is not. Emotions fool us all the time. The laws of physics are a cold hearted bitch though.

Also be aware when you say "predispositon to violence" you walk that razor's edge of falling prey to stereotypes. There is still plenty of conjecture and debate regarding Nature vs. Nurture because that happens to be an area where easy math formulae such as E=mc^2 just don't seem manifest. For instance, I grew up poor. I am not poor any longer. In your words, "most other rational thinking people" often throw the stereotype around that if you grew up poor then you will be poor your whole life, that you will end up in jail as a criminal most likely for drugs or gang violence, an so on. A person should not be judged on where they came from, grew up, race, etc. Their own merits speak all on their own. Look at that.

I have not researched this particular killer in any detail. This is actually the first time I have heard of him. However, his military career was evidently impeccable, all previous evaluations of him seemed normal, there were no issues with law enforcement at any time previous to the shooting then up to that point, "most rational people" would have called him an upstanding citizen and hero. But he knew something was wrong, he knew he was fucked up, and when he did the rational thing and sought medical help, he got turned away. That tumor continued unabated and we have known for ages that tumors can cause you to go crazy, lose motor functions, sieze, etc. Well look what the evidence shows us: a man that wasn't crazy, who goes crazy, and upon autopsy find a tumor in his brain in an area that we now know today controls your aggressive behaviors. That's a walking, quacking duck right there. So let's call it a duck ummkay?

I can tell why you seem so incensed and defensive in your response. You feel that by girlintraining's & my stance that we will be soft on criminals, that we will excuse thier behavior, and by being this way "justice" won't be served (check out her paragraph on bad things just happening and revenge). You may even believe that if we can't blame the bad man for being bad then we may blame you as in "society failed him." Speaking for myself, I can say that the act itself should not be excused. He killed alot of people and that is a heinous thing. However, those family's that lost people that day, still grieve today even though justice was served by his death. The best way to honor them, and make them feel that thier sacrifices were not in vain, would be to prevent this from happening again but as girl pointed out you simply can't effectively do that until you understand the problem.

So to answer your final question, why should we believe her over consensus? We shouldn't. We should give them equal consideration with the facts that we know. I know science and I know how mob rule works and mob rule is the last thing one should defer to.

The Survey

[SuperKendall]

Would you try to stop a brother or sister from dating someone who had previously been hospitalized for a suicide attempt?

No, why would I?

Would you be willing to closely work with a person who was rumored to have bipolar II disorder?

Of course as long as they could do the work.

If you were hiring a person for a job or renting a house, would it bother you if that person revealed an anxiety disorder? Depression? Schizophrenia? How would their compliance to medication affect your view?

I am in fact a landlord and I don't care about ANY of those things. At all. Again, why on earth would it?

If you knew a woman who had a mental illness, would you recommend an abortion if she became pregnant?

I think I'd let her decide what was right for her instead of forcing and pre-conceived notions I might have on her.

Do you think a person with a serious mental illness should be able to vote? To drive?

Sure if it does not affect the ability to do those things.

Do you think "due process" to contest confinement should be applicable to those who have been diagnosed with a mental illness?

Of course it should.

Your survey, as usual for that kind of things, reveals way more about YOUR perceptions of people than it does about how people actually react to mental illness. Very few people would answer any differently than myself for most of those questions.

Do YOU think that someone diagnosed with a mental illness should be able to buy a gun? I do, because I realize that the term "mental illness" is absurdly broad.