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Data Center Managers Weary of Whittling Cooling Costs

Nerval's Lobster writes that a survey from the Uptime Institute "suggests something it calls 'green fatigue' is setting in when it comes to making data centers greener. 'Green fatigue' is exactly as it sounds: managers are getting tired of the increasingly difficult race to chop their PUE, or Power Usage Effectiveness. The PUE is a measure of a data center's efficiency. The lower the PUE, the better — and Microsoft and Google, with nearly limitless resources, have set the bar so high (or low, depending on your perspective) that it's making less-capitalized firms frustrated. Just a few years ago, the Uptime Institute estimated that the average PUE of a data center was around 2.4, which meant for every dollar of electricity to power a data center, $1.4 dollars were spent to cool it. That dropped to 1.8 recently, an improvement to be sure. But then you have companies such as Google and Microsoft building data centers next to rivers for cheap hydroelectric power in remote parts of the Pacific Northwest and reporting insanely low PUEs (below 1.1 in some cases). The Institute latest survey of data center operators shows only 50 percent of respondents in North America said they considered energy efficiency to be very important to their companies, down from 52 percent last year and 58 percent in 2011."

46 of 198 comments (clear)

  1. why not migrate everything to the cloud? by alen · · Score: 5, Funny

    that always works

    1. Re:why not migrate everything to the cloud? by I'm+New+Around+Here · · Score: 5, Funny

      That cloud is where the joke that went over your head is at. ;^)

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  2. Doesn't really matter by Hentes · · Score: 2, Interesting

    These are just publicity stunts. Computing is cheap in terms of energy, the energy used by datacenters barely registers in the total energy usage.

    1. Re:Doesn't really matter by afidel · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Datacenters accounted for 1.3% of all electricity used worldwide in 2010, I imagine it's higher today, so reducing their power usage by say 40% is a big deal, almost as big as the similar reduction in the 5-6% of total electricity used for residential lighting we got by switching to LED/CFL.

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    2. Re:Doesn't really matter by Immerman · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Actually, electricity is one of the major costs of running a large data center - the amortized cost of a single server is probably only a few hundred bucks a year over its lifetime. The energy to operate it is typically a comparable amount, and the energy for cooling is even greater.

      Now I wouldn't expect anyone to upgrade their cooling efficiency on a regular basis, but it's foolish not to consider both operating and cooling efficiency during a major upgrade - you may end up paying a larger sticker price, but it can lower your amortized costs significantly.

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    3. Re:Doesn't really matter by thegarbz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      In 2009 the EPA estimated that if historical trends for datacentre expansion continue (that is PUE remains steady as datacentres continue to be built) then USA datacentre power usage would consume 120 billion kWh/year. To put that into perspective a typical house uses about 12000 kWh/year. So datacentre usage was projected to be the equivalent of 10 million US households. Best case scenario currently puts this closer to 5 million US households.

      That's just serving up data. Now add the insane amounts of network switching gear to allow data to get to the end users and then add the computing power of the end users themselves and you end up with a significant environmental footprint.

      All this based just on environmental savings too. Don't forget energy costs money so by improving cooling efficiency there's significant opportunity for high ROI in the long run. Being energy inefficient these days is an express ticket to Chapter 11, especially for companies like Facebook and Twitter who had trouble monetising their services to being with. Many of these companies have a really large book value but very poor cashflows.

    4. Re:Doesn't really matter by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 2

      You know this because you run large-scale datacenters running millions of machines?

      Is first-hand knowledge required to make a factual statement? You manage a large-scale datacenter, Mr. X?

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    5. Re:Doesn't really matter by amorsen · · Score: 2

      You will not see price parity spend in your lifetime. You really need to do some research for the cost of the infrastructure you speak of.

      It is always a pleasure to see such well reasoned arguments, particularly from an Anonymous Coward.

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  3. Don't use HVAC? by myowntrueself · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I like the way Facebook say they don't use HVAC... yet their entire BUILDING is a huge HVAC unit!

    Efficiency of scale works nicely with HVAC, if you can afford to get the building made to your specs.

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    1. Re:Don't use HVAC? by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 4, Funny

      I like the way Facebook say they don't use HVAC... yet their entire BUILDING is a huge HVAC unit!

      Amazon just hires local surfs to peddle bicycles that power belt-driven fans. When a surf drops, they simply hustle them out and replace them with another. Communities are so glad to have such a huge employer, they look the other way...

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    2. Re:Don't use HVAC? by jader3rd · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Amazon just hires local surfs to peddle bicycles that power belt-driven fans. When a surf drops, they simply hustle them out and replace them with another. Communities are so glad to have such a huge employer, they look the other way...

      Wouldn't those workers be replaced by labor cost saving robots?

    3. Re:Don't use HVAC? by Molochi · · Score: 2

      Surf power is the "wave" of the future. I'm a big supporter of it. However, when the surf drops there's nothing to do but wait for it to pick back up... OHHH you mean SERFs. Never mind.

       

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  4. Dumb summery by Bram+Stolk · · Score: 2

    Dumb summary.
    What does is matter how cheap the electricity is?
    It is a ratio of two electricity costs.
    Price of electricity has no effect on PUE.
    Maybe climate has.
    Cooling in arctic is cheaper than cooling in nevada desert.

    --
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    1. Re:Dumb summery by Z00L00K · · Score: 2

      And cooling is also easier to get if you are located close to the sea or a major river. If you are lucky you can use the cool water "as is" to cool your data center and through that lower the cost for cooling a lot. Only the cost of the energy needed to pump the water is what will remain.

      Water cooling of the data centers in combination with water cooled servers could be the answer. Could even keep down the noise in the data center.

      And the cost of cooling will make sites where natural cooling is possible more attractive than other sites.

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    2. Re:Dumb summery by LoztInSpace · · Score: 2

      Price of electricity matters. If your total electricity cost is $1000 per month you'd almost certainly find something else to concentrate on. If the same data centre costs $100,000 to run you'd be stupid not to look at it. Agreed the PUE doesn't change with cost, but the relevance does.

  5. Go North, Young Man by habig · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Why don't they just site their centers up north? Here in Duluth, most of the year the outside air is cooled for free by mother nature. Heck, they could sell their waste heat to nearby homes and businesses and get a negative PUE.

    Don't need to be green to worry about this, it's $$, something ever company wants.

    1. Re:Go North, Young Man by CastrTroy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, it's in the middle of the US, so it will provide better latency to people in New York than having your servers located in San Francisco. It's also not far from some "large" cities such as Chicago and Minneapolis. Also for some things latency doesn't matter so much. Sure if you're gaming it makes some difference, but if you're streaming a movie from the datacenter, it doesn't matter if your ping time is 10 ms or 1000 ms, because the movie is going to buffer at least 2 or 3 seconds before you start to watch it anyway.

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    2. Re:Go North, Young Man by I'm+New+Around+Here · · Score: 4, Funny

      Yet only six hours at the speed of light*.

      *Disclaimer: Speed of light in fiber optic cabling is even faster than speed of light in a vacuum, because vacuums have all the dirt swirling around in them, whereas fiber is very clean. So it says in our marketing material, anyway. So come build your data centers in Duluth, we welcome you.

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    3. Re:Go North, Young Man by TheGavster · · Score: 2

      For high-frequency trading or something I can see latency being an issue, but for some social networking site that is going to be accessed across some crazy latent cell modem anyway, I don't think the geography matters too much. Heck, I live on the east coast but played on a west coast WoW server and didn't have any problems.

      I could see the increased distance as greater exposure to inter-ISP politics fallout since you have to transit more peering agreements; there was a week or so when service to the west coast was pretty slow because AT&T got in a spat with someone and stopped forwarding their traffic.

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    4. Re:Go North, Young Man by Gorobei · · Score: 2

      Why don't they just site their centers up north? Here in Duluth, most of the year the outside air is cooled for free by mother nature. Heck, they could sell their waste heat to nearby homes and businesses and get a negative PUE.

      Don't need to be green to worry about this, it's $$, something ever company wants.

      At my last co, we did just that at a Canadian compute farm - used cold river water as the main coolant, pumped the low-grade waste heat to a local town for residential heating.

    5. Re:Go North, Young Man by Billly+Gates · · Score: 2

      "That is funny but their are good reasons. One do you have cheap Hydro power in Duluth? Fiber?"

      Cheap land? Check.
      Cold frigid body of water? Check
      Cheaper workers? Check
      Lower taxes? Check

      The cost of land compared to California? Priceless!

      I got into a debate 2 years ago when someone said you must be in the bay area if you are a young I.T. startup! I called that out as Bullshit! Unless you already have tens of millions of dollars sitting in your bank account. Texas is a much better deal. Those who hated Texas felt free to correct me but I gave a business reason. How much would an ok average software engineer cost in Austin? $55,000 a year. San Francisco? $90,000 a year. Rent for a tiny 15 person team in Austin? $80,000 a year. San Francisco $1,000,000! Taxes in California? 10%! Taxes about 2.5% etc.

      See where I am coming from? It is stupid to start a business in the bay area. Synergy my ass. There is nothing magical about the bay area where you magically will have customers pay you money to offset the costs. Too many programmers for too little talent that can leave you in a heartbeat where my costs are 300% just to appear cool. It is a business my friend and I am just here to make money. Stop imitating others and start being different to get ahead.

      Walmart beat all the nickel and dime stores like Woolsworth in NYC when they are in rural Arkansas to cut costs. When you have a shoe string budget starting out and your new investors want a profit by the end of the month Minnesota or Alaska sound like a much better option. When you talk to a financial guru they always advise to spec out your costs and triple them and then when you are done double them.

  6. on what scale is this issue? by taj · · Score: 4, Insightful

    For instance, I suspect we waste more energy moving tap water in plastic bottles between cities.

    1. Re:on what scale is this issue? by thegarbz · · Score: 4, Informative

      The difference between historical design and best practice is somewhere in the vicinity of being able to power 6 million US households.

      Not to mention the strawman you have made there. This isn't an either-or choice. Why can't we improve energy efficiency AND make an effort to rely less on bottled water?

  7. Re:Their data is too weak to support their conclus by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 2

    Or to put it another way, since 2011 8% of data center operators have decided that they have other priorities than further improving what they perceive to be energy efficiency numbers that are as good as the cost of improving further can justify (while a much larger number still say it is a priority, but have no intention of improving it in the near future because they don't think the cost is justified by the potential savings).*

    *None of this is intended to in anyway be in disagreement with any part of the point you made, just trying to phrase your point in another way (perhaps not well).

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  8. Re:Fuck those companies by sanman2 · · Score: 2

    Consolidation might be good for industry in this case.

  9. Re:Fuck those companies by interval1066 · · Score: 2

    How irresponsible for them to cry that their competitors are destroying the environment less than they are.

    They're only human. You have people yelling at you that you're destroying the planet enough times you tend to get jaded. Also, this is a little like claiming butchers are tired of sharpening their cleavers; if I'm a middle manager that last thing I want to hear from my stable of IT monkeys is "I'm tired of finding ways to cut costs." My response would be to point out where the door is. Last thing I need is a minion refusing to do something as important as cutting costs when possible.

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  10. who gives a crap about Google by Gothmolly · · Score: 2

    Typical modern groupthink - if you dont match up to some artificial social standard you lose. Watch your own checkbook, don't chase some mythical metric that others self-report. You'll never win, they'll just keep moving the goalposts. Spend less money as you expand capacity, and you're doing a good job.

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  11. hydro doesn't affect PUE... by SuperBanana · · Score: 2

    But then you have companies such as Google and Microsoft building data centers next to rivers for cheap hydroelectric power in remote parts of the Pacific Northwest and reporting insanely low PUEs (below 1.1 in some cases).

    Power Usage Efficiency has nothing to do with the source of the power you're using.

    It's not even a measure of efficiency of equipment.

  12. Run hotter by jamesh · · Score: 2

    I read that google did some experiments a while back and found that running the datacenter hotter saved more $$$ in cooling than the cost of the increased failure rate of hardware. That's fine for some computing workloads, but what are the obstacles to making computers that can run with an acceptable failure rate in an ambient temperature of (say) 50C (~120F)? I assume there are some major obstacles, i'm just curious as to what they are.

    Even if you could run the solid state hardware at 50C and the disks in a separate storage room at 22C, that would still be a win right?

    1. Re:Run hotter by swillden · · Score: 2

      As I recall, the paper from Google said something slightly different. It said they found no increase in failure rate. As a result, Google data centers do run warm: 80F. The employees in data centers wear shorts and t-shirts all the time.

      http://www.google.com/about/datacenters/efficiency/internal/#temperature

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  13. sounds a bit like a nirvana fallacy to me by SuperBanana · · Score: 2

    For instance, I suspect we waste more energy moving tap water in plastic bottles between cities.

    "Well, people get shot all the time, so what's the big deal if I shoot someone?"

    Doesn't work that way, does it? It sounds a bit like you're arguing a nirvana fallacy, namely that because this trend of saving energy in datacenters doesn't save energy everywhere, it's useless.

  14. Re:Fuck those companies by SecurityGuy · · Score: 4, Insightful

    At least the EU and China aren't so rigidly individualistic that we'll poison our children for temporary comfort. I do feel bad for Canada and Mexico though.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal

    Riiiiight.

  15. Re:Fuck those companies by The+Grim+Reefer · · Score: 2, Insightful

    They are not "only humans"! They are *Americans*! And *that* explains their fucked-up mindset of instead of *stopping destroying the planet*, getting jaded. Fuck that! Go fuck yourselves! Nobody cares how "jaded" you are! Reality check: YOU. ARE. ACTIVELY. MURDERING. AN. ENTIRE. PLANET! NOBODY cares if you like being yelled at and stopped at doing that! It's our existence on the line! And in that case, you can bet your ass that we'll end yours before you end ours! (And in the end, nature always wins. We're just not interested in going extinct *with* you.)

    How fuckin' hard is that for you to get in your thick retarded ignorant delusional American skulls, you fucktards??

    I realize talking shit about America is just so cool on /. Especially by anonymous little bitches like you. But why don't you take that electricity powered computer that is filled with toxic crap and use if for something useful if you are so concerned with "murdering an entire planet" instead of posting crap on /.? If you can't do that, then I would suggest you think of the environment and shove it up your ass and go live in a fucking cave.

    It seems to me that most of the people I see bitching about the USA(who are not from there) tend to be from a country that was formerly a major power compared to the rest of the world. And after you and your countrymen got finished fucking up some large region you collapsed in on yourselves. Leaving someone else to un-fuck what you did. For the last half a century or so that has been the US. While we have done some colossally stupid things, I'm not sure there has been a more benevolent leading nation. Yes you can bitch about atomic bombs and wars all you want. But considering the capacity for destruction the US has, it has remained more restrained than most if not all before it. What do you think would happen if North Korea or Iran had the arsenal the US does? What if the Germans or Italians had in it in the 30's or 40's? Or the Ottoman empire?

    I'm so happy that you come from such a peace loving enlightened country. And that you are such an enlightened individual. Oh wait, you're not. You just threatened my country with genocide. What have you and your countrymen done for the world? I'd seriously like to know what country you even come from. For all the stupid shit we americans do, have you ever looked at the amount of financial aid we give to countries that have absolutely no strategic value? Or the amount of food we give away, or the number of paid and volunteer americans who go to help other countries? As much as I hate war and violent conflict, I'm also not stupid enough to sit idol if my home is attacked. Fortunately with the current arsenal if you feel the need to "end our existence" I'm sure as a last resort we'll be plenty happy to turn your home into a shiny new glass parking lot.

  16. Re:Americans whining "Can't shit where I eat" by niftydude · · Score: 3, Informative

    Trollish troll, I rebuke thee with a Citationing of Statisticals:

    Country / CO2 (ktonnes) / % of world emissions / source China (ex.Macau, Hong Kong) 7,031,916 23.5% UN Estimate[6] United States 5,461,014 18.27% UN Estimate[6]

    Except that the population of China is 1.3 billion, and the population of the US is 315 million, so the statistics you supplied basically state that the US is polluting over 4 times as much per person than China is.

    Good argument you have there.

    Why is there so much China bashing in this thread? The GP didn't mention them at all, and as I mentioned in an earlier comment, they aren't relevant to the conversation.

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  17. Re:Fuck those companies by __aaltlg1547 · · Score: 3, Informative

    True. Those things are almost exact opposites. You will never waste money by cutting costs, if you are accounting correctly.

  18. Re:Fuck those companies by EvilSS · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Everyone does realize this was one of those "On a scale of 1 to 6, 6 being extremely important" type surveys, right? It was also among other categories (ranked for importance) like:

    Up-front cost
    Long-term cost / TCO
    Speed of delivery
    Reliability
    Electrical/energy efficiency
    Minimizing under-utilized assets / operating near full capacity

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  19. That cheap hydroelectric power maybe going away... by Trax3001BBS · · Score: 3, Informative

    There's talk of removing a few Dams and with them the cheap power.

    The Washington state Indians have a treaty to fish salmon they way they used to (with nets)
    that they then sale to make a living. The salmon are in decline which is blamed in part to the Dams. All of
    the Dams have fish ladders that help the Salmon migrate but they are asking for the lower (last) four Snake river Dams to be removed.
    http://www.americanrivers.org/initiatives/dams/projects/snake-dam-removal-economics.html

    It's much more than just the Indians, but they seem to be the loudest.

    From the link:
    "Before the dams are removed, there must be a plan in place to: ...Replace the dams' energy in an affordable and carbon neutral manner..."

    I don't see how that can be accomplished unless wind power can be considered carbon neutral.

  20. Re:Fuck those companies by Eivind+Eklund · · Score: 4, Informative

    What have you and your countrymen done for the world? I'd seriously like to know what country you even come from. For all the stupid shit we americans do, have you ever looked at the amount of financial aid we give to countries that have absolutely no strategic value?

    Yes, I have. It's embarrassingly low. A little less than what Greece gives, about half of what Germany gives, about 1/5th of what Sweden gives.

    There's some stats over at http://www.statisticbrain.com/countries-that-give-the-most-in-foreign-aid-statistics/

    The US has a lot of good points. Foreign aid isn't one of them, and neither is consumption patterns.

    (Oh, and I live in the US and am originally from Norway, if that makes a difference.)

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  21. Re:Fuck those companies by The+Grim+Reefer · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The total dollar amount given by the US is $28.67 billion That's more than number two and three (France and Germany) combined. If you factor in military and financial aid for 2011 was $49.5 billion. There's also an additional 10 to $30 billion donated by private non-government sources.

  22. Re: Americans whining "Can't shit where I eat" by KramberryKoncerto · · Score: 3, Informative

    Neither does it care about international borders. The fact is that if people in China live their lives like people in the US then their pollution levels and energy spending would only be much, much higher. If you take countries instead of human beings as your base units this way, you would well come to the conclusion that the Chinese should starve because they eat more food than the Americans.

  23. Re:Fuck those companies by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 2

    Wow, way to make yourself look like an asshole. Absolute numbers, not percentages. USA gives a shitload of money out for free and gets very little thanks in return. Foreign aid isn't a good point? LOL, let's cut it off for a year and see how many dozen wars start.

    --
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  24. Re:Fuck those companies by mikael · · Score: 4, Funny

    "From this financial quarter onwards, as part of our corporate strategy of reducing paper usage, all corporate division teams will be required to provide monthly publication quality reports detailing how much paper they have purchased, used and have saved in the past month. Duplicate copies should be printed out and sent to their line managers, accounting, purchasing, IT and archives. Each team should also maintain their own local archive to provide the annual report at the end of the financial year."

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  25. Re:Americans whining "Can't shit where I eat" by amorsen · · Score: 2

    The environment doesn't care about the ratio between population and GHG output. China is doing more harm than the US, full stop.

    I have the perfect solution then: Split China into 100 separate countries, then none of them will be doing a significant amount of harm on its own.

    If we then split USA and Australia and Canada into states, CO2 levels must surely drop, as no country single country emits anything worth worrying about. We're all saved!

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  26. Re: Fuck those companies by ThreeKelvin · · Score: 2

    So a Swedish citizen give approximatly six times the foreign aid a citizen in the US does?

    Yeah, you're right. That is pretty embarrasing.

  27. Re:That cheap hydroelectric power maybe going away by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

    How the fuck can you replace a dam with wind power ? Hint: It fluctuates at a ration of easily 10x from windy to windless days here in Germany.

    In a point installation, the same size as the dam? You can't. But averaging the wind power from a geographically larger area (the whole of Germany might just be large enough, but barely, I guess) ought to smooth thing up a little bit...that is, ONCE the distribution grids are smart enough to handle that. Right now, I don't think the infrastructure is ready for it. Also, you need a good predictive model to anticipate the changes. Again, something yet to be done. Oh, and there's this silly stuff called "national borders" to complicate the building of the smart grid. Oh, hell...

    --
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  28. Re:Americans whining "Can't shit where I eat" by amorsen · · Score: 2

    Because mine is that it is useless to focus and put blame on the west when most emissions, and a greater share of emissions (per capita and aggregate) come from India and China.

    a) Aggregate is not true today. One day it may be true, but the Western world today still emits more than India and China combined.
    b) Per capita is really ridiculously far from being true.

    If our purpose is simply to self-flagellate, then by all means be like the GP and persist in whining about selfish Americans (and Danes, too).

    It is the selfish Americans and Danes that are the problem. That is also where a lot of the goods that cause the pollution in China and India end up. The Chinese and the Indians do not get to enjoy them, they just get the pollution. Shifting blame to those who have little and can do nothing about the problems is immoral at best.

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