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How NASA Steers the Int'l Space Station Around Asteroids & Other Debris

willith writes "I got to sit down with ISS TOPO Flight Controller Josh Parris at the Houston Mission Control Center and talk about how NASA steers all 400 tons of the International Space Station around potential collisions, or 'conjunctions,' in NASA-parlance. The TOPO controller, with assistance from USSTRATCOM's big radars, keeps track of every object that will pass within a 'pizza-box'-shaped 50km x 50km x 4km perimeter around the ISS. Actually moving the station is done with a combination of large control moment gyros and thrusters on both the Zvezda module and visiting vehicles. It's a surprisingly complex operation!"

44 comments

  1. Surprising? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't really see how it's surprising that it's a complex operation to maneuver 400 tons of material, hurtling around the Earth ~8km/s, past various debris that may be no bigger than my fist.

    1. Re:Surprising? by jellomizer · · Score: 1

      Yea it couldn't be harder than kSpaceDuel right?

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  2. surprisingly complex by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    surprisingly complex? im not in the slightest bit surprised - i cant imagine how difficult operations like this would be. the calculations must be staggering...

    1. Re:surprisingly complex by eyenot · · Score: 1

      I might actually be trivial with practice, which is also (as you pointed out) not surprising. None of this is very surprising.

      I'm guessing if you wanted to add a visiting vehicle's thrust, you'd first have to re-calculate the center of mass given the attached vehicle, and then calculate how much thrust -- and in what direction -- from that vehicle will produce what angles of rotation around which axes.

      Not that I could do it all, but I think I might be close, and I can imagine the calculations that go into it and I am, frankly, not at all surprised even in an imaginary sense.

      --
      "Stratigraphically the origin of agriculture and thermonuclear destruction will appear essentially simultaneous" -- Lee
    2. Re:surprisingly complex by eyenot · · Score: 1

      * "I might" / "It might"

      --
      "Stratigraphically the origin of agriculture and thermonuclear destruction will appear essentially simultaneous" -- Lee
    3. Re:Surprisingly complex by SJHillman · · Score: 1, Offtopic

      Well, it's no moon...

    4. Re:Surprisingly complex by nospam007 · · Score: 1, Funny

      "I would have been surprised if it wasn't complex, its a space station"

      Exactly, it's not rocket science.

    5. Re:surprisingly complex by Bazman · · Score: 4, Funny

      Yeah, I mean it's not not rocket science is it?

    6. Re:Surprisingly complex by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      TFS was talking about the operation. Not the station.
      The station can be complex. The operation doesn't have to.

    7. Re:Surprisingly complex by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you kidding me? It's a man-made space station that weights 450000kg orbiting around Earth. The original poster was saying that he's not surprised the operation is complex given what's involved (The ISS).

      I can't tell if you're really an imbecile or if you're trolling.

    8. Re:Surprisingly complex by BenFenner · · Score: 1

      That was my first reaction too. After reading the article, I came away with a different opinion. Apparently there are lots of cats involved, you must be able to read palms, and counting rings in whale teeth is also involved. I won't get into all of the complexity, but I had no idea we were still thatching heat-shields.

  3. "conjunctions" ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Is that because when something gets smashed up there, they say, "BUT it's not our fault!"

    1. Re:"conjunctions" ? by TheCarp · · Score: 1

      http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conjunction

      1. the act or an instance of conjoining
      2. occurrence together in time or space
      3. b : a configuration in which two celestial bodies have their least apparent separation

      So.... you could say that the paths of an object like the ISS and one of these fist sized bits of junk meeting is.... them occuring at together in time and space; which would make them have the "least apparent separation" (none at all)....and would likely at least partially "conjoin" them (especially if the debris punched through the wall)

      --
      "I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
  4. Surprisingly complex by kcbanner · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I would have been surprised if it wasn't complex, its a space station

    --
    Obligatory blog plug: http://www.caseybanner.ca/
  5. So obvious by GeekWithAKnife · · Score: 1

    They use GPS!

    --
    A 'singular oddity' is an event that cannot be explained and only happens when you are alone.
    1. Re:So obvious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They don't need GPS, everyone knows that open space is EMPTY.

      duh'

    2. Re:So obvious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They probably do. Many satellites are tracked using GPS. I wouldn't be surprised if the ISS had GPS. Of course, you can't use GPS for space debris.

  6. Conjunctivitis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Let's just hope the ISS never experiences conjunctivitis! Hahahaha. I'll be here all day.

    1. Re:Conjunctivitis by aurispector · · Score: 2

      ...and here is a perfect example of why Slashdot is a moribund husk of it's former self.

      --
      I have mod points. The reign of terror begins now.
  7. Asteroids by Megane · · Score: 2

    How NASA Steers the Int'l Space Station Around Asteroids & Other Debris

    If the ISS is anywhere near an asteroid, then Houston, we have a serious problem. (Likewise, if an asteroid is anywhere near LEO, we also have a serious problem.)

    --
    #naabhaprzrag, #sverubfr-000, #agi-fcbafberq, negvpyr[pynff*=' negvpyr-ary-'] { qvfcynl: abar !vzcbegnag; }
  8. ANd, or... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conjunction

    1. the act or an instance of conjoining
    2. occurrence together in time or space
    3. b : a configuration in which two celestial bodies have their least apparent separation

    So.... you could say that the paths of an object like the ISS and one of these fist sized bits of junk meeting is.... them occuring at together in time and space; which would make them have the "least apparent separation" (none at all)....and would likely at least partially "conjoin" them (especially if the debris punched through the wall)

    ...and it's not our (NASA's) fault!

    See, it works with 'and' too.

    Letr's try 'or'...

    "It was either space debris or the Chinese doing anti satellite weapons testing."

    Yep, works with 'or' too.

    Is there ANY conjunction that it doesn't work with?

  9. Collision probability threshold levels by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 3, Funny

    One thing the article talks about is the various alert levels assigned to objects in that "pizza box" possessing a non-zero probability of collision with the ISS.

    Yellow: greater than 1 in 100,000
    Red: greater than 1 in 10,000
    Brown: greater than 1 in 2

    --
    #DeleteChrome
    1. Re:Collision probability threshold levels by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 3, Funny

      Brown: greater than 1 in 2

      Brown? Seems a strange colour to choose for impending... oh, got it.

      --
      systemd is Roko's Basilisk.
  10. Hopefully by rossdee · · Score: 1

    no asteroids are going to come as close to the earth as the ISS orbit.

    1. Re:Hopefully by DougOtto · · Score: 1

      It's space junk, not asteroids that present the threat....

      --
      Solving Unix problems since 1989...
    2. Re:Hopefully by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except of course for those that do fall on earth in a daily basis, are small, fast, and do a hell of a lot of damage if they hit something. Usually they burn up in atmosphere cause they are small in size, but their speed is in the order of 5000-25000 km / sec.
      You do understand that if something hits you at that speed it's size really doesn't matter. A 500g tennis ball sized asteroid traveling at 5000 km/sec posses 1,250,000 Joules of energy. This is about 2400 times more energetic than a bullet fired by a 9mm pistol. I guess nobody would like to get hit by that :D
      One consideration is how probable it is to get hit from something like that in about 400km from the surface of the earth (about where ISS flies, and where MIR used to fly). Well, this is a big discussion. But, there are "experimental" evidence that point out the probability:
      Take a peek at MIR's solar panels after some years in orbit: http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/337978/350wm/S6350053-Damage_to_the_Mir_space_station_s_Spektr_module-SPL.jpg

  11. Not hard at all by DougOtto · · Score: 1

    Sulu: "Z minus 1000m"

    --
    Solving Unix problems since 1989...
  12. asteroids? by snarkh · · Score: 1

    What would an asteroid be doing in a near-Earth orbit?

    1. Re:asteroids? by dpidcoe · · Score: 1

      Maybe NASA put it there and it was a classic case of the governments left hand not knowing what the right hand was doing?

  13. Re:moribund by DougOtto · · Score: 1

    Never use a big word when a diminutive one will suffice.

    --
    Solving Unix problems since 1989...
  14. Pysicists surprized by TheCarp · · Score: 1

    Afterall, the ISS can be assumed to be a frictionless point masss, as can any objects up there. The odds of two point masses colliding is so infinitesmially small as it must never happen, and if it was looking likely, you just model all the thrusters as a single force vector on the sphereical evenly distributed point mass.... simple.

    Sheesh, engineers always make things so complicated.

    --
    "I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
    1. Re:Pysicists surprized by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So that's what they meant about the sperial cow jumping over the moon...

    2. Re:Pysicists surprized by TheCarp · · Score: 1

      The only people more suprized by the hubub are the mathematicians... who can't imagine why you would care to continue once you prove that a solution exists.

      --
      "I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
  15. hmmm by Nrrqshrr · · Score: 1

    Alright, a stupid question, but what kind of thrusters does the ISS use? Excuse my limited imagination, but when I think of thrusters, I think of an engine burning something to move. Do the ISS's thrusters need constant refueling, in this case?

    1. Re:hmmm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes. Read about it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISS_Propulsion_Module

  16. Mario by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Don't just hit the "jump" button,eh?

  17. A blocker perhaps? by azav · · Score: 1

    Can we bring up and roll out a kevlar fabric style large mesh device that will orbit in front of the station at a far enough away distance so as not to obscure the field of view and act as an absorber of some of these floating objects?

    The idea is that it could be unfurled, catch items and when it is degraded enough, it is deorbited and crashes down into an ocean.

    --
    - Zav - Imagine a Beowulf cluster of insensitive clods...
    1. Re:A blocker perhaps? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1 - ISS could get hit from any direction - though a hit from an object overtaking it (ie. hitting it from behind) would be rare. Most objects in the lower part of LEO where ISS resides have relatively low eccentricity, or they'd have decayed already. So if they're nearly circular and cross ISS's altitude, then they're traveling at about the same speed, so not likely to overtake it. But crosstrack events are very common - so putting a shield "in front of the station" isn't going to do all that much good.

      2. No large deployable shield that we could hope to launch come anywhere close to absorbing the type of impacts in question.

  18. Int'l ... by YoungManKlaus · · Score: 1

    because writing "International" or simply ISS was too mainstream

    1. Re:Int'l ... by Dekker3D · · Score: 1

      Nah, this is a new space station created by Intel!

  19. KSP Trainer by neorush · · Score: 1

    Complex, meh, I've got hours orbiting Kerbals successfully....lets just not talk about the staggering number of dead ones.....pretty amazing when you think about what we're doing up there...and folks wonder why maintaining ISS is so pricey, just think about how many people it takes to edge ISS around something.

    --
    neorush
  20. It's not that complex... by osu-neko · · Score: 1

    Just time accelerate, and things will fly right through each other without damage. ;)

    --
    "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
  21. Need a tug. by WindBourne · · Score: 1

    Seriously, NASA needs to get a COTS out there for multiple tug/fuel depot. Considering the number of chemical and electric engines, they should be able to get 4 different ones produced. Perhaps allocate 100M or 250M per winner.
    However, to make this useful, they need to use LIDs for the interface. With this approach, it allows docking and berthing. Berthing is a strong connection, which is good for moving things around. Docking is ideal for short term connections, such as to a fuel depot, or a satellite.

    Ideally, with this approach, they could even build a multi-engine approach by simply putting in a base.

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  22. they dont have the money ... by YoungManKlaus · · Score: 1

    ... but lets ask google (GSS) ... or Apple (ASS ... how fitting), after all their new HQ will already look like an UFO, maybe it can also fly (who really read all the specs of that thing?)