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NSA Admits Searching "3 Hops" From Suspects

New submitter cpitman writes "In a house hearing Wednesday the NSA admitted that it could query not only a suspect's records, but also perform up to a 'three hop query'. Considering that most people in the world are separated by under 6 degrees of separation, the NSA essentially claims that any single suspect gives them rights to investigate a large chunk of the world's population. With the terror watch list having over 700,000 names, just how many times has Kevin Bacon been investigated?"

65 of 322 comments (clear)

  1. Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by intermodal · · Score: 5, Insightful

    At this revelation, it doesn't take a libertarian to point out that this isn't based on probable cause.

    --
    In SOVIET RUSSIA... erm...NSA AMERICA, the Internet logs onto YOU!
    1. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by vux984 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Oh I dunno. If a terrorist suspects real-estate agents daughter's mechanic fixes your car don't you think the NSA should have that information?

    2. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      I'm sure the NSA mentioned this sort of case in its request to the FISA court which then approved it.

    3. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Lendrick · · Score: 5, Funny

      "So what does that make us?"

      "ABSOLUTELY NOTHING! Which is what you are about to become!"

    4. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by sexconker · · Score: 4, Informative

      No, they shouldn't. And they don't, because that would take 4 hops.

      Suspect
      Real Estate Agent
      Daughter
      Mechanic
      You

    5. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Court rulings have excluded pen register records from the 4th amendment. Pen register records were records of what numbers had been dialed from a phone line and to a phone line. This will be the administration's defense of these practices in the just-filed court cases.

      These cases could go either way, but I expect the court to be skeptical about the government's current practices of routinely collecting this data on millions of Americans.

      We need to protest loudly, as these programs are also a gigantic waste of money. Any kind of analytics on this data would result in myriad false positives. The whole exercise is pointless.

    6. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by negRo_slim · · Score: 5, Funny

      What if the fucking Real Estate Agent knows the same mechanic her daughter uses? Use your fucking head.

      --
      On the Oregon Cost born and raised, On the beach is where I spent most of my days
    7. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by vux984 · · Score: 5, Informative

      Nope. The real estate agent is 1 hop. They pull all his records. The daughter is 2 hops. They pull all her records. The mechanic is 3 hops. They pull all his records.

      3 hops. The fact that the mechanic serviced your car will be captured, even though they never made the 4th hop to pull your records directly.

    8. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by TWX · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That just proves that it's more like Brave New World than it is like 1984.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    9. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by cold+fjord · · Score: 5, Informative

      You seem to have skipped over some key data.

      Terror watch list grows to 875,000

      As of December 2012, a factsheet from the center states, TIDE contained over 875,000 entries. Each one represents a known or suspected terrorist and includes all their known aliases and spelling variations on their name, the official said.

      Less than one percent, or fewer than 9,000, were Americans, including both citizens and legal permanent residents, he said, adding the center does not release exact numbers.

      That is a pretty small portion of both the US and world populations.

      --
      much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
    10. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by wbr1 · · Score: 3, Funny
      Why are you making me a suspect?

      Because lonestar, your my father's uncles cousin's brother's former roommate.

      --
      Silence is a state of mime.
    11. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Phrogman · · Score: 3, Insightful

      In order to simplify the FISA applications, the NSA has simply divided the world into 4 populations, and by means of this 3 hop capability, the application can simply read "Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3" or "Group 4", although there may be an "All of the Above" option, who knows.
      In any case the applications are stamped as Approved prior to being completed.

      --
      "The first time I got drunk, I got married. The second time I bought a chimpanzee, after that I stayed sober" Arian Seid
    12. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by ATestR · · Score: 2

      Throw in a Domino's pizza, and we can dispense with a couple of steps.

      --
      âoeAny society that would give up a little liberty to gain a little security will deserve neither and lose both.
    13. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by sjames · · Score: 2

      Now, let's apply the 3 hop rule to those 9000 and see how many non-terror suspects in America have their phone records examined (4 hops away will have some records examined as well, of course).

    14. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Jstlook · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Let's even just estimate:

      Facebook says most people really only associate with 30 'friends'.

      Hop 1: 9000 x 30 = 270k people.

      Assuming that those people have associates that overlap the existing list somehow, we arrive at:

      Hop 2: 270k x 15 + 270k= 4.32 million people

      With a conservative estimate of the last hop only adding another three to twelve people, you're still talking between:

      Hop 3: 4.32m + (4.05m x 3-12) = 16.47 million to 52.92 million people

      --
      ---jstlook ---For that is the way of Elves, for they say both yes AND no, and mean every word of it. --- J.R.R.T.
    15. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Nyder · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nope. The real estate agent is 1 hop. They pull all his records. The daughter is 2 hops. They pull all her records. The mechanic is 3 hops. They pull all his records.

      3 hops. The fact that the mechanic serviced your car will be captured, even though they never made the 4th hop to pull your records directly.

      And suddenly the mechanic becomes a "suspect" and they pull his records, and the peoples cars he's worked on records and the owners of the cars records.

      Rinse, repeat.

      --
      Be seeing you...
    16. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by MikeBabcock · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Use your own brains -- the NSA doesn't know who its interested in in advance, so they collect as much information as possible to use in later analysis once they find out who might be connected to a person of interest.

      --
      - Michael T. Babcock (Yes, I blog)
    17. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Kielistic · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I would assume you are low-balling quite a bit as well. As theory goes 6 hops will get you to anyone on the planet. Continental United States is probably much less than 6 degrees of seperation.

      If I were a paranoid man I might consider someone in the NSA knew this and calculated the least number of people necessary to cover every man, woman and child in the US while making the number they're following seem "small" (anyone not connected within the 3 hops is already flagged for being "anti-social"). I'm not actually paranoid though and I figure it's just harmful stupidity.

    18. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Brave New World is the hope and change part. 1984 is when it's going stale.

    19. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by ldobehardcore · · Score: 5, Informative

      Mod this guy up. The NSA may not be looking for you specifically, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't be mad as hell that they're violating everyone's rights. They aren't torturing you at a black site now, but they could if they wanted to, because they have conspired to make themselves above the law.

      --
      Hectice, baby, Mercator says hello to you
    20. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by icebike · · Score: 2

      Use your own brains -- the NSA doesn't know who its interested in in advance, so they collect as much information as possible to use in later analysis once they find out who might be connected to a person of interest.

      No, what it really means is that:

      The definition of a "person of interest" just got expanded to anyone 3 hops away from their original suspect.

      So your meta data, but no content of mail or phone calls (snort of derision) gets indexed because you emailed the same web store from which their original suspect bought shoes. And anyone else you emailed, or called, is also a person of interest.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    21. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by LordLucless · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Because we all know the population of the world is hierarchically organised into platoons...

      --
      Just because you're paranoid doesn't mean there isn't an invisible demon about to eat your face
    22. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by ragefan · · Score: 2

      I don't know about where you live, but here in Virginia, USA, most localities already provide GIS sites that provide the tax assessments and the amounts of the last few transactions on every property in the locality. So without hacking anyone's email you can see for yourself the "value" of a property. Of course "really worth" is what the buyer and seller agree on.

    23. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by phantomfive · · Score: 2

      Remember though that the number of connected people grows exponentially with each step, so 3 degrees is significantly less people than 6 degrees, by several order of magnitude.

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    24. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by 1s44c · · Score: 2

      They don't do this. I'm sorry but the NSA just isn't interested in you, your real estate agent, your mechanic, or his daughter. Don't be stupid people, use your brains.

      They are interested in who the suspect associates with, that's what the 3 hops are about. 3 hops from anyone will include a massive number of innocent people. Also don't forget the the starting point of these 3 hops are suspects, not convicted criminals, and nobody knows what causes the NSA to consider someone a suspect.

    25. Re:Can we discuss the fourth amendment now? by ldobehardcore · · Score: 2

      I don't disagree with the general premise that the NSA would resort to torture if they thought that it would be in their best interest.
      I'm stating that since the NSA isn't exactly a military organization (in a strict sense), and since the NSA is known for using applied science, it would know that torture (or more specifically pain driven interrogation such as water-boarding) doesn't give reliable results when it comes to intelligence gathering. It's a fine line. Overt torture causes the subject to say whatever they think will make the torture stop. Too mild, and the subject won't give up the goods. Legitimate interrogation methods are far more effective than torture in secret, when it comes to getting information vital to national security. It's been discussed in many venues and on multiple occasions that torture isn't effective in helping intelligence organizations do their jobs.
      The NSA has been so corrupted by the mandate of its task that it has decided to "gather all intelligence" but this is both simply infeasible (since one-time-pads and horribly inconvenient methods of encryption exist), and ultimately a waste of energy and time.
      They can record everything they wish, but I'm not sure it will make a difference in fighting terrorism carried out by those who have a moderate education in information security and encryption. Granted it's not particularly easy communicating in a way that's secure against a government organization bent on destroying all semblance of anonymity, privacy, or security in one's person and effects, but it's certainly not impossible.

      Sorry if I'm being too literal here. I just hate ambiguity. So I'm defining my terms.

      --
      Hectice, baby, Mercator says hello to you
  2. I think what's clear by DarkOx · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I think whats clear is that despite the apologists claims to the contrary; be they from the NSA, Administration, or Congress there was no effective oversize of these programs. Feel good political firewalls are not a strategy. Its a universal truth just about any information gathered will be turned to unintended ends. All it will ever take is some SOB come along and make the right excuses and justifications, creatively define a few terms and suddenly the laws governing the use of the data are meaningless.

    If we don't want our government to abuse this type of data the only solution bar them from getting it in the first place.

    --
    Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
    1. Re:I think what's clear by GumphMaster · · Score: 5, Funny

      there was no effective oversize of these programs.

      Actually, I think this programme is demonstrably oversized ;)

      --
      Patent litigation: A doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction... in which everyone seems willing to push the button
  3. It's 4.74, not 6 by cultiv8 · · Score: 5, Informative

    On the internet, it's 4.74 degrees of separation.

    --
    sysadmins and parents of newborns get the same amount of sleep.
    1. Re:It's 4.74, not 6 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      From the Wikipedia article linked in the summary, in the Mathematics section:

      Mathematicians use an analogous notion of collaboration distance:[33] two persons are linked if they are coauthors of an article. The collaboration distance with mathematician Paul Erds is called the Erds number. Erds-Bacon numbers are a further extension of the same thinking. Watts and Strogatz showed that the average path length between two nodes in a random network is equal to ln N / ln K, where N = total nodes and K = acquaintances per node. Thus if N = 300,000,000 (90% of the US population) and K = 30 then Degrees of Separation = 19.5 / 3.4 = 5.7 and if N = 6,000,000,000 (90% of the World population) and K = 30 then Degrees of Separation = 22.5 / 3.4 = 6.6. (Assume 10% of population is too young to participate.)

      From the Guardian:

      "Hops" refers to a technical term indicating connections between people. A three-hop query means that the NSA can look at data not only from a suspected terrorist, but from everyone that suspect communicated with, and then from everyone those people communicated with, and then from everyone all of those people communicated with.

      Inglis did not elaborate, nor did the members of the House panel – many of whom expressed concern and even anger at the NSA – explore the legal and privacy implications of the breadth of "three-hop" analysis.

      If each hop is broad enough to average 700 people, the entire US is covered by a single case. If you expand that to around 1700, you've got the entire world. That sounds like a lot, but consider:

      - Anyone you've ever associated with on any social media site.
      - Anyone you've ever been in contact with through email or phone contacts, even if it was accidental or one-sided.
      - Your entire family.
      - Neighbors.
      - Coworkers, maybe the entire company you work for.

      Who knows what the limit is and what else might qualify as a "hop".

    2. Re:It's 4.74, not 6 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem with your thinking is that the Dunbar number is limited by our brains. The internet and the NSA do not forget.

      Remember that guy who emailed you about that craigslist posting you put up a few years ago? No? Well, the NSA does.

    3. Re:It's 4.74, not 6 by hurfy · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Well, if we start here with my 2726006 closest friends.......

      (yes it's actually more but i can't find the number anywhere, that was the biggest ID within a few pages)

    4. Re:It's 4.74, not 6 by Aaron+B+Lingwood · · Score: 2

      On the internet, it's 4.74 degrees of separation.

      That's only of people on Facebook. In the us we have very few friends per person.

      This has nothing to do with friendship. It is connections in a network. These could be friends, acquaintances, family, your barista, your neighbour, your teacher.

      As far as the NSA scope is concerned, there is no requirement that a connection even requires a friendship or even any kind of social relationship. They simply need to connect 2 dots. Do you go to a certain gym on Thursdays? Now you have a connection with maybe 10, 50, or even 200 people. There is no social contract, it is not a cognitive connection. These are exactly the kind of networks the NSA are trying to analyze with its big data. In this case, N (or nodes) is likely in the range of 1,000 to 50,000 depending on your activity and city population.

      Let us ignore Facebook because we are not social whores. Think of every email (spam included), phone call, letter, text message you have made or received in the last year. Even for a complete loner, that could be 500 connections. What about 3 years? Ten?

      Humans make possibly millions of connections throughout their lifetime. Some of those become relationships. Some of those become friendships.

      --
      [Rent This Space]
    5. Re:It's 4.74, not 6 by Aaron+B+Lingwood · · Score: 2

      With the terror watch list having over 700,000 names, just how many times has Kevin Bacon been investigated?

      Statisticians, please reply!

      By no stretch of the imagination am I a statistician, but I thought I would share my back-of-the-napkin musings. Feel free to flame me over an errors.

      define L as the distance between two nodes
      define K as acquaintances per node (relationships/connections)
      define N as number of nodes (participating population)
      define T as number of terror suspects.

      While not actually needed, I am going to take a look at the math that made Kevin Bacon interesting. The original theory suggest 6 degrees. University of Milan suggests 4.74 degrees for Facebook. Six degrees of separation theory specifies 'by way of introduction'. This would require one to have a cognitive social relationship, so I will adopt the theories of Monkeysphere / Dunbar and set K as 150. Participating population (90% of actual population to exclude infants, etc) I will set as N(us)=300,000,000 and N(w)=6,400,000,000. T is, of course, 700,000 (or more). C is average number of connections to terror suspects.

      L(us) = ln N(us) / ln K
      L(us) = ln 300,000,000 / ln 150
      L(us) = ~19.5 / ~5.0 = 3.9

      L(w) = ln N(w) / ln K
      L(w) = ln 6,400,000,000 / ln 150
      L(w) = ~22.6 / ~5.0 = 4.5

      There isn't a lot of information available but I am assuming that a hop is simply a degree of separation. Time to work backward.

      L = ln N / ln K
      3 = ln N / ln 150
      ln N = 3 * ln 150
      N = e^(3 * ln 150) = 3,375,000

      So, for every person, and only considering cognitive social connections, there are 3,375,000 people connected within 3 hops.
      So what is the chance of being connected to a terror suspect (assuming a random network - which is not really the case - this is a napkin not a research paper)?

      Chance of being connected to a random person = Number of related nodes / Number of nodes
      Chance of being connected to a terror suspect = Number of related nodes / Number of nodes * T
      C = N / N(w) * T
      C = 3,375,000 / 6,400,000,000 * 700,000
      C = ~369

      So, on average, and of course influenced by the circles we travel in, we are each within 3 hops of not 1, but 369 terror suspects.
      What if we include your bus driver, teacher, lawyer, previous classmates, previous colleagues as being connected. Let us say K = 2,000
      C = e^(L * K) / N(w) * T = 875,000

      So, my shitty conclusion is that the NSA believe they can link every one of us to every, or almost every terror suspect on their list, at least once.

      Scary.

      --
      [Rent This Space]
    6. Re:It's 4.74, not 6 by sirlark · · Score: 2

      The problem with your thinking is that the Dunbar number is limited by our brains. The internet and the NSA do not forget.

      Remember that guy who emailed you about that craigslist posting you put up a few years ago? No? Well, the NSA does.

      Exaclty! It's not about friends, it's about associations. Share a bank branch? That's an association. Shop at the same flower store, just once? That's an association. So the Dunbar number is not applicable. This is about all the people, institutions, companies, and services we interact with even only sporadically. 3 hops in this environment is a huge number of people

  4. Congress is "angry" by SirGarlon · · Score: 5, Interesting
    The first paragraph of TFA is:

    The National Security Agency revealed to an angry congressional panel on Wednesday that its analysis of phone records and online behavior goes exponentially beyond what it had previously disclosed.

    If it's true that members of Congress are angry, that's favorable news! Maybe they can be persuaded to get off their butts and do something about this.

    --
    [Sir Garlon] is the marvellest knight that is now living, for he destroyeth many good knights, for he goeth invisible.
    1. Re:Congress is "angry" by sexconker · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The first paragraph of TFA is:

      The National Security Agency revealed to an angry congressional panel on Wednesday that its analysis of phone records and online behavior goes exponentially beyond what it had previously disclosed.

      If it's true that members of Congress are angry, that's favorable news! Maybe they can be persuaded to get off their butts and do something about this.

      They only thing they're angry about is the fact that people found out.

    2. Re:Congress is "angry" by cold+fjord · · Score: 4, Interesting

      If it's true that members of Congress are angry, that's favorable news! Maybe they can be persuaded to get off their butts and do something about this.

      If you review the Washington Times article it looks like Congress is of a mind to pare things back.

      Obama loses support for renewal of surveillance; NSA phone program will expire next year

      The lawmaker who wrote the USA Patriot Act said Wednesday that, as it stands, the House will never renew the provisions that the Obama administration uses to collect Americans’ phone records, meaning the government’s surveillance program will be cut off some time next year.

      Both Democrats and Republicans told top administration officials that they reject President Obama’s claim that the law allows the intelligence community to collect the phone numbers, time, date and duration of calls made by Americans, and they said Mr. Obama needs to change the way he is running the program if he wants to keep it intact.

      If they do cut back on surveillance it will probably be OK, for a while. Of course it won't just be surveillance that has been cut back. The Obama administration keeps killing terrorists instead of capturing and interrogating them which means a significant loss of intelligence information, and is one of the notable differences between Presidents Obama and Bush. (The reason: Obama doesn't want to be stuck with more prisoners and the messiness of trials. He doesn't want to use military commissions and the Congress and electorate oppose criminal law trials in civilian courts.) Beyond that, the Snowden revelations have already had the effect of causing terrorists to change their communications methods to avoid surveillance thus reducing intelligence even more. The combination of all three factors may lead to a significant loss of intelligence information.

      We'll see how it turns out. I won't be surprised if in the long run it turns out to be a riff on the old medical saw: The (intelligence) operations were a success, but the citizens died.

      --
      much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
    3. Re:Congress is "angry" by Guru80 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Of course members of congress are "Angry"TM, so "Angry"TM that they will make sure they let everyone that matters to their election know how "Angry"TM they are. They will even get all huffy and yell and tell the room they are so "Angry"TM and it isn't acceptable. Maybe even pound their fist and wag a finger all for the "Angry"TM dramatic flair....then go out for coffee and do absolutely nothing about it.

    4. Re:Congress is "angry" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      They're angry that they were lied to. They hate that. Most of them couldn't give a rat's ass about the actual data gathering.

    5. Re:Congress is "angry" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      We'll see how it turns out. I won't be surprised if in the long run it turns out to be a riff on the old medical saw: The (intelligence) operations were a success, but the citizens died.

      You really think that after all this country has been though, we're going to fall (or even worse: "...the citizens [die]") because of a few incompetent fools with explosive underwear and pressure cookers? Hell, if we had a 9/11 style incident (the worst attack on US soil) every day, it would take 291 years to kill all of the US citizens. That is a pretty pathetic threat to the US. Way more pathetic than the Cold War, which we were proud to keep our way of life throughout.

      I can't believe 9/11 turned us into such a bunch of pussies.

    6. Re:Congress is "angry" by ahadsell · · Score: 2

      We have to protect our phoney baloney jobs here, gentlemen! We must do something about this immediately! Immediately! Immediately! Harrumph! Harrumph! Harrumph!

    7. Re:Congress is "angry" by sociocapitalist · · Score: 2

      The first paragraph of TFA is:

      The National Security Agency revealed to an angry congressional panel on Wednesday that its analysis of phone records and online behavior goes exponentially beyond what it had previously disclosed.

      If it's true that members of Congress are angry, that's favorable news! Maybe they can be persuaded to get off their butts and do something about this.

      They only thing they're angry about is the fact that people found out.

      Or they are afraid that they themselves are being monitored along with the proles.

      --
      blindly antisocialist = antisocial
  5. This might be of interest.. by Shoten · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Foreign Policy had a fascinating article last month on how metadata analysis is used in terms of relationships between suspected "evil" people and known "evil" people. (The word "evil" in quotes to signify that for purposes of this topic, the definition of "evil" is unimportant.) The article talks about the challenges of fewer vs. more degrees of separation in link analysis; the new revelation that they go to 3 degrees throws it into even more perspective.

    http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/17/evil_in_a_haystack_nsa_metadata

    --

    For your security, this post has been encrypted with ROT-13, twice.
  6. "Admission" vs. Truth by CanHasDIY · · Score: 5, Interesting

    In a house hearing Wednesday the NSA admitted

    What cause do we have to believe them? They've been lying to us about surveillance for at least 8 years, probably much, much longer.

    Oh, right, we're just supposed to take their word for it, because they've been so goddamn trustworthy up to this point, haven't they?

    Fuck these pieces of shit. Disband their organization, and charge every single employee and contractor with high treason. It's the only way to make things right.

    --
    An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
    1. Re:"Admission" vs. Truth by HeckRuler · · Score: 2

      Yes, they specifically been found to be lying to congress. That's one of the reasons that Snowden blew that whistle. It became so obvious that they chose someone to be the fall guy.

      Now let's take that sacrificial goat and continue to dismantle the illegal program until they are no longer doing illegal activities.

      And no, he doesn't know what treason is.

  7. 50% by sberge · · Score: 2

    That's a lot of people. And they'll snoop on anyone who's "50% likely to be a foreigner". Given that more than 50% of Facebook's, Microsoft's and everyone else's users are foreigners, all their users automatically satisfy that criterion without any checks.

  8. What can voters do? by SoupGuru · · Score: 2

    I think someone needs to step up to let the voters know what they can do if they disagree with this stuff. The ACLU and EFF might be good candidates.

    How can we organize our votes to make this shit stop?

    --
    What doesn't kill you only delays the inevitable
    1. Re:What can voters do? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      Well, if there's D or an R next to a person's name on the ballot, don't fucking vote for them for starters.

    2. Re:What can voters do? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You can't. If you vote for a candidate that promises to be the most transparent administration in history, you get one that imprisons more whistle blowers than all other presidents in history combined. Voting won't change anything, and direct action will only get you labeled a terrorist. There's absolutely nothing that can be done. Democracy and the rule of law is dead in America.

      All we can do is sit around and wait for another Enlightenment, and then refresh the tree of liberty with the blood of patriots and tyrants.

      It's good to see further evidence/proof of something I said a few months ago, re: Americans having become apathetic beyond all reasonable doubt. Search for the word "apathetic" and read from there. The only ones we have to blame for this are ourselves. It doesn't matter if it's the 1% who control the country/make it corrupt, we're all still to blame for it in indirect and roundabout ways. The sooner we change our belief system -- that is, the belief and reliance on money -- the better off we'll become. (Really, take an hour-long walk and think about the big picture. You'll realise most idiocies today boil down to either money or religion; money is one we can choose to get rid of, or at least minimise its importance).

      I've asked peers of mine (who are in agreement) what a good first step in the right direction would be. The best answer I got was to bring back war gardens as a way of getting to know the people around you and helping one another out via non-financial means. It's a small step, but it's definitely a good step.

      There are other, more extreme (or major/dramatic) means citizens could take, but that apathy -- now starting to border on the equivalent of Korean han -- is what wins out every time. We'd rather sit around staring at out mobile phones like mindless zombified idiots and play Angry Birds than actually do something for the good of mankind (because yes, the United States has way too much bearing on mankind universally at this point -- another thing we should be ashamed of...)

    3. Re:What can voters do? by Immerman · · Score: 2

      So rally your disillusioned friends for the next election and vote straight third-party to send a message of dissatisfaction. Over half of US citizens didn't vote at all in the last election, so the victory threshold was only 25% of eligible voters, and not voting at all sends the message that we don't care and the politicians can do whatever they want. Even if we get some real wing-nuts into congress they'll be from all over the political spectrum, and the only thing they'll have in common is that they all know/suspect that they only got elected because of a massive groundswell of discontent with the established order and will likely only get a single term unless they really impress voters with their performance, which sounds to me like a great situation for citizens.

      More importantly, even if only a few third party candidates actually win it sends a message to the established powers that they can't keep ignoring the good of the people indefinitely without repercussions, which will perhaps reign in abuses for a while.

      Finally, as long as several third parties make a good showing, even without winning, it will mean that they will qualify for federal/state funding in the next election cycle, allowing them to compete on a slightly more even footing and help shape the political debate (and possibly even front somewhat more broadly palatable candidates if they believe they ave a chance of actually winning rather than just using the campaign as a soap box) .

      And yes, obviously the powers behind the scene will immediately attempt to corrupt the additional parties - but deep rooted corruption usually takes time to establish, especially in the more idealistic atmosphere that tends to surround third parties. If we can get even just a couple terms of reasonably honest representatives we could hope to undo a *lot* of tyrannical moves and possibly even set up some new safeguards.

      How about 24/7 live public webcam coverage of all congressmen?. Admittedly I don't see that happening any time soon, but why *not* expose lawmakers (and eventually all government officials) to public scrutiny that meets or exceeds that to which they wish to subject us? It answers the "who watches the watchers" question quite nicely

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  9. Guilt by Association by ttucker · · Score: 4, Interesting

    In North Korea, under the, "association system", up to three generations of a persons family can be taken permanently to, "a place to make a good person through reeducation", for that person's crimes.

    1. Re:Guilt by Association by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 2

      Bastards! Thank god the US limits forced thought crime reeducation camps to just the perpetrator (college campus thought crimes, businesses where people tell a dirty joke).

      Oh sorry. We libertarians have been gaining credence the past few months and I hadda go and say that. Sorry! Sorry sorry

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    2. Re:Guilt by Association by ttucker · · Score: 2

      Nah, I was just sharing an incontrovertible fact about North Korea. The rest of that stuff, you are correct that it is wrong, but congratulations because you also made it up.

      Then again, if we can lose our 4th amendment protections by association, one must question what other civil rights are subject to forfeiture by association.

      Here is a wonderful book that anyone wanting to know more about NK prison camps should read: http://www.davidrhawk.com/HiddenGulag.pdf

  10. What kind of connection? by gmuslera · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I.e. if the connection is "read something that a suspect may have posted in a site", we should be all in that list, plus everyone 2 hops away from us.

  11. Re:Unproven by geekoid · · Score: 2

    Yes it is.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-world_experiment

    A great study was done in 1929 as well.

    And the 6 degrees is getting smaller with the internet.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  12. 3-hop was NO legal limit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The owners of Slashdot once again resort to playing down the extent of NSA surveillance and abuse. So-called '3-hop' mining searches were used to prevent agents being swamped with far more 'connections' than they could ever think of processing. Actual NSA personnel were free to examine the details of ANY individual connected at any 'distance' to a named target, whether that meant '3-hops' or 30.

    Here's something you sheeple should consider. You happen to be the neighbour of a target, and even though innocent, you have unwittingly learnt things of interest to the intelligence agencies. If the target becomes aware you have been interrogated or co-operated with the authorities, the mission against the target is compromised.

    No problem to Team Obama. If the target is important enough, you will be secretly arrested, subject to 'enhanced' interrogation just in case you aren't quite 'innocent', and then disposed of (as in EXECUTED) so there is zero chance of the fact of your interrogation getting back to the target. You are the cattle, and if putting you down serves the interests of your masters, no-one is going to think twice about doing this.

    Now true, dying this way is as unlikely as a major lottery win, but the point you sheeple should b aware of is that your life has no value whatsoever to those that rule over you. What they have done to millions of civilians in the Middle East, they'll do to you and your family just as easily if they deem it 'useful'.

    Now the NSA track your vehicle movements almost perfectly with under-surface RFID readers (license plate reading cameras are only used to associate an actual vehicle with the fingerprint of the RFID chips embedded in your tires) - now the NSA tracks the locations of each citizen perfectly via their cell phones - now the NSA tracks your network of friends and associates almost perfectly via the social Internet services you use - now the NSA is focusing on plugging the last few holes in their total surveillance grid.

    Google Glass, The Xbox One, and Bill Gates' child database service form a massive three-headed attack by the NSA against traditionally 'difficult' intelligence targets.

    -Google Glass is designed to eliminate the idea of a 'private' conversation, and ensure that most people self-censor most of the time. Self-censorship means expressing views that toe-the-line promoted by authority, ensuring that everyone thinks that everyone else is a loyal supporter of the police-state.
    -Xbox One gets the world's most sophisticated bugging system into the homes of millions of citizens. A bugging system so 'clever' it knows when people are having sex by tracking signature skeletal movements of the people in the same room as the console.
    -Gates' database system that tracks every detail of every child's life in the most intimate detail is the most disturbing NSA project of all. Gates provides high-ranking sex offenders with the best possible intelligence for safely selecting victims. Then there are the pre-crime aspects, and also the ability to search for the most useful sociopaths for recruitment into command and control positions over the sheeple. Not least is the fact that when you control the kids, you control their parents.

    Look, to the question "how bad are things in the USA today?", the answer is "as bad as they could possibly be, with the active intention of having the future very much worse if all the political plans of people like Gates pan out".

    If you don't want to be treated as cattle, you had better learn how to stop behaving as cattle. Rejecting all propaganda emanating from the mainstream media is a very good start. No one in real power has you best interests at heart. They didn't 20,000 years ago. They didn't 4,000 years ago. They didn't 2000 years ago, or 1000, or 500, or 200. Whoever rules considers those that choose to live as sheep as beneath contempt. It isn't right, it isn't decent, but it is how it is.

    You can't fight the NSA at a higher level, but you can fight them in your daily life. Reject all

    1. Re:3-hop was NO legal limit by router · · Score: 2

      Scary that this would have elicited tinfoil hat jokes just six months ago. Now its probably true or on its way to being true. Except for the editorializing. UK was complicit in all of this, bugged everyone they had access to. Its global man, stop looking for scapegoats.

      You shouldn't bother with AC anymore, if they want to know who you are they can find out.

      andy

  13. two hops this time by raymorris · · Score: 2

    Citizen A (is a constituent of) Barak Obama (represents) Citizen B

    Viola, all US citizens are within two hops of each other.
    Remember it's the government who gets to define what "hops" means.

  14. Re:A precision by c0lo · · Score: 3, Informative
    Facebook

    “We found that six degrees actually overstates the number of links between typical pairs of users: While 99.6% of all pairs of users are connected by paths with 5 degrees (6 hops), 92% are connected by only four degrees (5 hops),” the Facebook Data team said.
    ...
    The average distance between all people on the site in 2008 was 5.28 degrees, while now [Nov 2012] it is 4.74.

    Twitter

    Our optimal algorithm finds an average degree of separation of 3.43 between two random Twitter users,

    --
    Questions raise, answers kill. Raise questions to stay alive.
  15. Re:Thats interesting by Rockoon · · Score: 2

    That puts everyone on slashdot within the 3 hop limit.

    Thanks a lot.

    --
    "His name was James Damore."
  16. Re:much of joe public doesn't care ... by shadowofwind · · Score: 2, Interesting

    If it got to the point where it objectively, undeniably mattered, like if you got arrested after having a suspicious pattern of Facebook connections for instance, then they'd be a bit more careful with their online activity. But they still wouldn't stand up for anything, and they wouldn't stand up for you.

    A few years ago I got arrested for something I didn't do, and several of my neighbors who knew I was innocent wouldn't help me with an affidavit. The police, prosecutor, and even my own lawyer didn't care if I was innocent or guilty either. It was really an eye opener, not at all like on Law and Order. Then when I left my DoD surveillance job for a 'worse' job elsewhere all I got crap from nearly everybody I knew too. Essentially, "it can't be wrong because everyone else is doing it." For the most part, the few people who expressed a little understanding in either situation were the same kind of people who would have agreed had I argued about NSA surveillance. But if the stakes were higher, I sense that most of them would disappear too. Morally, most Americans are not different from 1930's Germans. Not to say that the US government is fascist, just to say that people aren't the way they see themselves, and that after a half billion years of evolution people haven't changed much in 100 years.

  17. Why?!?! by kimvette · · Score: 2

    They had direct, specific information regarding those two douchebags who bombed the marathon, AND they are surveying ALL of our communications, sexually assaulting us at airports, and they still didn't put 2+2 together to prevent the bombing? We're not even exchanging essential liberty for security; we are exchanging our essential liberties for security theater.

    --
    The Christian Right is Neither (Christian nor right). See: Matthew 23, Matthew 25, Ezekiel 16:48-50
  18. I have thousands of FB twit and real friends by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 2

    I have thousand of Facebook, Twitter, Media, and other friends.

    You're all three hops from me. Every single person reading this.

    Millions of American citizens who may or may not agree with me.

    Three hops is unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment, unless you're a bunny.

    --
    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  19. Re:Six degrees of freedom by Whorhay · · Score: 2

    Show me someone that only has 100 contacts and I'll show you someone that hasn't left the newborn recovery area.

    I attended high school with over 100 people whom I knew by first and last name. Those people have scattered far and wide. In the meantime I spent two years livving at the opposite end of the country. Then I enlisted in the Military and traveled some more for six years. Then I got married and became associated with even more people who live all over the world. On Facebook I might have 60 "friends" but in reality I know hundreds if not thousands of people by name who are now or have been in the past scattered all over the world.

    You are right that many of the people we know, know a lot of the same people. But it doesn't take a lot to escape out of that, one contact from a different geographic region, church, socio-economic group and you are off in another burst of completely new contacts.