Tech Companies Set To Appeal 2012 Oracle Vs. Google Ruling
sl4shd0rk writes "In 2012, Oracle took Google to court over Java. In the balance hung the legalities of writing code to mimic the functionality of copyrighted software. The trial was set to determine how all future software would be written (and by whom). Oracle's entire case boiled down to an inadvertent 9 lines of code; an argument over a simple and basic comparison of a range of numbers. The presiding judge (who had some background in writing software) didn't buy it stating he had 'written blocks of code like rangeCheck a hundred times before.' A victory for more than just Google. This week, however, Microsoft, EMC, Oracle and Netapp have filed for appeal and seek to reverse the ruling. It's not looking good as the new bevy of judges Indicating they may side with Oracle on the issue."
Soon no one will be able to do stuff on their own, as they will be sued into oblivion just for thinking about something.
---- Booth was a patriot ----
Copyright covers creative expressions, not functionality. If I write code identical to yours given only a description of what the code should do, the code is not creative enough for copyright.
If you have the law, hammer the law. If you have the facts, hammer the facts. If you have neither the law nor the facts, appeal before a judge who has a never used a hammer.
If Slashdot were chemistry it would look like this:Cadaverine
They should pay me for using line numbers, I own the copywrite on that.
This is Slashdot. Hating on Lawrence is what we do here. Now go out and win one for the Gipper!
At trial, documents came out showing that Oracle thought about making a "Java phone" but never did. Controlled chuckles echoed through the courtroom, at which time the judge ordered the last few seconds to be stricken from the record.
Spent All My Mod Points
How many times have Microsoft, EMC, Oracle and Netapp implemented api's from other company's copyrighted software in their own code. Reversing this ruling will make their own code illegal.
In a perverse way, I hope they succeed in overturning the ruling and then proceed to loose all profits for the next few years. The stockholders of these companies should be swinging a very large axe in the 'C' level offices of this band of companies for even thinking of overturning this ruling. A win for Microsoft, EMC, Oracle and Netapp would pretty much destroy the viability of the software industry in the USA.
If I remember correctly, the original judge learned to code for this case and seemed to be quite knowledgable by the end of it, realizing that if APIs could be copyrighted, programming as we know it would pretty much be impossible. Now we have new judges that don't have that knowledge (presumably) and are thinking of reversing the decision. I'd like to know the grounds they'd be thinking of using for that reversal.
Nice to see Microsoft jumping in to help out Oracle. If you're a software developer, my personal opinion is taht you should do everything you can to stop people from buying anything from either of these two companies.
If a API's are copyrightable, then Oracle owe and awful lot of money to Microsoft for the API's in win.h As does every other company in the world.
So I assume there is some little deal between the two (Oracle and Microsoft) not to make each other pay if they get away with this scam?
You can see Microsoft is clearly trying to mislead the judges in their brief. e.g. Page 15.
http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/MSFT-Oracle-Brief.pdf
"Affirming the would needlessly undermine the foundation on which extensive and widely beneficial licensing ecosystems have been built throughout the software industry. Creators of software platforms from proprietary operating systems like Microsoft Windows ,Clustered Data ONTAP Enginuity and OneFS to open source platforms like Linux depend on copyright as lynchpin to their operation."
So everything you wrote for Windows, thinking it was your software that was built using win.h or similar API spec, then becomes part copyright Microsoft. If they fool the new judges then IT'S A BIG LANDGRAB for Microsoft and Oracle.
Yet they fool the judge into thinking it's a catastrophy if the definition of the API cannot be copyrighted, even if the code that implements that API *is* copyrighted. That is the reality now, it has always been the reality, yet they're trying to fool the judge into letting them take copyright over everything using their API.
No. Big companies buy up huge defensive patent portfolios, then when they end up infringing each other's IP, they just work out cross-licensing deals with each other; as long as a company has a big enough portfolio of relevant IP, they are pretty safe. It's all very cosy.
Who isn't safe is any new player trying to enter the market, who might as well give up, or at best hope to be bought by one of the established players rather than sued into oblivion.
Oh no... it's the future.
"This week, however, Microsoft, EMC, Oracle and Netapp have filed for appeal and seek to reverse the ruling."
This isn't quite right. The case is between Oracle and Google, the other companies have no standing. Instead, Microsoft, EMC, and Netapp have filed an amicus brief in support of Oracle. They're all companies who stand to benefit from Copyright protection on their APIs.
Isn't it ironic that a company like Microsoft would join Oracle in such a case. After all, Microsoft would not be the powerhouse they are today if not for the people who reverse engineered the original PC BIOS. If IBM had been successful in stopping those implementations of BIOS, then Microsoft would probably be a footnote in computer history since their software wouldn't run on other computers without BIOS compatibility. In a case like this, even the thought of writing a clean room implementation would prevent anyone from creating an IBM compatible computer. IBM and OS/2 would have dominated personal computing.
It proves the clean room wasn't clean, and that is the essential issue. And given Google's broader ethos is to copy first and request permission later, it demonstrates a lack of good faith in the overall licensing deal they weren't getting on the terms they wanted. So yeah, I would be pretty pissed off if I were Sun (ORACLE).
of prejudice? wouldn't the appeal on this be automatic?
Lose != loose
Pretty much, plus those guys (or at least MS and Oracle) have the money and lobbyists to be the law. "Why are you violating this poor company's copyr--oh hi, Microsoft, didn't expect the Christmas suitcase so soon! CASE DISMISSED. /gavel"
The overturn would be a massive win for (at least two of) those four and a(nother) loss for sensible copyright.
You can hold down the "B" button for continuous firing.
What's really lacking here is good quality black letter law about what copyright is supposed to do with respect to software. The courts are trying to fill a void left by our non-functional congress. The right way to be handling Microsoft's concerns is before a congressional subcommittee which can have a detailed hearings draws up legislation that goes to a committee....
I'm reading and stuff, but I'm not seeing a reason for appeal. Was there a technical error? I suppose there was that one bit about Alsup declaring APIs can't be copyrighted. I believe Alsup is right. But it doesn't advantage 'big software' in the least that people could be allowed to replace their software with something compatible... which, by the way, was something which I thought was established back when someone rewrote their own BIOS for a PC clone so long ago.
It's not surprising that the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals is looking to side with Oracle. They're notorious for favoring an absurdly over-broad interpretation of patent law, and have been described as a "rogue court". Fortunately, the Supreme Court has shown a great deal of skepticism for the Federal Circuit's decisions, and this crosses traditional party lines (many of the rulings overriding the FC were unanimous or near-unanimous).
My prediction is that the patent shills on the Federal Circuit will side with Oracle, but that the ruling will then be appealed to the Supreme Court, where it will be overturned, setting a binding precedent that APIs cannot be copyrighted.
Is it not possible simply to boycott these companies' products? To some extent at least
But Alsup's view will not be the final word on the matter. The App Developers Alliance, Rackspace, TMSOFT, and Stack Exchange support Google's position on this appeal. Microsoft, EMC, and Netapp filed a brief in favor of Oracle.
Good Guys
Google
The App Developers Alliance
Rackspace
TMSOFT
Stack Exchange
Bad Guys
Oracle
Microsoft
EMC
Netapp
Got it.
Another good reason not to use Java
Ugh...I miss Groklaw...
"pr0n": An anagram of "porn," possibly indicating the use of pornography. - www.microsoft.com
If Oracle succeeds in claiming copyright on the Java API then the next step is natural languages. Today an author can claim copyright on a story written in English. Claiming copyright on the Java API is like claiming copyright on the English language. Every Slashdot member who has ever written an article or even a comment would be liable for copyright infringement if this flies.
I do not know how to stop this insanity but there must be a way to stop big corporations from taking and claiming ownership of everything. This has gone far enough.
To Terminate, or not to Terminate, that's the question - SCSIROB
Patents yes but this is copyright.
I guess we have discovered that it takes a year to "influence" enough judges to bring your case back to court.
Why does Java have C's syntax? Java entirely ripped off the C syntax to ride on C's fan base.
If implementing your API based on another language API is a copyright violation, then I don't see why implementing your syntax based on another language's syntax isn't a copyright violation.
This whole case reeks of rent-seeking. It's disgusting and frustrating. Imagine how much faster technology would evolve if people competed by making better stuff instead...
The world of technology has always been a ruthless race, the ones that fall behind get gobbled up. But in the past decade the contenders are spending majority of their time trying to stab the other contenders instead of actually racing. Imagine in the Olympics, 100m dash, the runners are ready to run, the gun goes off.... and the runners start throwing dirt at each other's faces instead of actually racing. Sure, the runner who throws most dirt and kills the other runners will be able to get to the finish line first... but there will be no winners! EVERYONE loses!
Could be the point. Pretty much everything else has been offshored.
Speaking of C. This would just about make all the software Microsoft or Oracle ever wrote a copyright infringement. Because they used C or a derivative thereof.
"The more prohibitions there are, The poorer the people will be" -- Lao Tse
Lets take this a step further. I don't buy that this is simply a way to get Google to bend over a bit, there has to be more to this. Given that MS has a history of cut-throat tactics to ensure market share, I'm theorizing that this is going to be the start of another round of fighting with the *NIX community, including OSX.
Microsoft has turned it's war on Linux into a tradition, frequently claiming that assorted parts of Linux violate MS copyrights. The general response from the OSS community is "Put up for shut up." If this ruling is overturned, the battlespace changes. MS can claim rights to a lot of violations very easily. SMB, NTFS, and FAT all come to mind, I'm sure there are others. Of course, this door swings both ways, since Active Directory is basically LDAP with Kerberos and a few bells and whistles. Im sure Apple has incorporated or modified some software that belongs to MS, I know they've built on *NIX, since they are BSD based.
None of these OS companies have ever played nice with one another, it'll be interesting to see "Monkey Shit Fight '14: The Revenge"
Well if you agree with $85 Billion a month being printed and given to the 1%, along with this court ruling being overturned, and the NSA spying, I could understand you not wanting the GOP to stop anything.
If you are one of the other 99.5% of us, stopping the current DNC trampling on the middle class and rights MIGHT just be the right thing to do at the moment.
Microsoft, why I'm I not surprised they are behind this as well. So much for there PR, BS, over being supportive of open source. Great comments by you do not have any points and it is marked as a 5. At the same time Google has been a free loader off of other innovations, especially when it comes to open source software..
With Apple, and MS being in bed together, I would be surprised to find out Apple is quietly pushing for this to happen as well, seeing how both are facing an uphill battle with what appears to be an Android take over in the future.
And yet Obama and the rest of the politicians still talk out the ass about doing something, but even if they did, you know they will put giant loopholes in any reform so this stuff will continue.
From the TFA:
private static void rangeCheck(int arrayLen, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
if (fromIndex > toIndex)
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "fromIndex(" + fromIndex + ") > toIndex(" + toIndex+")" );
if (fromIndex < 0)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(fromIndex);
if (toIndex > arrayLen)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(toIndex);
}
This is crap. Either 'toIndex' actually means 'onePastToIndex', or the final if test should be if (toIndex >= arrayLen) .
Try calling this function with arrayLen=10, fromIndex=1, toIndex=10 -- no exception, despite the zero-based array's last element being index 9.
If you ask somebody to count from 1 to 10, do they stop at 9?
If you see the following prototype: int randomValue( int fromValue, int toValue), what is the highest value you would expect could be returned?
Identifiers should be named accurately! Bad identifiers like this make code unnecessarily difficult to read, and makes it easier for bugs to go unnoticed.
If the allegation is that Google copied this code, and they've replicated the bad names along with the trivial algorithm, it does seem likely they authored their version via cut & paste...
A defensive patent portfolio only works when the other company is infringing on your patents as much as you infringe on theirs. This doesn't work against trolls.
Oddly enough, the patent trolls may be the savior of us all.
I shudder to think it.
They want and entirely different interpretation of the law for just for this particular case a special interpretation just for them. After all they not little people are they? They are the gods of special privilege.
Anyone looking at this case can see that each side can be classified into one of two groups.
On Google's side, we have companies that are providing new products and innovating in the realm of engineering. Google alone has produced (sometimes through acquisition, but has continued to nurture and develop) Android, Docs, Search (PageRank), Hangouts, Adwords, News, and tons more. People get angry at Google for killing products that they actually use (nobody complained when the Kin or WinRT went away). Likewise, on their side they have companies like Rackspace, Red Hat, Stack Exchange, and a host of others who are still real engineering companies, who develop and promote the adoption of real engineering products which people actually use.
On the other hand, you have dinosaurs like Oracle, Microsoft, EMC, and so on who have more interest in killing competing products via acquisition, lititgation, EEE, and so on. Oracle alone has probably killed more products than it has successfully brought to the market (think OpenOffice and OpenSolaris, there are probably many more). And when they do try to innovate (think of all of Microsoft's failures for example), they fall flat on their face because they don't understand progress or real, sound engineering. But they're the first ones to jump into patent and copyright suits. Microsoft makes more money off Android than they do off their failed mobile efforts. They're not in the business to profit off progress - they're in it to profit off killing others. Google is by no means a saint in this respect, but they're certainly not pathological killers. Companies in this group are just parasites, sucking money out of the industry through shitty developers (shitty because they build upon these companies' shitty products), or through legal or business means including litigation, extortion, bribery, and conflict of interest.
Nothing will stop the companies on Google's side from continuing to innovate and do good in the world with the services they provide. But the courts will decide here whether they're strong enough to support them, or if they want to chum up with the dinosaurs and fight the good fight against continued progress and innovation.
I have left slashdot and am now on Soylent News. FUCK YOU DICE.
It still can't end well in the long run.
Say in this case they're succesful, say they manage to destroy Google with their patents, Google files for bankruptcy and is stripped down and sold off.
What do you think is going to happen to Google's patents? All it will take is a patent troll that has implemented no software itself to hit companies like Microsoft with them and Microsoft defensive patents will be 100% useless because the patent troll produces nothing useful to sue over.
Maybe Microsoft themselves will buy up the patents but that's going to get them into a massive bidding war and it's going to cost them hard and for what? Microsoft would have a choice - blow money on patents with no one to use them against meaning you're effectively spending money on patents you'll never be able to make any money back off of, or let them go to someone who can make money off of Microsoft by using them against them.
Then when that happens you'll see a whole industry arise, an industry in creating more patents for the single purpose of selling them for a fortune to Microsoft, or selling them to patent trolls.
It's not going to end well. Microsoft's defensive patent suits could only ever get it so far, then after that patents are going to be a massive net cost to them with nothing whatsoever to show for that cost.
"... claiming that assorted parts of Linux violate MS copyrights."
PLEASE stop confusing patents and copyrights. Microsoft has NEVER accused Linux of violating copyrights. (Perhaps you were thinking of SCO? ;)
Side note, I miss PJ...
Quaetions tell you what part of the lawyer's arguments need expansion. Sometimes that can mean "you guys need to respond to this" (decision about to go one way), and sometimes questions can mean "are you really serious about this?" (decision about to go the other way).
They use witnesses to get facts, experts to get facts and expert opinion, and lawyers to get logic, then apply facts to the logic and expert opinion. If they were programmers, they'd be doing a transitive closure on ((facts + opinions) * logic) and pruning off all the branches that evaluate to "factually wrong" or "invalid logic". What comes out are prospective solutions, which then get pattern-matched against rules of law and legislation, looking for a fit (:-))
When there isn't a unique answer, they probe for more facts and logical arguments. Thus the questions.
--dave (not totally seriously, but close) c-b
davecb@spamcop.net
You can copyright an implementation of a language, but you cannot copyright the language itself. This view is more completely settled in EU law, but there are US cases that have reached the same conclusion.
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~aho/cs6998/lectures/11-10-11_Zimmeck_ProtectPL.pdf
http://the1709blog.blogspot.com/2013/01/sas-v-wpl-programming-languages-not.html
http://www.out-law.com/en/articles/2013/january/computer-programming-languages-should-not-be-viewed-as-copyrightable-says-high-court-judge/
This is actually targeting open source. After all, if you can't see the source code, you can hardly say it was "copied" - therefore, you have to protect your software by never letting anyone see the source. Problem solved!
Microsoft never seeks to put its competition out of business. It wants them there
1. As monopoly insurance
2. As a source of ideas to copy
What they do seek to do is ensure that all their competitors operate on the same business model as Microsoft. i.e. writing and selling software with periodic incompatible upgrades that force everyone to buy their software again and again. This is the model Microsoft spent 30 years building monopolies to support, and they know they can win against anybody else operating on this model. But the internet has thrown some big wrenches into it
Open Source bugs them, but since it generates no serious direct revenue, they have a pretty easy time fighting there. After 20 years, OpenOffice still hasn't put much of a dent in Microsoft's software revenue stream. Microsoft can keep prices just low enough to make the free stuff just incompatible enough to be not worth the bother to most users - or at least most users that are willing to pay for an office suite. And a big advertising and lobbying budget doesn't hurt when the competition has neither.
On the other hand, Google perfected the advertising-supported software model. Their model makes tons of money, and when used to fund loss leader free software, it drives Microsoft nuts. Google Docs doesn't hold a candle to OpenOffice functionality or price-wise, but it was enough to bring Office 365 into being. And that's Google's general direction - show that it's possible to compete with even a behemoth like Microsoft when you adopt the web-based paradigm. Web-based apps are probably not as 'good' as desktop apps, but the ease of deployment makes them a win in many cases nonetheless. And then there's Android. The first application of this model to become a viable platform competitor to Windows. Google must be stopped!!!! iOS was never a threat. Apple could keep it's 15% market share, while serving as Microsoft's R&D department. That was the old model, and it seems pretty quaint today.
Posted from my Android phone. Oh, I can change this? There, that's better...
Sorry, doesn't work that way. The ruling would be selectively enforced and those companies would magically not be prosecuted.
That must be why every android device owner has indirectly given Microsoft $5 per device for a trivial change to the existing FAT file-system just to be able to handle MS's long filename addition?
You're worried about the *Democrats* giving more money to the 1%? AHAHAHAHAHAA
Sigh...
Unity? Screw that: XFCE. Slashdot Beta? Screw that: SoylentNews. Australis? Screw that: Pale Moon. UX developers DIAF
Nothing the judges said indicates that they may side with Oracle on the overall issue (there was back and forth, and teasers in both directions on that). The one clear indication given was that the judges lean toward saying that if they overturn Alsup on APIs being copyrightable, they agreed with Oracle that there's not a need for another jury trial.
"Ahh! I see you're in that indeterminate Schrodinger state where - oh, uh
...When I saw those nine lines of code. Talk about grasping at straws. I just hope that the next trial won't be the best legal decision money can buy.
Which part of $85 billion a month is confusing you?
Thats over $1 trillion per year.
Werent the democrats up in arms over the entire Iraq war costing $800 billion over 10 years? Werent they up in arms over some Republican-supporting private interests such as Haliburton catching some of that $80 billion per year?
So now we are talking about the Democrats pushing money at banks and corporations at a rate that is over 10 times what they were up in arms about when Bush was on office... and when we don't hear crickets from them, we hear excuses.
"His name was James Damore."
Yeah, vote 'em all out, Democrats and Republicans alike.
Unity? Screw that: XFCE. Slashdot Beta? Screw that: SoylentNews. Australis? Screw that: Pale Moon. UX developers DIAF
This is a paid for industry puff.Appeal is only on grounds of Law, which Alsup was scrupulous to adhere to. Appeal Judges almost never overrule the original trial Judge on Fact.
...why Google did not buy Sun?
It might be the most boneheaded indecision when the whole Android platform is built on Java.
Tat Tvam Asi
This is not arguing that the language is copyright, but the standard library API. Thankfully the C standard library API is an ISO/IEEE standard, and so is C++, but many, many other libraries are not. Be prepared to have lots of old, failing tech companies come out of the woodwork looking for money... For example, XMLHttpRequest(): is it properly standardized? Not really. Could Microsoft sue? Why do you think they are supporting Oracle... Is it critical to the Web? Yes.
Regards,
-Jeremy
Application Programming Interfaces are like forms - you fill one out and hand it to something to get work done. Then someone hands you back a response. If the Java APIs can be copyrighted then so can the layout of forms. Except US law says forms cannot be copyright (says Wikipedia):
37 Code of Federal Regulations  202.1(c) (2006) ("Blank forms, such as time cards, graph paper, account books, diaries, bank checks, scorecards, address books, report forms, order forms and the like, which are designed for recording information and do not in themselves convey information [are not subject to copyright]"); see also Baker v. Selden, 101 U.S. 99 (1880).
This is just another example of adding "on a computer" and claiming it is something new.
Regards,
-Jeremy
Microsoft, EMC, Oracle and Netapp
Pestilence, War, Famine, and Death
Somehow seemed to fit.
When all you have is a hammer, every problem starts to look like a thumb.
I hope they succeed in overturning the ruling and then proceed to loose all profits for the next few years.
Set their profits free? You mean what, give the shareholders a bigger dividend?
seriously, someone do some research, find who their relatives are, and assfuck anyone in their families (their families willing of course - we're not talking rape). take photos of the whole ordeal, then release them on the internet. Then everytime the court makes a dumb decision, point to how everyone is assfucking their families and that their judgement should not be trusted because of this fact.
if Oracle wins. I think Oracle's entire business model was based of stealing from IBM. After that they should sue HP (who bought Compact) for reverse engineering the BIOS. IBM will be the only legal source for PCs. Or does Lenovo now own that? It would be funny if Lenovo was the only PC legally sold in the US.
This is a copyright issue, not a patent issue. Their defensive patents won't be of much use. Companies will have to start bulding massive copyright defense portfolios. The first sued will be the dead examples to the ones who follow.
Microsoft even helped perform interoperability testing for Samba4:
https://www.samba.org/samba/news/releases/4.0.0.html
You are right about a whole new industry arising. It just won't be in America.
Most APIs are not unique. In most cases, the same API structure is used for many other purposes in other programs. But back in the late 1960s there was another reason to copy APIs, and that was to replace the module using it. In a simple example, assume a program called jobctla.dll that has a single API. I might have renamed jobctla.dll, with it's single API, to jobctlax.dll, and then replaced the original with my own jobctla.dll that did something new and eventually passed the same API parameters to the old jobctlax.dll. One common example of this was in early job accounting routines, where I would parse out additional account numbers, user ids and other info in a job card before it was passed on to the original job control processor.
Just how many possible sequences of code are there to initialize a few registers. Actually the manufacturer of the part has sample code to initialize the chip that happens to be copyrighted itself. They probably won't sue you if you are buying their chips, but what happens when some smart guy designs a chip which is cheaper and plug in compatible. Lets take that a step further. There was a time people were building new devices and new drivers had to be written. But once Microsoft bundled drivers for all the commonly occurring hardware, clever designers learned to build cheaper hardware that was register compliant so the built in drivers would work. Anyway, just how many variations of code output bytes to a hart when the TBRE flag is set?
Does Microsoft not know that if Oracle wins the appeal, MS can be sued for tens of millions of dollars for its copying the structure of many libs such as berkley sockets?
I guess it is true that Microsoft is trying to commit suicide.