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FISA Judges Oppose Intelligence Reform Proposals Aimed At Court

cold fjord writes "The LA Times reports, 'Judges on the ... surveillance court have strongly rejected any proposed changes to their review process ... In a blunt letter to the House and Senate intelligence and judiciary committees, U.S. District Judge John D. Bates made it clear that the 11 judges on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court are united in opposition to key recommendations by a presidential task force last month ... their skepticism adds to a list of hurdles for those advocating significant reforms following former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden's massive disclosures of domestic and foreign surveillance programs. ... Obama and some intelligence officials have publicly signaled support for creating an adversarial legal process in the court ... and aides have suggested the president will create an advocate's position or call for legislation to do so ... But Bates disagreed sharply, arguing that "the participation of an advocate would neither create a truly adversarial process nor constructively assist the courts in assessing the facts, as the advocate would be unable to communicate with the target or conduct an independent investigation." Adding an advocate to "run-of-the-mill FISA matters would substantially hamper the work of the courts without providing any countervailing benefit in terms of privacy protection," he added.' — The Hill adds that Bates, "... recommended an advocate chosen by the court, rather than an independent authority, for only a limited number of cases. " — More at Computerworld and NPR."

35 of 187 comments (clear)

  1. EMBRACE YOUR SURVEILLANCE! by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 3, Insightful

    You'll be crushed, either way. The ratchet turns only one way.

    --
    "Flyin' in just a sweet place,
    Never been known to fail..."
  2. It's rigged by Astro+Dr+Dave · · Score: 5, Insightful

    If they're against an adversarial process, that suggests that the FISA court is not a neutral party. While I agree that it is inadequate, a third-party advocate for civil liberties would be better than the nothing that we have at the moment.

    I'm suspicious of an advocate chosen by the court. Fox guarding the henhouse?

    Then again, I'm also suspicious of secret court proceedings.

    1. Re:It's rigged by NewWorldDan · · Score: 4, Insightful

      They're judges. It's not their job to make policy. If they're all united against reform, then they all need to be removed from the court. Then again, the FISA court should be disbanded anyway. I can hardly think of anything more un-American than secret courts.

    2. Re:It's rigged by Obfuscant · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If they're against an adversarial process, that suggests that the FISA court is not a neutral party.

      You didn't read the summary. They aren't against "an adversarial process", they're against a process that won't actually create the adversarial process that the proponents intend it to.

      As it says in the summary, the judges believe that adding an "advocate" won't create an adversarial process and won't add any significant amount of information to be useful in the judicial process, because the person appointed to that role won't be able to do any investigations or even contact the suspect.

      Here's a car analogy: you take your car into the shop because the brakes aren't working well. The mechanic says "your brakes aren't working well, I need to change your air filter and add a speed governor to your car so you can't go faster than 45 MPH". You say "no". What, are you against having working brakes? Of course not, you're against paying for "fixes" that don't fix the brakes.

    3. Re:It's rigged by Qzukk · · Score: 2

      To be fair, the judge is saying that what is being recommended is not an adversarial process, and he's right.

      I don't have any better suggestions though.

      --
      If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
    4. Re:It's rigged by steelfood · · Score: 2

      They bring up good points. But their solution, to do nothing at all, is unacceptable. Would they perhaps prefer to outright dissolve the secret nature of the court, seeing as that would be the only solution to their concerns? Perhaps they should rule that secret proceedings where the accused is unable to face his/her accusers are outright unconstitutional, that the existing warrant-granting procedure is more than sufficiently secretive in nature that the FISA courts provide no additional benefits, but incur a much higher cost to our founding principles of freedom and civil rights.

      --
      "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
    5. Re:It's rigged by CanHasDIY · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If they're against an adversarial process, that suggests that the FISA court is not a neutral party. While I agree that it is inadequate, a third-party advocate for civil liberties would be better than the nothing that we have at the moment.

      I'm suspicious of an advocate chosen by the court. Fox guarding the henhouse?

      Then again, I'm also suspicious of secret court proceedings.

      I think of it this way:

      The Constitution, which cannot be superseded by anything other than a Constitutional Amendment, states in her Fifth Amendment [emphasis added]:

      No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation

      As well as in the Sixth Amendment:

      In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

      Therefore, as no Constitutional Amendment has thus far been passed that would negate the Fifth and Sixth, then the FISA court and all its decisions are de facto unconstitutional.

      --
      An enigma, wrapped in a riddle, shrouded in bacon and cheese
    6. Re:It's rigged by afidel · · Score: 4, Informative

      Considering the court rubber stamps 99+% of garbage put in front of them it's pretty obvious that their oversight is inadequate, even the most tough on crime judges in general criminal courts don't approve that high a percent of warrant requests.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    7. Re:It's rigged by Obfuscant · · Score: 2

      Therefore, as no Constitutional Amendment has thus far been passed that would negate the Fifth and Sixth, then the FISA court and all its decisions are de facto unconstitutional.

      If the glove doesn't fit, you must acquit!

      The fifth and sixth are not relevant since the FISA court isn't holding anyone "to answer" or creating "double jeopardy", nor is it dealing with any criminal prosecution. Their decisions are not, thus, defacto unconstitutional based on the fifth or sixth amendments.

      What the FISA courts do is issue warrants, so if you want to argue fourth amendment issues, ok.

      As for the GP saying he's skeptical of court appointed advocates, well, the courts have a long history of appointing advocates. In fact, "if you cannot afford one, you will be appointed one prior to questioning." Miranda.

    8. Re:It's rigged by Astro+Dr+Dave · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Fire them and throw them into jail.

      A federal judge will never go to prison for rendering judgments favorable to the administration.

      Soap box, ballot box, jury box... all have been subverted or suppressed to the point of failure. Massive protests? We had some a couple years ago, they were shut down by riot police. Elections are subverted by the money and connections necessary to get your name on a ballot. The jury box is of little utility. The role of a jury today is lessened from what it once was. The DoJ is more interested in prosecuting whistle-blowers while declining to prosecute bankers or even investigate documented illegal acts within the Executive branch, past and present. Hell, Holder even thinks he can justify extra-judicial killings of Americans.

      "America is at that awkward stage. It's too late to work within the system, but too early to shoot the bastards." -- Claire Wolfe

      The "awkward stage" ends when the populace is more concerned with civil rights than American Idol. I don't see that happening yet. It might be possible to reign in some abusive practices without violence, but the more time passes the more difficult that will be.

    9. Re:It's rigged by Ken+D · · Score: 2

      You're right, it's not nothing. It's a fig leaf.
      Because obviously, if they can figure out which of these limited cases are so special, they could give those cases extra thought today, without any changes.

      The FISA judges judgement is suspect. Putting anything under their discretion is NOT an improvement.

    10. Re:It's rigged by Dahamma · · Score: 2

      What are they issuing warrants on, if no one has been charged with a crime? That in itself is a Constitutional violation.

      No, it's not. There is nothing in the Constitution that requires someone be charged with a crime to issue a warrant. It just requires probable cause and the place/thing s to be searched or seized.

      I don't think most people here necessarily disagree with your outrage, but none of your points have had any significant basis in Constitutional law so far. Less emotion and more logic required to win over this crowd :)

      And before you mention probably cause again the real issue is NOT that there is no probable cause or that there are specifics mentioned in the warrant - you can't argue that because that's the whole point, it's classified, so of course you have no idea what they contain. And THAT, in fact, IS the real issue: no one except the FISA court can even debate the Constitutionality of the warrants since they are the only ones who get to see them. And unfortunately there is nothing in the Constitution that says the warrants have to be public, so right now it's all up to the procedure/policy of those who issue the warrants (the Executive branch) and those who grant them.

      Then again - we the people can modify the Constitution with enough support if people *really* care, we should change it rather than just debating things that aren't currently in it...

    11. Re:It's rigged by Nethemas+the+Great · · Score: 2, Informative

      Maybe I am lacking insight because for the life of me I cannot grasp how you are being modded "insightful". You're just waving about the Constitution, pointing at unrelated articles. With respect to the FISA court and its proceedings, no person is being held for crimes, no person is being placed in double-jeopardy as by reason of the previous, no person is being compelled to confess to a crime, no person is being executed, neither constrained, nor subject to forfeiture of property. There are no criminal prosecutions taking place in the FISA court and therefore has absolutely nothing to do with either the fifth or sixth amendments.

      The FISA court signs warrants for surveillance. Of which electronic surveillance must be constrained to foreign parties or agents of foreign parties with a requirement that the involvement of U.S. citizens is shown to be minimized. Physical surveillance must be constrained to property used exclusively by foreign parties. In other words, in many cases the U.S. Constitution isn't even applicable since the surveillance warrants issued by the FISA court are not even dealing with U.S. Citizens. With respect to cases involving U.S. Citizens the court is fulfilling its fourth amendment duty to issue warrants after probably cause has been shown.

      --
      Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once ... with negative results.
    12. Re:It's rigged by Nethemas+the+Great · · Score: 2

      FYI - the fact that America has a "court" that is not open to public scrutiny is blatantly unconstitutional, no matter what rationale you try to use to justify it.

      Citation required. It may not fit your patriotic--don't tread on me, wave my flag in one, Constitution in the other--definition of "American" but I certainly do not see how a closed court is unconstitutional. For that matter closed proceedings are actually quite common. For instance when was the last time you got to sit in on a case where a juvenile is the accused?

      --
      Two of my imaginary friends reproduced once ... with negative results.
  3. Shocking by josephtd · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Organization accustomed to operating in secret resists the notion of having a potential opposing viewpoint to consider. I understand that they feel this suggested reform indicated the American people have decided they do not trust in the impartial judgment of this panel. Perhaps we should just remove the defense attorney from criminal proceedings as well. That should clear out the case backlog, I mean obviously Federal judges are beyond reproach. Let's kill the appellate courts while we are at it too. That should save time and money as well.

    1. Re:Shocking by TubeSteak · · Score: 2

      Perhaps we should just remove the defense attorney from criminal proceedings as well. That should clear out the case backlog,

      Something like 80%~97% of ALL criminal cases are settled by plea agreement.
      (Depending on the jurisdiction and specific court)

      Traffic and misdemeanor courts have similarly high rates of plea bargains or guilty pleas.

      If there's a backlog in the court system, it's entirely because of underfunding.

      --
      [Fuck Beta]
      o0t!
  4. From the article... by cayenne8 · · Score: 2

    Adding an advocate to "run-of-the-mill FISA matters would substantially hamper the work of the courts

    Hey...it's a start.

    --
    Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    1. Re:From the article... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      Correct. These are the same corrupt judges that granted the wide open warrants. Warrants that are exactly what the bill of rights was meant to prohibit. These judges have no respect for the constitution and they haven't had for a long time.

      It's not just that their opinion doesn't count. It's that there are strong reasons to believe that their opinions are diametrically opposed to the correct ones.

    2. Re:From the article... by icebike · · Score: 4, Interesting

      "Secret court wants to remain secret.". Film at 11.

      The judges were originally placed there to prevent abuse, and protect the public from abuses, and in short, to serve as an advocate for the citizens. Now, when they have been hopelessly co-opted by the intelligence community, they argue that this very role has no validity, and the vehemently object to any watch dog looking over their sholders.

      While I agree with the judges that
      " Adding an advocate to "run-of-the-mill FISA matters would substantially hamper the work of the courts without providing any countervailing benefit in terms of privacy protection," its clear that this would ONLY be true because they, and the spy agencies they serve, would see to it that it was true.

      These guys aren't interested in protecting the citizens or the constitution. They are interested in protecting their asses, because they have authorized so many illegal acts on a routine basis that they fear serious jail time.

      Start with impeaching these judges. Then work your way down.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    3. Re:From the article... by turp182 · · Score: 2

      I can't blame them for coming out against the suggestions. It's a simple situation where self-preservation/job security is at risk. Would one expect them to suggest that their jobs are not important and required (or inherently illegal being in violation to the Constitution to the United States)?

      I'm sure the legality of their actions and their interpretation of the Constitution to the United States is something they consider. At the same time they don't want to voluntarily tarnish or ruin their careers or legacy. Again, I can't blame them.

      The fact is, the judges involved shouldn't have a say in what happens, and I would have appreciated their opinions NOT being made public. In fact, their opinions should NOT have been released to the public.

      Why? The judges are cogs in the actual system being evaluated/examined. The analysis should be handled by external parties ('tis difficult to find Constitutionally based reviewers - who doesn't want the power???) and the results should be made public and be very detailed (I would like to see the government be one step ahead of the next Snowden release, one can dream, go Snowden!, keep letting us know what is going on).

      People in a system will almost always support the status quo (Snowden is the perfect example of an individual willing to risk everything to expose the truth with evidence, imagine the moment he made that decision and how difficult it had to have been).

      It's just human nature.

      --
      BlameBillCosby.com
    4. Re:From the article... by turp182 · · Score: 4, Informative

      I know and agree, but human nature trumps honor almost every time.

      Not going Godwin I believe, but Nazi Germany is a terrible, but very valid, example of this. The need for self-preservation kept those against the atrocities from revolting, to their benefit (equation, keeping quiet or escaping to the US from Europe = LIFE, anything else = DEATH).

      Realizing that this is rational, regardless of ethics or actual understanding, exposes a core fault in human evolution, if we expect everyone to act in the best interest of those around us (society).

      We may know that something is wrong, but we would probably support it if it is to our benefit; shoot, we would support it even if there is just the perception of a benefit (this perception comment explains Republican/Democrat lifetime supporters, eyes closed, perceiving something better, but never tired of getting let down...).

      Fact: Perception = Truth, unless one is doing a physics experiment.

      I'm positive the judges in question didn't plan, early in their careers as lawyers, to eventually betray the ultimate law of the land. But years and decades of "this is how it works" twists one perception of how things should be, and then they were presented with a "fantastic opportunity to support National Security". Consider the Commerce Clause, one of the most abused sections of the Constitution (not relevant to current discussion, but the perfect example of where the Supreme Court fails consistently).

      It comes down to: No one involved in the Status Quo wants it to change. They are used to it and/or enjoy the benefit so of it. It is their reality.

      Again, it is human nature. But I also agree, those involved do not deserve the title of "Judge".

      As you do, I find the mod point requirements a bit tedious (preventing mod points on any thread one is involved with would seem sufficient...).

      --
      BlameBillCosby.com
    5. Re:From the article... by davester666 · · Score: 2

      Stop putting your hand between the rubber stamp and the warrant!

      Really! I can only stamp so many between the hours of 9 and 12 before I leave for golf, and you are just slowing me down.

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
  5. Zero sympathy by epyT-R · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So an advocate would not benefit the process? Then the process is broken. In the interests of protecting innocents from government overreach, dissolve the FISA court.

    I'd like my rights, freedoms, and liberties back please. I don't need or want you or your 'protection.'

    1. Re:Zero sympathy by Obfuscant · · Score: 2

      That's right. So, it's useless, and the FISA court is useless.

      Your first claim is correct. Your second claim is not supported by the first. The idea that an advocate who can do nothing substantial to advocate making his appointment useless doesn't make the entire court useless.

      Sane justice includes representation by all parties involved being present and publicly accountable.

      The court being discussed is the FISA court. It's not a court where people stand accused of a crime or seek "justice". It's a court where the government gets search warrant requests approved.

      If you think all parties are involved, present and accountable, whenever a regular search warrant is issued, you are hopelessly underinformed. The party seeking the search warrant goes to the judge, swears his information is good, maybe has someone to support the claims, and the judge signs off. If you think there's a call to the subject of the warrant saying "hey, you need to come to court to defend yourself against this warrant", you're wrong. Were that to happen, the first thing that would occur is the suspect destroying the evidence, then getting in the car to go to court.

      The only "representation" comes after the fact when the lawyers get to argue whether the warrant should have been issued, but before it happens, no.

  6. Hold on there... by Charliemopps · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Everyones screaming at the Judges, but read what they're saying:
    "the participation of an advocate would neither create a truly adversarial process nor constructively assist the courts in assessing the facts, as the advocate would be unable to communicate with the target or conduct an independent investigation."

    REALLY read that. I read it as saying "You're trying to send an advocate to make this appear like it's an adversarial process. But it's not. This will still be a rubber stamping process until you send in a REAL advocate."

    i.e. If there are going to be reforms, then they need to be real. Reforms like this (that achieve nothing but make the people think somethings been done) will only increase their workload. With no added benefit to the target of the NSA.

    1. Re:Hold on there... by Astro+Dr+Dave · · Score: 4, Informative

      The judges know that a true adversarial process is not on the table - and never will be. They aren't calling for real reform. Mostly they are worried about their workload. This is all spelled out in the actual document which you can get here They don't want an advocate or adversarial process, because it wouldn't change anything.

      Here is the full quote: "The participation of a privacy advocate is unnecessary and could prove counterproductive in the vast majority of FISA matters, which involve the application of a probable cause or other factual standard to case-specific facts and typically implicate the privacy interests of few persons other than the specific target. Given the nature of FISA proceedings, the participation of an advocate would neither create a truly adversarial process nor constructively assist the Court in assessing the facts, as the advocate would be unable to communicate with the target or conduct an independent investigation. Advocate involvement in run-of-the-mill FISA matters would substantially hamper the work of the Courts without providing any commensurate benefit in terms of privacy protection or otherwise; indeed, such pervasive participation could actually undermine the Courts' ability to receive complete and accurate information on the matters before them."

      Of course, we already know the courts are not getting complete and accurate information, and they rubber-stamp orders anyway.

  7. Your rights vs a 'component' and 'seam' by AHuxley · · Score: 2

    http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/10/nsa-mass-surveillance-powers-john-inglis-npr
    http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/12/19/21975158-nsa-program-stopped-no-terror-attacks-says-white-house-panel-member?lite
    "“...there has been no instance in which NSA could say with confidence that the outcome [of a terror investigation] would have been any different” without the program."
    Welcome to a world where a vast domestic surveillance system is rubber stamped and oversight is tame.

    --
    Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  8. Disagree, but they have a point by MobyDisk · · Score: 5, Insightful

    While the judges are clearly biased, there is value in their point:

    the participation of an advocate would neither create a truly adversarial process nor constructively assist the courts in assessing the facts

    This is true: How can you have an adversarial process when the adversary isn't allowed to know that anything is happening? But there still needs to be some adversary. The problem is bigger than this though.

    Ultimately, this court isn't even a court by any modern definition. No adversarial process. The judges are appointed without any confirmation or oversight. There is no appeals court. The NSA lies to the judges anyway. And the department that oversees them ignores complaints by the judges.

    How is this a court at all?

    1. Re:Disagree, but they have a point by dkf · · Score: 2

      How is this a court at all?

      By the power of the large, hopping marsupials imported from our good allies in Australia!

      --
      "Little does he know, but there is no 'I' in 'Idiot'!"
  9. Why do they need 11 judges? by bruce_the_moose · · Score: 2

    Couldn't a monkey with a rubber stamp do the same job for a whole lot less?

    --
    To reduce crime, make fewer things against the law.
  10. Snowden for President! by Bootsy · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Snowden for President!

  11. Insignificant by PopeRatzo · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Who cares what the FISA judges think about the reforms? I mean, they're not the boss of the government.

    This notion that there is some widespread fear in the government of how agencies and entities will react to changes in he surveillance regime are starting to get a little alarming. If you look at the NYTimes story here: http://t.co/lSEb6vWXSi, you will see the phrase, "backlash from national security agencies" in regard to reforms to surveillance. Who are they that now elected officials, who are charged with oversight over these agencies, have to worry about intelligence agencies' "backlash"? There have been several other stories recently that have mentioned similar "consequences" from the agencies if the scope or powers of those agencies were to be limited in any way.

    I guess that tells us who's really in charge.

    I'm telling you, unless we can figure out a way to chop this surveillance regime down to size, and quick, there is absolutely no chance that any other national problem can ever be fixed in any significant way. Not the economy, not security, not social problems, not anything. When Americans finally internalize the fact that they are always being watched and that our own security agencies view them as a threat, there will be a sickness over the American people like none we have ever seen before.

    To this day, people from places like East Germany and other surveillance states have it in the back of their heads that there is always someone watching. As the husband of a woman from Eastern Europe, I know this to be true from my experience with family and friends. Once you have Big Brother in your head, he never goes away, maybe not for generations.

    I would absolutely rather take my chances with the terrorists than see the US go on this way much longer.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  12. Kangaroo rubber stamp-court by Subm · · Score: 2

    They are a kangaroo rubber-stamp court objecting to doing other than what they were appointed to do, which is to unthinkingly say yes. I can't imagine anyone with any pride in their country feeling anything other than overwhelming shame and disgust for their role in this banana-republic activity. Except self-interested cronies.

    Since they could be replaced by a rubber stamp that said "Yes" with nearly no change to what the court does except to save probably tens of millions of dollars per year, they're probably concerned about losing their jobs.

    Can you imagine what Jefferson or John Adams would say about this possibly unconstitutional corruption of justice? This court could scarcely be farther from their ideals. Of course they're united in opposition. They're united because their bosses gave them all the same instructions. Why would we expect any one of them to say or act independently of anyone else?

  13. Rubbish! by s.petry · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The fact is, the court does not have to reveal names to have public monitoring. Claiming that names of suspects are required, as you have shilled in the past, is irrational and illogical. Every person in court could be named "John Doe" for the proceedings, and every privacy and liberty advocate would be fine with that method.

    What people want made public is the proceedings themselves. How are they ruling that John Doe is worthy of surveillance? Is the evidence being presented gathered legally and ethically? Is there even evidence presented to the courts, or is this simply a rubber stamp? What methods rulings are the judges giving and what powers are they granting to these agencies? Are the rulings and powers being granted legal?

    Your point is not just irrational, it evades the reason people are demanding either these courts become open or we shut them down. Perhaps you should read what Due Process is, and what the Constitution states regarding the Justice system and your Liberty. You won't, because you are a habitual shill for a pro authoritarian state and it's agencies.

    --

    -The wise argue that there are few absolutes, the fool argues that there are no probabilities.

  14. Who Are The FISA Judges? by pcwhalen · · Score: 2

    They are all picked by one man - Supreme Court Chief Justice Roberts.
    http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/chief-justice-john-roberts-appointed-every-judge-on-the-fisa-court-20130812

    This was meant to be a body of jurists to check the validity of search warrants, but it developed its own body of case law. With no check on its power. None.

    The NY Times notes "In making assignments to the court, Chief Justice Roberts, more than his predecessors, has chosen judges with conservative and executive branch backgrounds that critics say make the court more likely to defer to government arguments that domestic spying programs are necessary."
    http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/26/us/politics/robertss-picks-reshaping-secret-surveillance-court.html?ref=charliesavage&_r=0

    So, yeah, I'd say the FISA judges don't want anyone looking over their shoulders.

    --
    Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain with all your metadata.