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Earth Barely Dodged Solar Blast In 2012

Rambo Tribble (1273454) writes "Coronal mass ejections, with severity comparable to the 1859 Carrington event, missed Earth by only 9 days in 2012, according to researchers. The Carrington event caused widespread damage to the telegraph system in the U.S., and a similar occurrence would be devastating to modern electronics, it is thought. From the Reuters article, 'Had it hit Earth, it probably would have been like the big one in 1859, but the effect today, with our modern technologies, would have been tremendous.' The potential global cost for such damage is pegged at $2.6 trillion."

39 of 202 comments (clear)

  1. Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    "Coronal mass ejections, with in 2012, according to researchers."

    What..

    1. Re:Huh? by Soulskill · · Score: 2

      Looks like part of a sentence got eaten. I've updated the post to fix it.

  2. ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Gothmolly · · Score: 2, Insightful

    We had no control over this, and there's no means to mitigate it, and it didn't happen. So lets panic and blog and post video submissions to nerdy websites!

    --
    I want to delete my account but Slashdot doesn't allow it.
    1. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by TWX · · Score: 2

      I have a way to mitigate it, at least to an extent. I have a car with a points-type distributor in my garage to drive around if the electronic ignition controls in the other cars are roasted...

      Maybe I should put a couple of fresh '70s-era ECUs into the safe, just to electrically isolate them, so I'll have more than one functional car...

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    2. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      I thought that merely disconnecting equipment from large surface wire loops (a.k.a. long cables) should help in many cases? It's not like the charged particles travel at the speed of light toward Earth, there's time to do that.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    3. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Anna+Merikin · · Score: 2

      Crank away on that points-equipped car -- the ignition coil will be fried, and so will the copper windings in the starter and altern/generator.

      There were no solid-state chips then, and, still, unconnected telegraph receivers were tapping away receiving imaginary messages from the ZOMG to earth.

    4. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by interkin3tic · · Score: 4, Insightful

      1. Knowing something is possible is better than not knowing
      2. We can't mitigate it? Turn in your nerd card right this instant
      3. Who is panicking?
      4. You'd rather this get submitted to some non-nerd website? I agree that seeing grandmothers starting to wear tinfoil hats to avoid solar flare problems might be really really funny, but this is exactly the type of submission for slashdot and vice versa.
      5. I find your sig ironic in this context.

    5. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lgw · · Score: 2

      I don't think you'r home electronics are really at risk though. Not enough antenna. You need something with a long cable to pick up the effects of a CME.

      The power surges created on those long wires will travel to their endpoints. Anything plugged in may be fried, depending on just how good your surge protection is. How good is your surge protection on your cable and phone lines?

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    6. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by fnj · · Score: 2

      Anything electric will not work properly. Points ignition is like technologically similar to the telegraph system that failed in 1859.

      A car ignition system does not have an antenna hundreds of km to over a thousand km long. Neither does a cellphone or laptop or your brain for that matter.

    7. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by postbigbang · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Really good.

      And many supplies have MOVs and LC networks that would help mitigate the problem. In the old days, telegraph wires weren't earthed, and so became enormous antennas that could readily be charged by ionization.

      Satellites are less protected, and there, sensitive low-power (especially CMOS) products might easily fry. However, they're already shielded and exposed to the elements in a way unlike us on the ground.

      We're smart enough to tie most neutrals to earth in home wiring boxes. OTOH, the skin effect could fry stuff. Your car's ECM might be just fine because it's under a metal hood, albeit insulated from the earth by the tires. As such, it's not really a capacitor or joule/coulomb tank.

      Major electrical grid problems would ensue, but recovery might not be as tough as you think.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    8. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by fnj · · Score: 5, Informative

      Crank away on that points-equipped car -- the ignition coil will be fried, and so will the copper windings in the starter and altern/generator.

      There were no solid-state chips then, and, still, unconnected telegraph receivers were tapping away receiving imaginary messages from the ZOMG to earth.

      Think. I know it's hard, but try it. We're not talking about magic here. The car does not have an antenna hundreds of km to over a thousand km long. Electric fields are measured in volts per meter, not volts per fairy tale.

      Inducing a 20 mA current in a telegraph line hundreds of km long (which is all it takes to "tap away") is slightly different from inducing tens to hundreds of thousands of amps for tens of seconds to minutes. That's what it would take to "fry" the windings in a starter or alternator. And the antenna length of the wiring attached to the starter or alternator is no more than a couple of meters, INSIDE a faraday cage.

      An ignition coil would take less current to burn out than a starter or alternator, but still a whole hell of a lot more current than it would ever see inside the faraday cage of the car body.

    9. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Bengie · · Score: 3, Insightful

      My understanding, which could be wrong or incomplete, is that the ions would cause a tremendous surge of DC current to be conducted into our power-lines, causing transformers to be melted. This can simply be shunted, but we need to invest a few hundred mil to protect from a few tril of damage. No one wants to be the guy that spent more money, so no one invests into this simple and quite effective protection.

    10. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Immerman · · Score: 2

      Incredibly good if I unplug everything, and considering it typically takes 1-5 days for a CME to reach Earth I should have plenty of warning. The danger is more to infrastructure (power, phone, and cable lines) which may overload from the induced current, and stuff that can't readily be disconnected from the grid. But even then I suspect with a day or two warning of a dangerous CME it wouldn't be a huge deal to simply have the whole country go dark until it passed, if the logistics were in place to do so. Disconnect the generators, tell everyone to unplug everything in their house, and hope for the best for the various street lights, etc. that can't be readily unplugged. All the incidental damage would still be expensive, but things would likely be mostly up and running again in a couple days.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    11. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by bigpat · · Score: 2

      Electric fields are measured in volts per meter, not volts per fairy tale.

      Damn. I knew I was doing something wrong in my E&M class.

    12. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by delt0r · · Score: 2

      CMEs cause the earths magnetic field to buckle and fold thereby inducing currents in conductors. But to get any kind of voltage/amps that affect anything, you need loops of wire hundreds of km long or more. ie power lines. Its nothing like an EMP.

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    13. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by cusco · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem is not so much end-user equipment, although that alone would be pretty devastating to most people. The real problem is the destruction of the electrical grid that would result. Most of the large transformers and relays are custom-made one-off pieces, and backorder time for them under normal circumstances is 3 months to 2 years. There are no procedures available to collapse the grid in preparation to a CME to protect that equipment, it's really not doable at this point. Imagine most of North America without electricity for a series of months. Electricity is used to pump natural gas around the country, so most of that's unavailable. Electricity is used in gas pumps, so even if your car still works you have no fuel for it. Farmers have the fuel in their tanks, but after that their tractors are going to be parked for the duration. Many railroad switches can no longer be thrown by hand and schedules are all computerized, so big chunks of the rail network are going to be down. Most hospitals have 3 days of fuel for their generators, beyond that they're back to doing surgery by candlelight.

      The repercussions are enormous.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    14. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 3, Informative

      Because it's not a random "energy surge", it's a cloud of charged particles. It won't travel through the atmosphere to destroy your electronics, it will need the geomagnetic field to do its dirty job. It's precisely because the energy gets converted into current in large looped conductors why things get damaged. Such as - you get it - the power grid. Or metallic telecommunications, for that matter.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    15. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      I hope that one of the repercussions will be that such procedures will get established. I mean, the generals playing with their tin soldiers are preparing for all sorts of crazy emergency scenarios, why not get prepared for things we know that actually happen in nature quite regularly?

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    16. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by NoImNotNineVolt · · Score: 2

      A lighting strike to the phone lines would end in tears? What the fuck do you plug into your phone jacks?!

      --
      Chuuch. Preach. Tabernacle.
    17. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by arvindsg · · Score: 2

      Decades into the future such a ejection will prove as turning point in our war against machines

    18. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by cusco · · Score: 4, Informative

      Probably because the electrical grid is controlled by for-profit corporations run by executives hyper-focused on short-term revenue to get their next bonus.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    19. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by bitt3n · · Score: 2

      1. Knowing something is possible is better than not knowing

      spoken like a man who's never managed to get his balls sucked into a dustbuster

    20. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by ebno-10db · · Score: 2

      Old and Modern cars will be unaffected by a CME.

      Shhh. You'll ruin the fun - it makes a great urban legend. However, even survivalists don't think it will be a problem (that link also has links to serious studies).

      However, if the CME trashes the power grid (a likely effect) you'll have a problem pumping gas for the car because the gas station pumps are electric. I experienced that problem first hand after Hurricane Sandy. IIRC there was talk of a law requiring at least some gas stations to have backup generators, but I don't know what happened to it. You could also just get a hand pump or something, but it'll be slow. There may also be problems with the rest of the delivery network (a problem after Sandy was that some of the fuel barge docks were trashed), and I don't think a loss of the power grid would help refineries, pipelines (they need pumping stations) or possibly even wells very much.

    21. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by asylumx · · Score: 3

      The real problem is the destruction of the electrical grid that would result.

      Um, also satellites, which power much of our communications and have also caused most of us to throw away paper maps.

    22. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by galloog1 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      One of the potential scenarios the US military does prepare for is loss of power to our power grid due to cyber attack so they are prepared. The US military partly exists for disaster response and there are several commands dedicated to it. Provided their already shielded equipment isn't taken out, they could have lines of communications established for government in a matter of days. They would most likely be given priority for resources if everything were wiped out and their ability to adapt to equipment issues both on the power generation and communications side is actually quite impressive. Source: I lead tin communications Soldiers. While other people dream of zombie attacks, I dream of kinetic cyber attacks.

    23. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by nbritton · · Score: 2

      Since a gas station would have gas, all they would need is a generator to keep the station running. Tanker trucks shouldn't be affected by CMEs, so with generators being readily available I don't foresee this as being a significant problem.

      What I do foresee is an economic melt down since electronic transactions would grind to a halt. There would be a run on the banks since there is not enough cash reserves on hand, only $1.22 trillion dollars in Federal Reserve notes are in circulation. Businesses would not be able to use their credit accounts or pay employees. We would have to resort to bartering, the economy would collapse, no one would have money to buy gas.

      Another problem I see is with the water supply. If a CME fried all the water pumps we would be totally fucked, becuse people begin to die in as little as three days without water. Furthermore, without refrigerators to store food, stoves to cook food, or water to grow crops there would be a massive food shortage.

      I think this would make for a good movie, that should raise awareness of the issue.

  3. Dodged? by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 5, Funny

    Yeah, I know, I'm being a bit picky here, but... dodged?

    The CME barely missed; Earth didn't do anything, the lazy git.

    --
    systemd is Roko's Basilisk.
  4. Er, what? by imroy · · Score: 2

    Quoth the intro:

    Coronal mass ejections, with in 2012, according to researchers.

    Someone screwed up copying the text there.

  5. Saw the same thing by SuperKendall · · Score: 3, Funny

    Sounds like the CME didn't quite miss EVERYONE...

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
  6. Re:Proofread by hawkinspeter · · Score: 4, Funny

    Proofread! You're shit!

    --
    You're a temporary arrangement of matter sliding towards oblivion in a cold, uncaring universe
  7. Editing? Verbs? by Lorens · · Score: 3, Funny

    "Coronal mass ejections, with in 2012, according to researchers.

    Yea, researchers for the win. According to grammar researchers (with in 2014), no verbs in this sentence either!

  8. Re:What does this mean? by TheCarp · · Score: 2

    These claims are always made but never really expand on what the repercussions are. What exactly does it mean that things would be devastating to our modern electronics?

    I was iffy on this myself, so I read slashdot comments. Now it is crystal clear.

    In the event of a major CME, just mains power, or possibly anything connected to mains power, would or would not be inoperable. Modern cars, and or, old cars would or would not work; as they may or may not be effected by EMPs which may or may not have similar effects.

    Total damages are hard to estimate but could range from longer netflix streaming latency to trillions of dollars.

    Hope that clears it up for you.

    --
    "I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
  9. Re:What does this mean? by cusco · · Score: 2

    Think of the Untied States trying to exist with 19th century technology for a couple of months. That's how bad it could be. The big equipment that runs the electrical grid is all custom made by a very few manufacturers with very long (as much as two years) backorder times in the best of conditions. End-user equipment may or may not be affected, but without power it's pretty much useless. Your car may run, but since the gasoline pumps are electric, as is all the equipment that runs the holding tanks, the pipelines and the refineries, you're not going very far with it. Food distribution system collapses without trucks, the rail system deadlocks without control systems, ships stack up in the harbor with no way to offload them. Farmers can only watch their crops whither and die in the field. Banking system goes belly up without the constant credit card traffic.

    Perhaps not 'death from above', unless you need surgery (operating rooms almost never have windows), but still pretty fucking catastrophic.

    --
    "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
  10. Re:A faraday cage has to be grounded to earth. by jeffb+(2.718) · · Score: 3, Informative

    You seem to think that the damage comes from stuffing too many electrons into a box. That's not how it works at all.

    A Faraday cage shields its contents, period. A magical tether to Mother Earth might make you feel better, but it makes no difference to Maxwell's equations.

    To put it in simpler and more specific terms, cars (and airplanes) frequently survive direct lightning strikes with no damage to their electrical systems. The energy from even a Carrington-level event, over the area of a car, is miniscule compared to the energy of a lightning strike. I'm not even sure it would exceed the energy of the static you build up scooting across the seat and then touching the door handle.

  11. Efficiency = lack of margin for safety by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Everyday I walk across a bridge built 120 years ago to carry horse and buggy traffic at 5 mph. Today it carries four lanes of traffic with city buses and 18 wheelers at some 40 mph. Would anyone even think of building something with this level of "over specification" or "over building"? Is it any wonder bridges hardly 40 years old designed to carry 18 wheelers at 65 mph are falling apart?

    Sometime back some small solar wind even knocked out a satellite. Normally it would not even be a blip in the radar. But that satellite was the link to credit card processing in the pay-at-the pump gas stations. Almost all these gas stations have cut down their employee down to one guy who sells chips and soda. Almost all the bays are self service. When the pay at the pump payment system got knocked out, people had to fill the car and walk in to pay that lone guy. Lines started forming, then the lines stretched, and reached the exit ramps of highways, and the highway started getting blocked. But at the end, after the mess cleared, still there is no incentive to create alternate routing or redundancy in the system.

    It costs money to make things secure. To make things robust. But if some company does it the right way and it competes with another company that does not, it is not going to be competitive. Yes, in the long run, catastrophe will strike and the chickens will come home to roost and the corner cutters would find themselves getting the short end of the stick. But, the non-corner-cutter could have been driven out of business before the catastrophe strikes.

    So it all depends on the frequency of the odd ball event. If the odd ball event is less frequent than once in a decade, there is no structural incentive for any manager to do the right thing. Most people change jobs once a decade and they will not be there to face the music. This is a systemic structural thing. The race to the bottom is the only race there is.

    It might not be a solar storm, or a terrestrial storm. It could be some fiber optic cable being accidentally severed. Or sabotaged. Or an oil spill blocks rail traffic somewhere. So don't think it is mere fear mongering or rationalize it saying solar storms are rare. Systematically our infrastructure has become very vulnerable without redundancy without factors of safety.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
  12. Surgery by candlelight? by swb · · Score: 2

    Does this mean they will extend the ACA deadline?

  13. Optimism is not called for by fyngyrz · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Old and Modern cars will be unaffected by a CME.

    Shhh. You'll ruin the fun - it makes a great urban legend

    Think for a moment.

    If the power grid goes down across the country for months or years -- the most likely serious direct consequence -- for any reason -- even if *nothing* else is damaged by the CME (or other form of EMP-related problem), then the consequences of the following avalanching issues in the affected area must be considered:

    o No fuel pumped for transport; none delivered -- so no troops, no relief forces unless from the other side of the planet

    o No heating fuel, no cooling power -- people will die just from this; if winter, water systems can freeze, more consequences

    o No food production -- uh oh

    o No food transport -- guess it doesn't matter there won't be any produced -- starving, desperate people everywhere, then dead ones

    o No power in hospitals -- more dead people

    o Manufacturing stops -- Everything you consume regularly will run out very quickly. Meds. Food. Soap. Clothing.

    o Drugs run out -- more people die, others suffer

    o Sanitation loses power -- ok, now everyone begins to die -- sanitation failure in our society would be catastrophic

    ...which overal will result in mass...

    o Starvation

    o Disease

    o Violence

    o Desperation

    o Die-off

    All these things are inevitable, given just that one simple, scientifically 100% possible consequence. Amidst all that, you know what will work? Almost every weapon in civilian hands, at least until the bullets run out, which could take a while. Then there are knives, hammers, cobbled together spears and pikes, makeshift swords (and a few real ones), you know, the usual stuff of mayhem. Death. Likely the carnage would begin within 24 hours of the food running out, and I think it's pretty obvious what our society would look like a week later. And do you think for a *moment* that a nation-sized relief effort could be successfully mounted by an ally (or an enemy) soon enough and comprehensively enough to preclude that week of madness? If you do, you are far more of an optimist than I am.

    It won't mean a thing that you have a car that can run. You're almost certainly going to die. Probably the first time you drive it in front of people who don't have something and think you just might have some of it in your car. Like, you know, food.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    1. Re:Optimism is not called for by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 2

      No fuel pumped for transport; none delivered -- so no troops, no relief forces unless from the other side of the planet

      It doesn't take a very big generator to power a fuel pump capable of filling a tanker truck, and the fuel to power the generator is right there. If his car is running, tractor-trailers still are too, so fuel will still be delivered. Gas stations can rig up the same hack to keep pumping fuel. Not conveniently, but there's about a million rednecks in the country who could do it with nothing but the tools lying loose in their trucks. The generators will still work for the same reasons the vehicles will still work—no long wires involved.

      No food production -- uh oh

      Does corn or wheat stop growing when the power goes out? Perhaps you meant food preparation. Yeah, fresh bread gets scarce in a hurry. But I've got a case of ramen sitting in my pantry that I'd forgotten about, and a charcoal grill and a bag of matchlight charcoal in the garage, so I've got enough staples to live on for a month, not even counting everything else in the pantry. Most of my neighbors have fancy-ass gas grills with a propane tank underneath, and I'm sure they've got ramen too. Yeah, asshole hipsters in New York and San Francisco are going to get hungry 'cause they can't go to the corner store every day anymore, but that's not my problem. If they started walking when the power goes out, they might get here by the time the power comes back on. But I doubt it. Half of them would start walking in the wrong direction and end up drowning.

      No food transport -- guess it doesn't matter there won't be any produced -- starving, desperate people everywhere, then dead ones

      See above concerning fuel transport. The hipsters can survive on Twinkies for a while. They might have to eat some transfats. Oh the horror.

      Manufacturing stops -- Everything you consume regularly will run out very quickly. Meds. Food. Soap. Clothing.

      You have a strange list of consumables, and an even stranger idea of how fast things get consumed. I don't think the Great Ejection Disaster is going to set my shirt on fire. A lack of new socks isn't going to bother me, not even for half a year. I've got enough soap to last that long too, 'cause I always buy the Walmart six pack. Food, already addressed. Medication, yeah, anybody who didn't just refill their prescriptions will have a problem, though it's not like every Walgreens is going to evaporate overnight. There are stocks on the shelves. Get in line early if you take something life-preserving.

      Would a major coronal mass ejection hitting Earth be a serious disaster? Definitely. Would it be as apocalyptic as you seem to think? Not even close. Just because you don't know what it takes to maintain a water delivery system doesn't mean someone else doesn't know, and doesn't deal with it every day. In some parts of the country, water delivery isn't even interrupted during such an event. In Denver, for instance, much of the metro area's water supply is gravity-pumped. Sewage almost everywhere is largely gravity-pumped, and there are many millions of septic tanks in use that don't require any pumps at all. Everywhere else, there's somebody who can open the breaker on the pump's power connection, and close it after the event is over. This happens all the time. It's not even unusual. Everything that moves needs maintenance, and somebody knows where the breaker box is.

      ---

      What's with people lately. Two "shit could break" stories in a week and Slashdot is jammed to the walls with Zombie Apocalypse comments. Get over it.

      There are people who get paid every day to keep civilization running. They're called blue collar workers, and if you weren't so busy lamenting their inevitable fate, you might be aware that they still exist, they still go to work every day, and they know how to fix shit you don't even know exis

  14. Re:A faraday cage has to be grounded to earth. by Matt_Bennett · · Score: 2

    Oh my, AC has absolutely no idea about how electricity works.

    Electricity always flows in a loop, every time, without exception, period. No loop, no current. No current, no energy. Sometimes the loop includes the capacitance of one disconnected piece of metal next to another, but that also limits the current, and therefore, energy. Sometimes the insulation breaks down, or the field is strong enough to cause an arc to jump the gap.

    If welding on your vehicle caused a problem it is because you put the ground clamp in the wrong place, and current passed through something it shouldn't have, which could be because something you thought was a good ground wasn't. Battery connected or disconnected makes no difference.