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Earth Barely Dodged Solar Blast In 2012

Rambo Tribble (1273454) writes "Coronal mass ejections, with severity comparable to the 1859 Carrington event, missed Earth by only 9 days in 2012, according to researchers. The Carrington event caused widespread damage to the telegraph system in the U.S., and a similar occurrence would be devastating to modern electronics, it is thought. From the Reuters article, 'Had it hit Earth, it probably would have been like the big one in 1859, but the effect today, with our modern technologies, would have been tremendous.' The potential global cost for such damage is pegged at $2.6 trillion."

136 of 202 comments (clear)

  1. Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    "Coronal mass ejections, with in 2012, according to researchers."

    What..

    1. Re:Huh? by Soulskill · · Score: 2

      Looks like part of a sentence got eaten. I've updated the post to fix it.

  2. ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Gothmolly · · Score: 2, Insightful

    We had no control over this, and there's no means to mitigate it, and it didn't happen. So lets panic and blog and post video submissions to nerdy websites!

    --
    I want to delete my account but Slashdot doesn't allow it.
    1. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by TWX · · Score: 2

      I have a way to mitigate it, at least to an extent. I have a car with a points-type distributor in my garage to drive around if the electronic ignition controls in the other cars are roasted...

      Maybe I should put a couple of fresh '70s-era ECUs into the safe, just to electrically isolate them, so I'll have more than one functional car...

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    2. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      I thought that merely disconnecting equipment from large surface wire loops (a.k.a. long cables) should help in many cases? It's not like the charged particles travel at the speed of light toward Earth, there's time to do that.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    3. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Anna+Merikin · · Score: 2

      Crank away on that points-equipped car -- the ignition coil will be fried, and so will the copper windings in the starter and altern/generator.

      There were no solid-state chips then, and, still, unconnected telegraph receivers were tapping away receiving imaginary messages from the ZOMG to earth.

    4. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

      Back to electric fields for you. Twisted pairs are good. Coax is good.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    5. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Twinbee · · Score: 1

      Let's not try to get Mars either as all the previous giant asteroids never wiped us out.

      --
      Why OpalCalc is the best Windows calc
    6. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by interkin3tic · · Score: 4, Insightful

      1. Knowing something is possible is better than not knowing
      2. We can't mitigate it? Turn in your nerd card right this instant
      3. Who is panicking?
      4. You'd rather this get submitted to some non-nerd website? I agree that seeing grandmothers starting to wear tinfoil hats to avoid solar flare problems might be really really funny, but this is exactly the type of submission for slashdot and vice versa.
      5. I find your sig ironic in this context.

    7. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lgw · · Score: 2

      I don't think you'r home electronics are really at risk though. Not enough antenna. You need something with a long cable to pick up the effects of a CME.

      The power surges created on those long wires will travel to their endpoints. Anything plugged in may be fried, depending on just how good your surge protection is. How good is your surge protection on your cable and phone lines?

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    8. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by fnj · · Score: 2

      Anything electric will not work properly. Points ignition is like technologically similar to the telegraph system that failed in 1859.

      A car ignition system does not have an antenna hundreds of km to over a thousand km long. Neither does a cellphone or laptop or your brain for that matter.

    9. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by postbigbang · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Really good.

      And many supplies have MOVs and LC networks that would help mitigate the problem. In the old days, telegraph wires weren't earthed, and so became enormous antennas that could readily be charged by ionization.

      Satellites are less protected, and there, sensitive low-power (especially CMOS) products might easily fry. However, they're already shielded and exposed to the elements in a way unlike us on the ground.

      We're smart enough to tie most neutrals to earth in home wiring boxes. OTOH, the skin effect could fry stuff. Your car's ECM might be just fine because it's under a metal hood, albeit insulated from the earth by the tires. As such, it's not really a capacitor or joule/coulomb tank.

      Major electrical grid problems would ensue, but recovery might not be as tough as you think.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    10. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by fnj · · Score: 5, Informative

      Crank away on that points-equipped car -- the ignition coil will be fried, and so will the copper windings in the starter and altern/generator.

      There were no solid-state chips then, and, still, unconnected telegraph receivers were tapping away receiving imaginary messages from the ZOMG to earth.

      Think. I know it's hard, but try it. We're not talking about magic here. The car does not have an antenna hundreds of km to over a thousand km long. Electric fields are measured in volts per meter, not volts per fairy tale.

      Inducing a 20 mA current in a telegraph line hundreds of km long (which is all it takes to "tap away") is slightly different from inducing tens to hundreds of thousands of amps for tens of seconds to minutes. That's what it would take to "fry" the windings in a starter or alternator. And the antenna length of the wiring attached to the starter or alternator is no more than a couple of meters, INSIDE a faraday cage.

      An ignition coil would take less current to burn out than a starter or alternator, but still a whole hell of a lot more current than it would ever see inside the faraday cage of the car body.

    11. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Bengie · · Score: 3, Insightful

      My understanding, which could be wrong or incomplete, is that the ions would cause a tremendous surge of DC current to be conducted into our power-lines, causing transformers to be melted. This can simply be shunted, but we need to invest a few hundred mil to protect from a few tril of damage. No one wants to be the guy that spent more money, so no one invests into this simple and quite effective protection.

    12. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Bengie · · Score: 1

      All of the data coming into my house is over fiber. Doesn't even need to be grounded because no wires enter my house. Verizon FiOS does have wire that enters the house, so it needs to be grounded.

    13. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Bengie · · Score: 1

      CMEs are quite different. CME does it's damage through ions that create an electrical charge difference, but EMPs create an electromagnetic pulse, which has nothing to do with ions. CME ions are just trying to get to ground. Just shunt it. Yes, it's a lot of amperes, but it can be done.

    14. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lgw · · Score: 1

      Oh, sure, lord it over us data peasants why don't you? Shall we knuckle under when you ride by on your mighty data horse?

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    15. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lgw · · Score: 1

      I have surge protection, but it's wimpy on my phone lines - a lighting strike to the phone lines would end in tears. If I were actually worried about this I'd do something to prevent that (if you live in lightning country, a lighting protector at the main breaker box is a wise move in general).

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    16. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Immerman · · Score: 2

      Incredibly good if I unplug everything, and considering it typically takes 1-5 days for a CME to reach Earth I should have plenty of warning. The danger is more to infrastructure (power, phone, and cable lines) which may overload from the induced current, and stuff that can't readily be disconnected from the grid. But even then I suspect with a day or two warning of a dangerous CME it wouldn't be a huge deal to simply have the whole country go dark until it passed, if the logistics were in place to do so. Disconnect the generators, tell everyone to unplug everything in their house, and hope for the best for the various street lights, etc. that can't be readily unplugged. All the incidental damage would still be expensive, but things would likely be mostly up and running again in a couple days.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    17. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by bigpat · · Score: 2

      Electric fields are measured in volts per meter, not volts per fairy tale.

      Damn. I knew I was doing something wrong in my E&M class.

    18. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by postbigbang · · Score: 1

      If I used phone lines, I'd have MOVs on them. Many telcos over-earth where necessary, just to ensure low damage. I ground together my cable box with my other earths, but hey-- I'm an engineer.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    19. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lgw · · Score: 1

      Oh, sure, if people take the warning seriously and take appropriate preventive measures we're fine! Meanwhile, here in America, after Katrina predictably trashed the levees in Louisiana, we rebuilt them just as before so the next major storm to hit would trash them again. But maybe this will be different, and we'll all act like smart people?

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    20. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Bengie · · Score: 1

      You just gave me a most wonderfully humorous image. you put a smile on my face. :-)

    21. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by delt0r · · Score: 2

      CMEs cause the earths magnetic field to buckle and fold thereby inducing currents in conductors. But to get any kind of voltage/amps that affect anything, you need loops of wire hundreds of km long or more. ie power lines. Its nothing like an EMP.

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    22. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by delt0r · · Score: 1

      This is not how a CME effects earth at all.

      --
      If information wants to be free, why does my internet connection cost so much?
    23. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Feyshtey · · Score: 1

      Better include a bunch of fuel tanks at your home that use a hand pump. Because you're not filling your car from the gas stations (which have a chip-based control system).

      --
      "But we have to pass the bill so that you can find out what is in it,..." - Nancy Pelosi
    24. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Feyshtey · · Score: 1

      If the energy surge is traveling through space to hit power transformers, what makes you think its not traveling through space to hit every electronic device on the planet? It's not like things are damaged because that energy is traveling through our electric grid....

      --
      "But we have to pass the bill so that you can find out what is in it,..." - Nancy Pelosi
    25. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by cusco · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem is not so much end-user equipment, although that alone would be pretty devastating to most people. The real problem is the destruction of the electrical grid that would result. Most of the large transformers and relays are custom-made one-off pieces, and backorder time for them under normal circumstances is 3 months to 2 years. There are no procedures available to collapse the grid in preparation to a CME to protect that equipment, it's really not doable at this point. Imagine most of North America without electricity for a series of months. Electricity is used to pump natural gas around the country, so most of that's unavailable. Electricity is used in gas pumps, so even if your car still works you have no fuel for it. Farmers have the fuel in their tanks, but after that their tractors are going to be parked for the duration. Many railroad switches can no longer be thrown by hand and schedules are all computerized, so big chunks of the rail network are going to be down. Most hospitals have 3 days of fuel for their generators, beyond that they're back to doing surgery by candlelight.

      The repercussions are enormous.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    26. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 1

      There are plenty of ways to mitigate this. Satellites are built with safeguards to prevent this exact problem. However, they aren't functional in 'protected' mode so you need to be very careful when you turn them off. i.e. you don't want to do it unless you absolutely positively have to do it.

      With satellite's monitoring the Sun we can see when these things are coming hours ahead of time - they don't travel at light speed. That gives us plenty of warning to set things into protected mode.

      Same goes for transformers on the electrical grid. If they aren't connected to the grid when this hits, they simply won't be affected. But obviously you won't have electricity while they're disconnected.

      So the key thing here is having satellites in orbit around the Sun that watch and tell us when this is coming. Unfortunately we aren't replacing the sats that do this fast enough and we're going to have serious gaps in our coverage before too long.

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
    27. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 3, Informative

      Because it's not a random "energy surge", it's a cloud of charged particles. It won't travel through the atmosphere to destroy your electronics, it will need the geomagnetic field to do its dirty job. It's precisely because the energy gets converted into current in large looped conductors why things get damaged. Such as - you get it - the power grid. Or metallic telecommunications, for that matter.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    28. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 1

      the easiest solution is simply disconnecting the transformers when a CMP is coming.

      But that requires a number of satellites in orbit around the Sun (not Earth)...and that backs up you're money point...sigh

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
    29. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      I hope that one of the repercussions will be that such procedures will get established. I mean, the generals playing with their tin soldiers are preparing for all sorts of crazy emergency scenarios, why not get prepared for things we know that actually happen in nature quite regularly?

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    30. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by NoImNotNineVolt · · Score: 2

      A lighting strike to the phone lines would end in tears? What the fuck do you plug into your phone jacks?!

      --
      Chuuch. Preach. Tabernacle.
    31. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lgw · · Score: 1

      My DSL modem, which my PCs are wired to. Better a lighting strike than sending money to a cable company!

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    32. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Uhh..? It's exactly like things are damaged because that energy is traveling through our electric grid. Powerlines act as collectors for the incomming energy. If you have thousands of miles of power lines strung around the country then you can generate some huge potentials in the system and fry anything attached to the grid.

    33. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by arvindsg · · Score: 2

      Decades into the future such a ejection will prove as turning point in our war against machines

    34. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by cusco · · Score: 4, Informative

      Probably because the electrical grid is controlled by for-profit corporations run by executives hyper-focused on short-term revenue to get their next bonus.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    35. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by bitt3n · · Score: 2

      1. Knowing something is possible is better than not knowing

      spoken like a man who's never managed to get his balls sucked into a dustbuster

    36. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      Think. I know it's hard, but try it. We're not talking about magic here. The car does not have an antenna hundreds of km to over a thousand km long.

      Finally, the smartest person on th internet. Explain how hundreds of Kilometers is needed to induce a current.

      What is the resonant frequency of your hundreds of kilometers? What is the resonant frequency of a smaller antenna. What is the frequency of the EM event. Is it only Seriously dude, you really need to stop calling people stupid while you spout completely wrong and stupid incorrect stuff.

      Come back after a little study. You might start by going ot Wikipedia and finding out why we stopped doing space based nuc blasts. It's not just the hundred plus kilometer systems that are affected.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    37. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Shatrat · · Score: 1

      Does it require that? Can't we just point a telescope at it? They saw this coming in 1859, even if they didn't know what it was.

      --
      09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
    38. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by omnichad · · Score: 1

      Last time I got a major power surge on my phone line it knocked out a desktop computer, 2 switches, 2 voip phones, and an XBox. It somehow left the modem and router unharmed.

    39. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by ebno-10db · · Score: 2

      Old and Modern cars will be unaffected by a CME.

      Shhh. You'll ruin the fun - it makes a great urban legend. However, even survivalists don't think it will be a problem (that link also has links to serious studies).

      However, if the CME trashes the power grid (a likely effect) you'll have a problem pumping gas for the car because the gas station pumps are electric. I experienced that problem first hand after Hurricane Sandy. IIRC there was talk of a law requiring at least some gas stations to have backup generators, but I don't know what happened to it. You could also just get a hand pump or something, but it'll be slow. There may also be problems with the rest of the delivery network (a problem after Sandy was that some of the fuel barge docks were trashed), and I don't think a loss of the power grid would help refineries, pipelines (they need pumping stations) or possibly even wells very much.

    40. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by omnichad · · Score: 1

      It does not require satellites around the sun. You get days of notice, because light travels faster than matter. We see CME's before they do any damage.

      What we need is a way to actually disconnect the transformers. I don't think that was built into the grid and would require too many man-hours to do manually in time.

    41. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by asylumx · · Score: 3

      The real problem is the destruction of the electrical grid that would result.

      Um, also satellites, which power much of our communications and have also caused most of us to throw away paper maps.

    42. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by MrBigInThePants · · Score: 1

      OMG you are sooooo tough and awesomely violently inclined Mr Coward. (Would it be too informal of me to call you Anonymous?)
      I bask in the glory that is you manly internet post full of testosterone and scary words.

      You give me such hope for humanity. Bless you good sir!

    43. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by RavenLrD20k · · Score: 1

      Try using a Wireless router connected to the modem and put your PC on an access point. That way you'll minimize the damage vector coming over your phone system, provided you have adequate suppression and grounding on your electrical system. If you're worried about signal strength you get an N based system or better and use a directional antenna system between the router and the access point. Doing it this way you shouldn't have any issues with online gaming as the network bottleneck is still going to be your DSL if online gaming is your cup of tea.

    44. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by galloog1 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      One of the potential scenarios the US military does prepare for is loss of power to our power grid due to cyber attack so they are prepared. The US military partly exists for disaster response and there are several commands dedicated to it. Provided their already shielded equipment isn't taken out, they could have lines of communications established for government in a matter of days. They would most likely be given priority for resources if everything were wiped out and their ability to adapt to equipment issues both on the power generation and communications side is actually quite impressive. Source: I lead tin communications Soldiers. While other people dream of zombie attacks, I dream of kinetic cyber attacks.

    45. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Golddess · · Score: 1

      No, he's still right. Wouldn't you have liked to know that such a thing was possible before you attempted it? ;)

      --
      "I'm not sure I like the fugnutish tone you used in your post!" -RogL (608926)-
    46. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 1

      I figure since we already have them orbiting the sun to tell us about these things, it's probably reasonable to assume that's the most efficient way to do it.

      You also need one directly between us and the Sun because we need to know the polarity of the CME. I forgot which way it is but it's either if it's opposite our magnetic field then it's harmless or if it's the same it's harmless. So we need to know that before shutting down the entire power grid...a telescope (light) isn't going to tell you that.

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
    47. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by sjames · · Score: 1

      There are several ways to mitigate it, but we haven't implemented them because they mighjt cost money.

      We need to bolster our electrical grid and better distribute generation. Ideally it should be feasible to split it into smaller regional and local grids whenever there is a threat so the long lines don't cause problems.

      There are a number of very large transformers involved. We have no backups and it would take months to get even a single new one built. We would have to order from somewhere else since we don't have anywhere in the U.S. that is ready to make such a thing. They would easily be burned out by induced currents in long distance transmission lines in the event of a CME strike.

      We could have a space probe in solar orbit far enough out to warn us in time if it gets hit by a CME. Such a warning could automatically disconnect the grid to avoid the majority of damage.

      There is little to no mandate for blackstart capabilities. It's left to the market but it doesn't make a good bullet point so it gets ignored there. The invisible hand had all it's fingers smashed long ago here.

    48. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Matt_Bennett · · Score: 1

      Yes, we can actually physically disconnect the transformers- that's what circuit breakers do- and pretty much, they're automated- given the warnings that the satellites give, I suspect that a Carrington event sized CME, at least for modern systems (like in the US) won't be a surprise and can be accommodated- maybe taking significant time to switch everything back on, but without major damage to the infrastructure.

    49. Re: ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lazybeam · · Score: 1

      Bull shit.

      --
      --
      no sig for you. come back one year.
    50. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by lgw · · Score: 1

      I've reluctantly accepted that wireless exists, but don't yet trust it. :) None of my PCs have wireless cards, and I do like file transfers at GBE speed.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    51. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      And the antenna length of the wiring attached to the starter or alternator is no more than a couple of meters, INSIDE a faraday cage.

      Nope, all the wiring in the stator and rotor of the starter or alternator serves as an antenna as well. As is the metal case of either. As is the adjacent engine block.

      That's what makes high levels of EMP so difficult to shield against in the real world - literally everything conductive serves as an "antenna" (even if it's not "antenna shaped"). Even stuff adjacent but not connected to the object of interest can cause a problem as current flows through it and a magnetic field forms and subsequently collapses.

      An ignition coil would take less current to burn out than a starter or alternator, but still a whole hell of a lot more current than it would ever see inside the faraday cage of the car body.

      Even if the body of a car formed a Faraday cage (it doesn't), the ignition coil isn't in the body - it's in the engine compartment, which is open on the bottom. (And fairly open from the front.)

    52. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by hsmith · · Score: 1

      Yeah, because politicians have real long term goals, you know with having to get elected ever 2-6 years. They really plan for the future. rofl

    53. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by TangoMargarine · · Score: 1

      Maybe the smartest person on the Internet can explain how to close <quote> tags properly, too...

      --
      Unity? Screw that: XFCE. Slashdot Beta? Screw that: SoylentNews. Australis? Screw that: Pale Moon. UX developers DIAF
    54. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Twinbee · · Score: 1

      Try telling that to Elon Musk. His ambitions I suspect are greater than yours.

      --
      Why OpalCalc is the best Windows calc
    55. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by demachina · · Score: 1

      Uh. . . . . don't nuclear power plants GENERATE electricity? All you would need to do is cut them loose from the transmission lines and put in the control rods until the event is over.

      Someone should probably generate contigency plans to safely cut transmission lines at as many key points as possible and they could mitigate the effects of this kind of disaster.

      Also helps that a lot of our long distance communication infrastructure is fber optic now and immune to this kind of event.

      --
      @de_machina
    56. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      No, looks like you did okay, TangoMargarine. You're still pretty smart though.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    57. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Lodlaiden · · Score: 1

      1. Knowing something is possible is better than not knowing

      spoken like a man who's never managed to get his balls sucked into a dustbuster

      Knowing and needing to verify are two completely separate things.

      --
      Suborbital [spaceflight] is the special olympics of spaceflight. - Rei
    58. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by cusco · · Score: 1

      if the logistics were in place to do so.

      They aren't. The national electric grid is quite delicately balanced and there is no central coordinating authority. Remember when New England went dark a few years ago because of issues in Ohio? The reason that it took two days for some areas to have power restored is because they could only add one small link at a time in order to keep supply and demand balanced. Dropping the entire grid without damaging portions of it would take days, and bringing it back up again would take longer.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    59. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by allaunjsilverfox2 · · Score: 1

      Basically, I would have to unplug the Tesla from the charger, and turn off the circuit breaker to the house in the basement. I'd be pretty safe then.

      That is until you try to turn your circuits back on and any residual power surges.

      --
      Restore the madness of youth's lechery
    60. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by quenda · · Score: 1

      Most hospitals have 3 days of fuel for their generators, beyond that they're back to doing surgery by candlelight.

      Unlike Fukushima, the roads will be open for trucks to deliver fuel for backup generators to hospitals, pumping stations, and other vital infrastructure.
      People will get by in the short run, but I'd be very scared of the global economic impact.

    61. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by nbritton · · Score: 2

      Since a gas station would have gas, all they would need is a generator to keep the station running. Tanker trucks shouldn't be affected by CMEs, so with generators being readily available I don't foresee this as being a significant problem.

      What I do foresee is an economic melt down since electronic transactions would grind to a halt. There would be a run on the banks since there is not enough cash reserves on hand, only $1.22 trillion dollars in Federal Reserve notes are in circulation. Businesses would not be able to use their credit accounts or pay employees. We would have to resort to bartering, the economy would collapse, no one would have money to buy gas.

      Another problem I see is with the water supply. If a CME fried all the water pumps we would be totally fucked, becuse people begin to die in as little as three days without water. Furthermore, without refrigerators to store food, stoves to cook food, or water to grow crops there would be a massive food shortage.

      I think this would make for a good movie, that should raise awareness of the issue.

    62. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by nbritton · · Score: 1

      Nuclear power plants melting down will not be a problem. All of them have generators that can run all of the equipment for over a week. Most plants are design in such a way that the control rods will fall into place in the event of a power loss. However, if the grid got fried they would have to take the plant offline, they would damage the equipment if they ran it without a load attached to discharge the power.

    63. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by nbritton · · Score: 1

      Exactly. Full range power supplies should be able to handle a surge if you have it properly connected to a point of use surge suppressor. I have a whole building surge suppressor on the main panel that clamps at 360 volts. Additionally I have point of use surge suppressors that are properly grounded. Typically I'll also run a separate ground, from the breaker panel and connect it to the server rack, then I'll ground the server chassis to the rack, this will let everything float at the same reference voltage. Furthermore, telecommunications lines running into or out of a building should be earth grounded on the outside and also connected to a surge suppressor on the inside of the building that is grounded to the main service panel.

      If you build your environment to withstand a lighting strike then you will also be able to withstand a CME.

    64. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      Yet, when anything goes wrong on the grid, they automatically disconnect themselves, with at most a few seconds of delay (while we'd have days to do that).

      The only question is how much voltage does a circuit breaker support.

    65. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by postbigbang · · Score: 1

      Oh, geez. Not click-bait enough. Sun spots to kill grid! Everything dead! Your iStuff bleeding on the floor!

      You've got the right formula.

      There would be stuff that would obviously croak beyond repair. Other than a little tanner, that's about it save for certain parts of the grid, which could indeed see whopping coulombs dumped in unexpected places. But mass hysteria sells clicks.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    66. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by nbritton · · Score: 1

      Just run the connection through a sacrificial network switch that can be grounded. Personally I would have a the telco line earth grounded on the outside, connected to a surge suppressor on the inside telco wires, and another surge suppressor on the network side, which is then connected to a sacrificial switch. You can't be too careful with telco lines that are attached to the network, last thing you ever want is for lighting to decide to use your master network switch as it's path to ground, because this will probably blow out every device on the network... I've had it happen, issuance forked out a few hundred thousand to fix everything that got zapped.

    67. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by mikael · · Score: 1

      The sparks from the CME would probably ignite the gunpowder. During the last CME event in the 1800's, telegraph lines were seen sparking, and the telegraph operators would get electrocuted when they tried to touch the morse code key switch.

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
    68. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by mikael · · Score: 1

      Even in the shut-down state, nuclear reactor rods still need to be kept cool with water circulating through the system. Some have back systems which rely on gravity fed supply of water. Others require electric motors and diesel generators to keep the water circulating at pressure.

      Maybe the backup solution will be to round up prisoners and have them chain-ganged to manually operated pumps like something out of Conan the Barbarian.

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
    69. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Twinbee · · Score: 1

      Baby steps. It only takes I think a few hundred people (enough genetic variety) to successfully repopulate a new area. We don't need to take everyone in the whole world.

      My original point is that it's a very good thing to prepare for cataclysmic events even if we've never directly observed them yet. Even though the probability may be low (e.g: asteroid strike, super volcano, solar blast etc.), the destruction is so enormous that it's worth taking seriously and taking steps to prevent them (or at least reduce their impact) if they do occur.

      --
      Why OpalCalc is the best Windows calc
    70. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by cusco · · Score: 1

      Since a gas station would have gas, all they would need is a generator to keep the station running.

      Ah, yeah. During the windstorm we had in the Seattle area a few years ago it turned out that on the east side of Lake Washington (Bellevue, Redmond, Woodinville) there were a total of four gas stations with generators, all belonging to the same owner. There were moves by various city councils to require gas stations to have backup generators, but they all quietly died when opposed by business owners.

      Water pumps could probably be preserved from the effects of a CME simply by disconnecting them temporarily, but without electricity they won't run. Neither will the sewage pumps, or the entire sewage processing system, or the critically important water purification system. They have backup generators, but the fuel doesn't last forever and they're designed for short-term emergencies not to be used for weeks/months.

      The natural gas supply won't last long either. While some pumping stations will run off natural gas electric pumps are much cheaper and are installed in the majority of locations. Without electricity or natural gas in winter people will either freeze in their homes or burn them down trying to keep warm.

      The majority of people that I have worked with over the last decade live almost exclusively on credit cards. Immigrants are almost the only people in the US who have the skills to barter (and it is a skill that has to be learned). They're also the people most likely to have the skills that will be most in demand, farming, construction, repair, sinking wells, digging latrines, cooking over wood fires, making do with whatever can be scrounged. Programming skills would suddenly be utterly useless for the duration of the emergency.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    71. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by davester666 · · Score: 1

      Yes, the US military is prepared for this situation. They will take control of whatever resources they can under the legal principle "we have big guns", for their own use, and will shoot regular people who they will call "looters".

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
    72. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by galloog1 · · Score: 1

      Not any Soldier that upholds the Constitution which we swore to uphold and defend. I cannot speak on prior events because my comments would probably do more harm than good to the perception. You are entitled to your opinion. It is still a free country.

    73. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Twinbee · · Score: 1

      In that light, all we need to really do is send some frozen fertilized ova with some instructions in a tungsten sphere. Much simpler.

      If that's possible, you're assuming that some alien species is out there and will come to follow those instructions eventually. I don't think that's 100% guaranteed considering we haven't ever heard any signal from aliens yet.

      I mean that's what this is all about, right? Preserving the species? Right?

      For sure, that's one of the main reasons. If it means I won't be one of the 'selected' so be it. I'd still much happier knowing that some the human race can continue.

      --
      Why OpalCalc is the best Windows calc
    74. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Bengie · · Score: 1

      According to wiki, a CME is just a bunch of "Solar energetic particles", which is just a bunch of ions. The ions hit the atmosphere and create an electrical charge difference that tries to get to ground. That's about it in a nutshell. Of course you get a mix of magnetic interactions, but that's because the electric force and magnetic force are the same thing.

      If you don't agree, then tell us how it works or give a link that explains it, because I've spent quite a bit of time after class talking to my teachers and they saw no issues with my general understanding.

    75. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by galloog1 · · Score: 1

      Well, I know of at least two so that makes your generalized blanket statement false.

    76. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by hawkfish · · Score: 1

      Yeah, because politicians have real long term goals, you know with having to get elected ever 2-6 years. They really plan for the future. rofl

      I'll take two years and democratic control over 3 months and no leverage any day.

      --
      You will not drink with us, but you would taste our steel? - Walter Matthau, The Pirates
    77. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by shaitand · · Score: 1

      How does that mitigate it... the other cars will be clogging up the roads. There is pretty much no large scale zombie apocalypse type scenario where cars will actually be useful.

    78. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Agripa · · Score: 1

      I am not sure how vulnerable heavy machinery like pumps and their control circuits would be but even assuming you could disconnect them, how much warning would be available?

      We known when CMEs will hit hours to days beforehand but would anybody believe a warning to disconnect equipment?

    79. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Agripa · · Score: 1

      The problem is that the induced common mode current which if a transformer is isolated may cause breakdown and a transformer is grounded will cause core saturation leading to destructive failure. One of the proposed solutions I have seen is to use a very large power resistor in series with the ground connection to limit and absorb the common mode fault current.

    80. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by cusco · · Score: 1

      In Seattle or Toronto people might actually listen to the warnings and take appropriate measures, but somewhere like Mississippi or Michigan where all that "sciencey-stuff" is viewed with suspicion I rather doubt they'll even turn off the television.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    81. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by Agripa · · Score: 1

      So, the only thing that can act as an antenna is something that is hudreds of kilometers long? What is incredibly amazing to me is how people that are completely totally and unquestionably wrong can use their wrongness to accuse people who are correct of not having brains.

      In this case what matters most is the length of the conductors. The CME pushes and rings the geomagnetic field like a bell and the magnetic field lines then induce a current in conductors. The voltage difference between the ends of a wire will be proportional to its length so electronics disconnected from the power line are not at risk.

      The major power line failures occur in the power transformers which saturate do to the common mode current and self destruct rather violently when their magnetizing current shoots sky high and overheats the winding in short order. And while self destructing, the voltage surges will tend to damage anything downstream.

      The effects work the same way as the E3 component of a electromagnetic pulse from a nuclear weapon.

    82. Re: ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by locke.th · · Score: 1

      The best way to defend against a cme is to power everything down. All electronics, all electrical equipment, all the power grids. This will mitigate if not eliminate the damage, and will allow an eventual restart of all systems when the situation is resolved.

    83. Re:ZOMG a bad thing didn't happen! by RavenLrD20k · · Score: 1

      Your PCs would all still have GBE speed with each other since they're going to be physically connected through a GBE switch or several, depending on the number of your physical machines. The only place where you'd need wireless is between the Router that would be plugging into the DSL modem and the Access point / Wireless Bridge, which can be a unit that plugs directly into a surge Protector/Lightning Suppressor and has an Ethernet port that can run a cable to one of your GBE switches. No additional Wireless cards are needed as the Access Point would be the wireless card for the entire network. Also, if you get a model of Router and a model of Access Point that has removable antennae, you can swap the area antennae with a directional system. Using the directional system will improve your signal strength, which will in turn ensure that your Access Point/Bridge and Router are connecting at the maximum speed possible. It will also help to improve security of the connection on top of using WPA2 encryption due to being a very focused beam of radio waves instead of a spherical area. As already noted, this will also provide an Air Gap between the phone line equipment and your more expensive computer equipment, reducing the number of attack vectors a lightning strike can take to get to your more expensive machines.

      If you're worried about loosing the GBE file transfers to remote servers through your DSL modem, don't. Your LAN is still GBE with all the computers still running at GBE speed with each other. Depending on if you get Wireless N or Wireless AC, you're going to have 300Mb/s to 800Mb/s link speeds respectively over the wireless. All of this is still going to be faster than whatever your ISP gives you (average ~3-7Mb/s on DSL, ~10-30Mb/s on Cable, give or take) so you never had GBE transfer over the internet... unless you're that lucky grandma in Europe (Sweden, I think?) that's getting 40Gb/s.

  3. Proofread by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Proofread your shit!

    1. Re:Proofread by hawkinspeter · · Score: 4, Funny

      Proofread! You're shit!

      --
      You're a temporary arrangement of matter sliding towards oblivion in a cold, uncaring universe
    2. Re:Proofread by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

      Proof. Read: "You r shit."

      --
      I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    3. Re:Proofread by Lord_Breetai · · Score: 1

      Works on contingency? No, money down!

      --
      "You are only young once, but you can be immature forever." -www.animemusicvideos.org
  4. Considering... by DiEx-15 · · Score: 1

    Considering how dependent we are to things that require electricity, perhaps we are lucky we squeaked by...

    However, there will always be this threat It is just the nature of the universe. Perhaps it would be wise to consider ways to mitigate or minimumize damage done if such an event happened again. Yeah, it'd be costly to do. However, it certainly would beat the lives lost and damage done if doing the usual "Wait till it happens and then run around like a chicken with their head cut off while pointing fingers at others" approach as these events are not just foreseeable, but inevitable.

    1. Re:Considering... by cusco · · Score: 1

      The problem is that the electrical grid is run by for-profit corporations lead by executives hyper-focused on short-term profits. I unfortunately don't see any likelihood of remediation efforts ever being put into place.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
  5. Dodged? by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 5, Funny

    Yeah, I know, I'm being a bit picky here, but... dodged?

    The CME barely missed; Earth didn't do anything, the lazy git.

    --
    systemd is Roko's Basilisk.
    1. Re:Dodged? by HornWumpus · · Score: 1

      I saw that move.

      It will be harder to put the earth back into it's orbit. When we dodged, we had the sun's gravity helping us.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    2. Re:Dodged? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I know, I'm being a bit picky here, but... dodged?

      The CME barely missed; Earth didn't do anything, the lazy git.

      Hey yo! Dis is the Earth talkin' here! And yeah, I saw dat dere' mass coronal eruption ting comin' at me from a few million miles away, if it was a mile! I didn't dodge it? I dodged, I weaved, did a little rope-a-dope wit' it, and it never even came close to me. Whatever lies dat bum the Sun has been feedin' youse' guys..., well, it just didn't happen. Ya' hear me now?!

  6. wait, what? by slashmydots · · Score: 1

    I'm fairly certain in either 2012 or 2013 we did get hit by a significant CME that was enough to cause extremely southern northern lights in the sky. They said days before that it would knock out satellites and it never did. It didn't affect the electrical grid either. So are they saying there was a bigger one that missed us?

    1. Re:wait, what? by Agripa · · Score: 1

      The March 1989 geomagnetic storm destroyed a transformer at the Salem nuclear power plant:

      http://neutronm.bartol.udel.ed...

      The transformers can also be damaged and fail at a later time.

  7. Re:Westboro Church founder dies. by istartedi · · Score: 1

    I'm pretty sure the people on both sides are fixated at the grade-school level, and our political leaders aren't much further along. I half expect Obama and Putin to "double-dog dare" eachother at some point.

    --
    For all intensive purposes, "whom" is no longer a word. That begs the question, "who cares"?
  8. Re:Governments & Infrastructure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Time to get some serious people in office who understand basics first.

    Where are we going to find some of those?

  9. Er, what? by imroy · · Score: 2

    Quoth the intro:

    Coronal mass ejections, with in 2012, according to researchers.

    Someone screwed up copying the text there.

  10. Re:Westboro Church founder dies. by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

    No, he went the other way. I understand that Richard Nixon has already named Phelps as Shadow Secretary of State.

  11. Saw the same thing by SuperKendall · · Score: 3, Funny

    Sounds like the CME didn't quite miss EVERYONE...

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
  12. Editing? Verbs? by Lorens · · Score: 3, Funny

    "Coronal mass ejections, with in 2012, according to researchers.

    Yea, researchers for the win. According to grammar researchers (with in 2014), no verbs in this sentence either!

    1. Re:Editing? Verbs? by jc42 · · Score: 1

      Yea, researchers for the win. According to grammar researchers (with in 2014), no verbs in this sentence either!

      Yeah, but you violated another well-known of grammer's rules: Don't use commas, which aren't needed.

      --
      Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
    2. Re:Editing? Verbs? by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1
      A preposition is one thing a sentence should never end in.

      Never in a million years, even if your life depended on it engage in exaggerations.

      Don't be tautologically repetitive by repeating the same thing again and again.

      Forswear grandiloquence.

      --
      sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
  13. What does this mean? by log0n · · Score: 1

    I'm sure this is very naive. I'm not doubting, or even skeptical, I just want further understanding.

    These claims are always made but never really expand on what the repercussions are. What exactly does it mean that things would be devastating to our modern electronics? Cell phones blowing up in our pants pocket? Computers catching on fire? I doubt those things mainly because something damaging enough to cause a gadget to self-immolate likely would be just as damaging to our biology. Is it stuff as (comparatively) mundane as everything needing to be reset/restarted? I have no doubt that's a huge pain in the ass and can cause legitimate issues depending on venue (satellites, power plants, airplanes, people driving, etc). Significant inconvenience yes and unfortunately deadly for some, but it does not seem like the literal 'death from above' that this comes across as.

    Electronic devices suddenly stopping, society is likely recoverable. Electronic devices suddenly self-immolating/exploding, society likely isn't recovering.

    [hollywood isn't make things easier either, everything either stops dead or explodes cataclysmic-ally]

    1. Re:What does this mean? by Feyshtey · · Score: 1

      The ramification would be that most devices with microchips would cease to function. And in today's world that's everything from cellphones, to cars, to refrigerators and the kitchen sink (literally, if it has a motion sensor to start the flow of water). The intense energy would essentially melt the circuitry in the chips, and maybe wiring in the device as well, if it were thin enough wires. It might short out and cause a fire or something. But you wont give a shit about a burn on your ass from the phone that blew up in your back pocket in a few days when you realize that every truck (and every other means of moving goods) that brings food to your local supermarkets stopped functioning, and theres no means to produce new ones because all the factories (and food producers for that matter) all shorted out too.

      --
      "But we have to pass the bill so that you can find out what is in it,..." - Nancy Pelosi
    2. Re:What does this mean? by TheCarp · · Score: 2

      These claims are always made but never really expand on what the repercussions are. What exactly does it mean that things would be devastating to our modern electronics?

      I was iffy on this myself, so I read slashdot comments. Now it is crystal clear.

      In the event of a major CME, just mains power, or possibly anything connected to mains power, would or would not be inoperable. Modern cars, and or, old cars would or would not work; as they may or may not be effected by EMPs which may or may not have similar effects.

      Total damages are hard to estimate but could range from longer netflix streaming latency to trillions of dollars.

      Hope that clears it up for you.

      --
      "I opened my eyes, and everything went dark again"
    3. Re:What does this mean? by cusco · · Score: 2

      Think of the Untied States trying to exist with 19th century technology for a couple of months. That's how bad it could be. The big equipment that runs the electrical grid is all custom made by a very few manufacturers with very long (as much as two years) backorder times in the best of conditions. End-user equipment may or may not be affected, but without power it's pretty much useless. Your car may run, but since the gasoline pumps are electric, as is all the equipment that runs the holding tanks, the pipelines and the refineries, you're not going very far with it. Food distribution system collapses without trucks, the rail system deadlocks without control systems, ships stack up in the harbor with no way to offload them. Farmers can only watch their crops whither and die in the field. Banking system goes belly up without the constant credit card traffic.

      Perhaps not 'death from above', unless you need surgery (operating rooms almost never have windows), but still pretty fucking catastrophic.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
  14. Re:Governments & Infrastructure by Feyshtey · · Score: 1

    You do realize that even if the government were to shield every power line and transformer in the country, they'd be sending power to billions of doorstops. Pretty much every device you want the government to protect power for has a chip that would completely blown out by a CME of this magnitude. You could maybe plug in something simple like a drill. But your phone, your refrigerator, your tv, your CAR.... They would all be irreperable pieces of shit. And I say irreperable, because if the chips in the devices were blow, so would all the replacement chips in the world, AND all the equipment used to make more.

    --
    "But we have to pass the bill so that you can find out what is in it,..." - Nancy Pelosi
  15. "From the Reuters article" - What Reuters article? by Walking+The+Walk · · Score: 1

    The summary says "From the Reuters article", but none of the links point to a story by Reuters. The links go to Nature, Wikipedia and UC Berkeley. The Berkeley article one doesn't mention Reuters; the Nature paper is paywalled, I can't check it's sources without forking over $32, but I would doubt it would rely on a news report as a source.

    --
    A recursive sig
    Can impart wisdom and truth
    Call proc signature()
  16. Re:I can't wait by Feyshtey · · Score: 1

    Yeah, you could be there with your parents in the moment you realize no one is shipping more food to your area because all the trucks, planes and ships are inoperable.

    --
    "But we have to pass the bill so that you can find out what is in it,..." - Nancy Pelosi
  17. 2.3 Trillion? Ooo...SCARY! by uCallHimDrJ0NES · · Score: 1

    The gubmint spends that much every few years. So, we double taxes for a few years, all the damage is undone. Whew...I'm glad this article reduced the concept to a number of dollars. THAT sure helped our comprehension.

    --
    Cloudiot: A person who does not see offsite storage as a way to lose control over access to his or her own data.
  18. Hungarian/English phrase book by wcrowe · · Score: 1

    "Coronal mass ejections, with in 2012, according to researchers."

    My hovercraft is full of eels.

    --
    Proverbs 21:19
    1. Re:Hungarian/English phrase book by ghmh · · Score: 1

      Turn left at the next set of lights, then pull over and replace your scratched tobbacconist.

  19. Re:A faraday cage has to be grounded to earth. by jeffb+(2.718) · · Score: 3, Informative

    You seem to think that the damage comes from stuffing too many electrons into a box. That's not how it works at all.

    A Faraday cage shields its contents, period. A magical tether to Mother Earth might make you feel better, but it makes no difference to Maxwell's equations.

    To put it in simpler and more specific terms, cars (and airplanes) frequently survive direct lightning strikes with no damage to their electrical systems. The energy from even a Carrington-level event, over the area of a car, is miniscule compared to the energy of a lightning strike. I'm not even sure it would exceed the energy of the static you build up scooting across the seat and then touching the door handle.

  20. Efficiency = lack of margin for safety by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Everyday I walk across a bridge built 120 years ago to carry horse and buggy traffic at 5 mph. Today it carries four lanes of traffic with city buses and 18 wheelers at some 40 mph. Would anyone even think of building something with this level of "over specification" or "over building"? Is it any wonder bridges hardly 40 years old designed to carry 18 wheelers at 65 mph are falling apart?

    Sometime back some small solar wind even knocked out a satellite. Normally it would not even be a blip in the radar. But that satellite was the link to credit card processing in the pay-at-the pump gas stations. Almost all these gas stations have cut down their employee down to one guy who sells chips and soda. Almost all the bays are self service. When the pay at the pump payment system got knocked out, people had to fill the car and walk in to pay that lone guy. Lines started forming, then the lines stretched, and reached the exit ramps of highways, and the highway started getting blocked. But at the end, after the mess cleared, still there is no incentive to create alternate routing or redundancy in the system.

    It costs money to make things secure. To make things robust. But if some company does it the right way and it competes with another company that does not, it is not going to be competitive. Yes, in the long run, catastrophe will strike and the chickens will come home to roost and the corner cutters would find themselves getting the short end of the stick. But, the non-corner-cutter could have been driven out of business before the catastrophe strikes.

    So it all depends on the frequency of the odd ball event. If the odd ball event is less frequent than once in a decade, there is no structural incentive for any manager to do the right thing. Most people change jobs once a decade and they will not be there to face the music. This is a systemic structural thing. The race to the bottom is the only race there is.

    It might not be a solar storm, or a terrestrial storm. It could be some fiber optic cable being accidentally severed. Or sabotaged. Or an oil spill blocks rail traffic somewhere. So don't think it is mere fear mongering or rationalize it saying solar storms are rare. Systematically our infrastructure has become very vulnerable without redundancy without factors of safety.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:Efficiency = lack of margin for safety by argStyopa · · Score: 1

      I guess I'd call this the natural order of things.

      We have, for example, a certain climate and conditions. It's been this way for 10's of 000's of years. In marine life, there are species that have evolved to be astonishingly successful in these conditions, outcompeting and marginalizing precursor species who were far more generalist but less efficient in these specific circumstances.
      Now that climate is changing, conditions are changing, and some of these hyperspecialist species are starting to falter and even go extinct. They simply can't cope with a wider range (or changed) of conditions. The previously-marginalized generalist species which had been pushed into inhospitable ecological niches (because that's the only place where they could compete better) are now becoming once again bountiful.

      I see modern 2014 humanity has a hyper-adapted specialist condition of humanity. It's almost inevitable that such a brittle structure will at some point (for us) catastrophically collapse. I can only hope it's only a collapse "back to" a more generalist state of knowledge and durability...rather than extinction/

      I'm not saying it's great, nor the best strategy; just drawing analogies.

      --
      -Styopa
    2. Re:Efficiency = lack of margin for safety by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1
      Both the libertarian ideal free markets and the general evolution of species are governed by the same dynamics. Optimize for short term versus long term, rigidly follow what worked before without trying anything new/seek novelty, hedgehog vs fox, etc. And both evolution and free markets do not foresee anything, they don't design for anything. They just keep creating variations and whatever survives survives. Neither evolution nor free market cares who wins or who loses.

      That is how natural selection and evolution works, but we don't accept it as the natural thing and resign ourselves to the fate. We constantly use artificial selection. We domesticated plants and animals, we constantly create new cutlivars and breeds. Same way we need not accept the libertarian ideal completely unfettered free market. We can shape the fitness landscape. Government should not pick winners or losers, but Government should stop the race to the bottom. We could demand certain level of resilience, certain level of redundancy in the systems, certain standards. As long as these rules apply to all players, the playing field is level and the free markets and the competition would work.

      This is nuanced defense for government regulations in the abstract, but I don't think I would be able to convince anyone. Takes too long, and too many people with vested interest disrupt the communication channels.

      --
      sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
  21. Surgery by candlelight? by swb · · Score: 2

    Does this mean they will extend the ACA deadline?

  22. EMP by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    Duh...

    I harden all my electronics against electromagnetic radiation using tinfoil!

    For extra sensitive systems I use the heavy duty stuff,,, It also works better in the BBQ!

  23. Re:"From the Reuters article" - What Reuters artic by Soulskill · · Score: 1

    The link was broken and not separated from the Nature link. I've updated it with different anchor text to make it more distinct.

  24. Modern Unit of Measure by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    [Damage] would have been tremendous. The potential global cost for such damage is pegged at $2.6 trillion."

    To convert it to a modern unit, that's about one Iraq-War's worth.

  25. Optimism is not called for by fyngyrz · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Old and Modern cars will be unaffected by a CME.

    Shhh. You'll ruin the fun - it makes a great urban legend

    Think for a moment.

    If the power grid goes down across the country for months or years -- the most likely serious direct consequence -- for any reason -- even if *nothing* else is damaged by the CME (or other form of EMP-related problem), then the consequences of the following avalanching issues in the affected area must be considered:

    o No fuel pumped for transport; none delivered -- so no troops, no relief forces unless from the other side of the planet

    o No heating fuel, no cooling power -- people will die just from this; if winter, water systems can freeze, more consequences

    o No food production -- uh oh

    o No food transport -- guess it doesn't matter there won't be any produced -- starving, desperate people everywhere, then dead ones

    o No power in hospitals -- more dead people

    o Manufacturing stops -- Everything you consume regularly will run out very quickly. Meds. Food. Soap. Clothing.

    o Drugs run out -- more people die, others suffer

    o Sanitation loses power -- ok, now everyone begins to die -- sanitation failure in our society would be catastrophic

    ...which overal will result in mass...

    o Starvation

    o Disease

    o Violence

    o Desperation

    o Die-off

    All these things are inevitable, given just that one simple, scientifically 100% possible consequence. Amidst all that, you know what will work? Almost every weapon in civilian hands, at least until the bullets run out, which could take a while. Then there are knives, hammers, cobbled together spears and pikes, makeshift swords (and a few real ones), you know, the usual stuff of mayhem. Death. Likely the carnage would begin within 24 hours of the food running out, and I think it's pretty obvious what our society would look like a week later. And do you think for a *moment* that a nation-sized relief effort could be successfully mounted by an ally (or an enemy) soon enough and comprehensively enough to preclude that week of madness? If you do, you are far more of an optimist than I am.

    It won't mean a thing that you have a car that can run. You're almost certainly going to die. Probably the first time you drive it in front of people who don't have something and think you just might have some of it in your car. Like, you know, food.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    1. Re:Optimism is not called for by ebno-10db · · Score: 1

      It won't mean a thing that you have a car that can run.

      Where did I say it did? I simply pointed out that "CME will fry your car" is a myth. CME will fry the electric grid is not a myth, and that's a monster of a problem. Many of the things you mention follow from that.

    2. Re:Optimism is not called for by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 2

      No fuel pumped for transport; none delivered -- so no troops, no relief forces unless from the other side of the planet

      It doesn't take a very big generator to power a fuel pump capable of filling a tanker truck, and the fuel to power the generator is right there. If his car is running, tractor-trailers still are too, so fuel will still be delivered. Gas stations can rig up the same hack to keep pumping fuel. Not conveniently, but there's about a million rednecks in the country who could do it with nothing but the tools lying loose in their trucks. The generators will still work for the same reasons the vehicles will still work—no long wires involved.

      No food production -- uh oh

      Does corn or wheat stop growing when the power goes out? Perhaps you meant food preparation. Yeah, fresh bread gets scarce in a hurry. But I've got a case of ramen sitting in my pantry that I'd forgotten about, and a charcoal grill and a bag of matchlight charcoal in the garage, so I've got enough staples to live on for a month, not even counting everything else in the pantry. Most of my neighbors have fancy-ass gas grills with a propane tank underneath, and I'm sure they've got ramen too. Yeah, asshole hipsters in New York and San Francisco are going to get hungry 'cause they can't go to the corner store every day anymore, but that's not my problem. If they started walking when the power goes out, they might get here by the time the power comes back on. But I doubt it. Half of them would start walking in the wrong direction and end up drowning.

      No food transport -- guess it doesn't matter there won't be any produced -- starving, desperate people everywhere, then dead ones

      See above concerning fuel transport. The hipsters can survive on Twinkies for a while. They might have to eat some transfats. Oh the horror.

      Manufacturing stops -- Everything you consume regularly will run out very quickly. Meds. Food. Soap. Clothing.

      You have a strange list of consumables, and an even stranger idea of how fast things get consumed. I don't think the Great Ejection Disaster is going to set my shirt on fire. A lack of new socks isn't going to bother me, not even for half a year. I've got enough soap to last that long too, 'cause I always buy the Walmart six pack. Food, already addressed. Medication, yeah, anybody who didn't just refill their prescriptions will have a problem, though it's not like every Walgreens is going to evaporate overnight. There are stocks on the shelves. Get in line early if you take something life-preserving.

      Would a major coronal mass ejection hitting Earth be a serious disaster? Definitely. Would it be as apocalyptic as you seem to think? Not even close. Just because you don't know what it takes to maintain a water delivery system doesn't mean someone else doesn't know, and doesn't deal with it every day. In some parts of the country, water delivery isn't even interrupted during such an event. In Denver, for instance, much of the metro area's water supply is gravity-pumped. Sewage almost everywhere is largely gravity-pumped, and there are many millions of septic tanks in use that don't require any pumps at all. Everywhere else, there's somebody who can open the breaker on the pump's power connection, and close it after the event is over. This happens all the time. It's not even unusual. Everything that moves needs maintenance, and somebody knows where the breaker box is.

      ---

      What's with people lately. Two "shit could break" stories in a week and Slashdot is jammed to the walls with Zombie Apocalypse comments. Get over it.

      There are people who get paid every day to keep civilization running. They're called blue collar workers, and if you weren't so busy lamenting their inevitable fate, you might be aware that they still exist, they still go to work every day, and they know how to fix shit you don't even know exis

    3. Re:Optimism is not called for by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

      Gas stations can rig up the same hack to keep pumping fuel.

      No. There's no power. So there's no credit card network. People don't have much cash. The banks are down because there's no network connection because there's no power, so the link to the federal reserve is severed, as well as the link to the charging networks. The vast majority of pumps are wired underground back to a controller in the building, which in turn is wired to a computerized cash register, which in turn is wired out to the parent company, none of which works, and isn't flexible enough to be converted to barter or significant back invoicing anyway. Getting those pumps running isn't as simple as your imaginary hacking the AC to the pump -- and it won't be done quickly, if at all, and it *surely* won't be done by your imaginary "redneck." Refineries won't be making any more fuel, either, so what there is will have to come from the NFR, which won't last long even it could be perfectly distributed to a fully working network of fueling stations, which as I say, won't be there.

      Does corn or wheat stop growing when the power goes out? Perhaps you meant food preparation.

      No, I meant exactly what I said. Without fuel -- and they will be without fuel -- the machines that do the harvesting won't run; the machines that do the transport of the food won't run; without power, the machines that clean and package the food won't run. Hence, no food production. Harvesting of meat animals is done with electric power tools. Big ones. You think you can keep up production with a knife and an axe and a hand saw? Ask a pro butcher to try it and see what happens to output rates. Liquid foods and other goods can't be prepped, sterilized, or packaged without power. All industry stops for the same reason -- the machines don't run.

      You have a strange list of consumables, and an even stranger idea of how fast things get consumed.

      No, I just have an up-to-date understanding of modern inventory practices, something you clearly lack. We no longer keep warehouses full of large quantities of individual items. Modern inventory practice is to constantly measure the demand, and have items flowing from production through transport to retail like "shit through a goose" to stay *just* ahead of that demand, as one famous product manager put it. This is true of most things today, and particularly so of foodstuffs and medicine. Without fuel, that flow stops. People will buy (or barter, or steal -- banks are down, remember) for what there is, and then there won't be any. Things with particularly short shelf lives or specific environmental requirements -- such as insulin, byetta, victoza, milk, eggs, meat, most fruits, and most vegetables -- are kept at almost zero inventory, just a few days supply, if that. Even if there is some in a warehouse somewhere, you seem to have forgotten that distribution is computerized -- it'd be one hell of a challenge to try and set up manual distribution, even assuming you had transport, which you would not, because there would be little to no fuel, and no one would have decent records of how much needs to go where, and communications are down (no power) so no one can find out in any kind of reasonable time frame, either. Would some stuff get here or there? Sure. Would it be enough? Not a chance in hell. When some things remain available, if they get scarce, if they're considered critical, people will do anything to get them. Your kid a serious diabetic? They tell you there's only one vial left and they're saving it for the mayor's kid? Guns will come out. When there's none in the conventional pharmacy, hospitals will be the next supply stop in line, and they'll run out in very short order as well -- although since they won't have refrigeration after their generators run out, nor will most citizens, things like insulin will not store well or at all, and that will put an extra load o

      --
      I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    4. Re:Optimism is not called for by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 1

      A finer example of the Dunning-Kruger effect I haven't seen in quite a long time.

      No, I meant exactly what I said. Without fuel -- and they will be without fuel -- the machines that do the harvesting won't run...

      No, they won't be without fuel.

      I grew up on a farm. Where do you think tractors get fuel? I'll give you a hint. You'll never see a tractor at your local gas station. Farms, even very small farms, have their own large fuel dumps and buy fuel in bulk.

      The farm I lived on had both a gasoline tank and a diesel tank. Diesel is a no-brainer—farms buy it in bulk, colored pink, because it's much cheaper than buying fuel from a retail station because it's exempt from road taxes. Not all tractors run on diesel however, so you also buy gasoline by the tanker-load. On the farm on which I lived, we kept approximately one year of operating fuel on site. Larger farms keep less than that, but still keep a very large quantity on hand. Oh, and the gasoline tank? The pump was hand-cranked. No power outage could stop me from pumping gasoline, and gasoline is what is used to power portable generators, and the goddamn diesel pump has a goddamn plug. If the power is out and you want diesel, you plunk your generator down next to it and plug it in. There is no "OMG fuel is impossibly inaccessible" scenario. Retail stations are a little bit harder to deal with, but not nearly as hard as you seem to think.

      No, I just have an up-to-date understanding of modern inventory practices, something you clearly lack.

      You have something you read online somewhere and now you think you know everything. My cousin has worked in a food distribution warehouse for the past 8 years. Not all supply chains are created equal. Yes, there is very little depth in perishables, but perishables are neither essential nor even the bulk of what is eaten. Dry goods have a supply chain as much as half a year deep. Canned goods have a supply chain as much as two years deep. Other non-perishables have supply chains that run at least three months deep. That Easter candy you're buying right now? It was made five or six months ago. It was packaged for retail sale 3 months ago. It sits in a warehouse between times.

      That doesn't even count unprocessed grains in silos, of which there are many millions of tons, already harvested (in case your "OMG combine harvester fuel is permanently inaccessible" scenario actually does come to pass). The farm I lived on and all the neighboring farms siloed the harvest and kept it, usually for months. Any modern successful farm is being run by someone who is watching the commodities and futures markets and making sale decisions that maximize financial gain. The farmer has explicit control over when he sells and when he delivers. It is only very loosely tied to the seasons, and the larger the farm, the looser the connection, since the largest farms can afford the largest silo complexes.

      But all of this is irrelevant.

      Look. I'm an engineer. I not only know a good deal about most "shit", as you put it, I have designed more than one system from end to end and I am not intimidated in the least by any system you could think of in normal use. What you seem to lack is any understanding at all of how things actually work...

      Really. I don't believe you.

      I am an engineer, but I have expertise you so obviously lack in the field that matters here. I spent six years writing software for testing equipment for electrical wires, including power wiring. I don't have a Ph.D. in power systems engineering from the University of Missouri at Rolla, but my coworker in the office across the hall from mine did. I know how power systems work. Most importantly, I know the thing about the grid that you don't. Say hello to your friendly neighborhood circuit breaker. You should read the whole article.

  26. Induction thresholds by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

    you need loops of wire hundreds of km long or more.

    No. You don't. Refer back to the Carrington event; the telegraph lines in use at the time were not anywhere near that long; they were (electrically and conduction wise) broken up by repeater stations and relay stations at typical intervals of ten miles or so. Even so, enough energy was induced in those lines to set them, and the telegraph offices they were connected to, on fire.

    Our modern power grid is similar in most places; broken up by transformers quite regularly, but here's the key difference: a repeater station does not pass along the incoming energy: a transformer will. Not for long, but it doesn't take long. And where we *do* have long lines, those lines are extremely high voltage already, and it will do enormous harm to piggyback even more on top of the normal operating conditions. Installations like the major interties will likely fail catastrophically, and without power, where do you think replacement parts will come from?

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    1. Re:Induction thresholds by Areyoukiddingme · · Score: 1

      Installations like the major interties will likely fail catastrophically, and without power, where do you think replacement parts will come from?

      A warehouse in Topeka?

      The major utilities are indeed run by greedy bastards, but even greedy bastards keep spare parts on hand, especially of cheap things that are basically just big hunks of wood or metal. My local power company has at least a dozen house transformers sitting in the neighborhood depot that I've seen with my own eyes, so even slightly complicated spare parts are on hand. Now my local power company is an award-winning co-op, so maybe they're better run than some. Still, there are spares locally available pretty much everywhere. Not enough to replace every piece of the grid, but enough to get things moving again.

    2. Re:Induction thresholds by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

      It's not the house transformers that are the problem. It's the big ones; and those can take years to get. Ask your power company. Our radio club did as part of disaster preparedness. We were told that if the big hardware failed, much of it was very unique and could not be replaced off the shelf more than once or twice. Normal manufacturing times were in the months, and inventory was very low (because these things are immensely expensive. Hundreds of thousands of dollars each.) Now, think: everything blows out, everywhere. How does all that stuff get replaced? Even if manufacturing was still going, which it would not be, it still wouldn't be quick. Remember, the grid isn't just down because breakers have opened -- it's ruined.

      There's little cause for optimism here, and every reason for concern.

      And this is just in the case of a power grid failure, nothing else. If it's worse -- and it could well be -- then recovery is that much further down the line. Likewise, if the source is worse -- a serious EMP event, for instance -- all this is madly optimistic.

      --
      I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    3. Re:Induction thresholds by Agripa · · Score: 1

      They do not keep many if any spares for the larger transformers which are usually custom designs.

      This article is from 2009 discusses the capability at that time to manufacture replacements:

      http://energyskeptic.com/2013/...

  27. Re:A faraday cage has to be grounded to earth. by Matt_Bennett · · Score: 2

    Oh my, AC has absolutely no idea about how electricity works.

    Electricity always flows in a loop, every time, without exception, period. No loop, no current. No current, no energy. Sometimes the loop includes the capacitance of one disconnected piece of metal next to another, but that also limits the current, and therefore, energy. Sometimes the insulation breaks down, or the field is strong enough to cause an arc to jump the gap.

    If welding on your vehicle caused a problem it is because you put the ground clamp in the wrong place, and current passed through something it shouldn't have, which could be because something you thought was a good ground wasn't. Battery connected or disconnected makes no difference.

  28. Re:A faraday cage has to be grounded to earth. by Lodlaiden · · Score: 1

    I've had a couple mufflers welded on. The guy has never disconnected my battery; though he usually clamps an additional ground to the frame to absorb the energy.

    --
    Suborbital [spaceflight] is the special olympics of spaceflight. - Rei
  29. Re:What? Our utilities are legislated monopolies. by cusco · · Score: 1

    Where do you live? Wherever it is, your situation is unusual.

    --
    "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
  30. 2.6 trillions? by manu0601 · · Score: 1

    I am glad to discover that natural disasters cost less than made-made subprimes mortgage crisis.

    Capitalism remains the biggest threat to itself.