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Florida Judge Rules IP Address Can't Identify a BitTorrent Pirate

An anonymous reader writes "Florida District Court Judge Ursula Ungaro has dismissed a lawsuit brought by Malibu Media against an alleged BitTorrent pirate. Though Malibu Media explained how they geolocated the download site and verified that the IP address was residential rather than a public wifi hotspot, the judge reasoned that the 'Plaintiff has not shown how this geolocation software can establish the identity of the Defendant....Even if this IP address is located within a residence, the geolocation software cannot identify who has access to that residence's computer and who would actually be using it to infringe Plaintiff's copyright.' Judge Ungaro's ruling is not the first of its kind, but it could signal a growing legal trend whereby copyright lawsuits can no longer just hinge on the acquisition of an IP address."

31 of 158 comments (clear)

  1. First by Trax3001BBS · · Score: 2

    I run a hot spot from my router, open to all.

    1. Re:First by Charliemopps · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Traffic shaping. There's plenty of free software out there... you give yourself priority over all other traffic. They can use it for free but as soon as you hop on you get first dibs. Liability for what strangers do with your open wifi is another thing. Sure, you may eventually win in court but when the police haul you out of work on child porn charges how victorious will you feel when you finally get cleared 3 years later after spending your last dime on lawyers?

    2. Re:First by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2

      How is this "a growing trend"? I thought it was settled law by now.

      For at least the last 3 years, every court case I have seen that deals with this (and there have been more than a few) has ended with the same ruling. In both state and federal court.

      And no wonder: it's physical fact. My wifi does not even identify my residence, much less me. I see other people logged in all the time. (To my open guest account, that is.)

      At my last place of residence, I had my router (with a great signal) open to the neighborhood there, too, and people a block away would log in. And even people driving or parked nearby with their cell phones on.

    3. Re:First by thegarbz · · Score: 3, Informative

      You do realise many routers on the market now offer virtual WiFi hotspots with QoS right? I mean out of the box mine came with the option of having an all singing all dancing SSID and another called Guest which will flow like molasses but none the less allow party goers to pull up wikipedia when drunk and arguing about pointless stuff.

  2. A competent Judge in Florida? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    There has to be a blind squirrel involved somehow.

  3. GeoLocation is not evidence by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I'm connected to an ISP in Brisbane, Australia. But my ISP bought a block of IP addresses from someone else so most GeoLocation services tell me I'm sitting somewhere in France.

    1. Re:GeoLocation is not evidence by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      > most GeoLocation services tell me I'm sitting somewhere in France.

      How would you prove them wrong? You could put marmite on your baguette, but marmite is also known in France. Perhaps put some marmite on your router?

    2. Re:GeoLocation is not evidence by anubi · · Score: 5, Insightful

      When I try to log anything going through my system, I get all sorts of activity that I have no earthly idea what it is... but if I block it, there will be some app that suddenly stops working.

      I am reticent to block all activity except for known ports, as a lot of today's software requires me to run the stuff open so they can communicate with their home base.

      I would be in violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act if I were to reverse engineer the code to find out exactly what they wanted. So, in accordance of my understanding of the Terms of Compliance with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which was bought by the Copyright Holders, I run my wireless nodes that pass information subject to softwares governed by the DMCA wide open. I do not attempt to monitor, reverse engineer, or try to "break their codes". Like watching activity on the street, its not my issue with what other people are doing. Its been my experience that interfering in other people's doings is not very healthful.

      The Copyright Industry has fought long and hard, spending countless resources to have law passed that makes ignorance of how one's stuff works as a condition of lawful compliance with their terms and conditions. We are now getting a lawfully compliant population who leaves every port on their system open because some copyright holder might want to use that port, closing it will cause the system to malfunction. Troubleshooting and repairing the malfunction is now defined by our Congress as being in violation of Copyright Law.

      For my critical stuff, which I have not signed away any rights, I can still communicate securely, but for the commercial stuff, which I agreed to leave access wide open, I comply.

      But as far as my wireless access points...

      I HAVE NO EARTHLY IDEA WHAT IS GOING THROUGH IT.

      Nor, do I feel I am lawfully allowed to know.

      As far as I am concerned, I am running a public toilet.

      Anyone is welcome as long as they don't come in and make a mess.

      --
      "Prove all things; hold fast that which is good." [KJV: I Thessalonians 5:21]

    3. Re:GeoLocation is not evidence by rtb61 · · Score: 2

      At the end of the day the ISP provides those IP addresses based upon time of use and with sufficient security to allow a bill in the tens of dollar range. Considering that this is the sole evidence in infringements that could result in penalties of hundreds of thousands of dollars any ISP providing this evidence should be forced to warrant the accuracy of this evidence to tune of at least one million dollars (get it wrong and they owe the defendant this for a false accusation) or clearly state that the information provide is just an estimate in line with likely charges of tens of dollars.

      What you have is agents of the copyright holders who have a vested interest in the creation of charges whether real or fabricated, targeted at IP addresses they claim to be infringing at a particular time subject to them being paid nothing if they do not find infringers. These claims then used to legally force ISPs to hand over data aligned with those claims, this data in turn only of security, accuracy and cost to balance against charges in the tens of dollars ranges with no penalty for inaccurate information being supplied, especially when the ISPs own employees within the ISPs facilities could be the perpetrators and could seek to hide their activities behind their customers.

      Now add to all of this, the proof of the lack of security of computer systems by the NSA readily being able to hack any users computer systems, allowing any like minded criminal to do much the same as those criminal NSA agents. In fact there is a whole industry struggling to keep out computer viruses, trojans, worms, backdoors and phishing attacks (how can any normally computer skilled person hop to succeed where professionals fail). How can any sound and reasoned minded judge adjudicated that any evidence as unsubstantiated and circumstantial as that be accepted in court as the sole evidence of the case.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    4. Re:GeoLocation is not evidence by vux984 · · Score: 4

      But it's still that guy's subscription...

      So? If you use my golf clubs to beat a homeless man, that's on you, not me.

      such activity still can violate the TOS of the ISP... and regardless of who was doing it, it can still be reasonably grounds for termination of service.

      The service contract with the ISPs is at the ISPs discretion. 3rd parties can't dictate what the ISP does with your service.

      If somebody was actually doing this without authorization and without his knowledge, then the person will hopefully take something positive from the experience and learn how to properly secure their own network so that it doesn't happen again.

      Or better still he will continue to refuse to bow down to silly oppressive tactics, and will do what he wants with his wifi, instead of cowering in fear.

  4. a lot of innocent neighbors... by harvey+the+nerd · · Score: 2

    ...and grandparents can breathe easier today.

  5. X-Art Shakedown Failing? by GumphMaster · · Score: 5, Interesting

    This is one of those cases where the settlement shakedown, even with the threat of publicly exposing one's porn viewing habits, has failed. Some more here: https://www.eff.org/cases/mali.... Maybe they will eventually give up the cause but I expect the X-Art lawyers to keep going in every other district and jurisdiction while there is still a buck to be extracted.

    --
    Patent litigation: A doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction... in which everyone seems willing to push the button
    1. Re:X-Art Shakedown Failing? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      i know it's passe to read the article, but if you had, you wouldn't have even posted..

      Malibu Media, which runs the site "x-art," files civil complaints in courts around the country. Each complaint accuses an anonymous Internet user of illegally downloading and sharing one or more of Malibu's movies. But the complaint goes further: Malibu attaches a list of other movies and files that Malibu accuses the user of copying illegally. Some of them have titles that are far more lewd and embarrassing than the titles of Malibu's own movies. But Malibu doesn't own the copyright in those other movies, and can't actually sue over them. There's no legitimate reason to attach that list of other titles to a complaint, because complaints in federal court are not the place for laying out evidence. They're just to initiate a case and let the other side know what the case is about. But adding some really embarrassing titles to a complaint and filing it on a public court docket ups the embarrassment factor and discourages innocent people from standing up for themselves in court. (It's not clear what those extra titles would add to a court case, anyway - most judges would bar them from being read to a jury.)

  6. Sudden outbreak of common sense? by halfEvilTech · · Score: 4, Funny

    I mean of all places florida?

  7. What about comcast wifi that offers hotspots to ot by Joe_Dragon · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What about Comcast wifi routers that offers hotspots to other Comcast subs with there newer wifi routers being placed at homes. What do they show up as?

  8. Comparable to... by hedgemage · · Score: 2

    IANAL but isn't making the assumption that the registered user of an IP address is responsible for any and all illegal activity that involve that IP address the same kind of leap of logic that you'd make if you assumed that any crime committed with a gun directly implicates the registered owner of said firearm?

    1. Re:Comparable to... by techno-vampire · · Score: 2

      Remember, we're talking about civil suits here, where the burden of proof is "preponderance of evidence," not "beyond a reasonable doubt" as it is in a criminal proceeding. Even if you have an open WiFi hotspot, it's not enough to show that somebody else could have used it. In order to win with that defense, you'd have to show that somebody else probably did leach off your connection and download whatever it was. In this case, the judge ruled that the fact that the plaintiffs knew what physical location was using the IP address in question didn't give sufficient probable cause for a warrant. Without a warrant, they can't get any evidence to use in court, so this suit is probably dead in the water.

      --
      Good, inexpensive web hosting
  9. Don't get too excited. by xigxag · · Score: 4, Insightful

    You know how this will eventually play out. They'll wind up amending the law to state that whoever the ip address is assigned to is prima facie liable and will have to prove their innocence. Loophole closed.

    --
    There are two kinds of people: 1) those who start arrays with one and 1) those who start them with zero.
    1. Re:Don't get too excited. by Fned · · Score: 3, Funny

      "wouldn't they", nothin' Done and done.

  10. Get excited, but in a bad way by Theaetetus · · Score: 2

    You know how this will eventually play out. They'll wind up amending the law to state that whoever the ip address is assigned to is prima facie liable and will have to prove their innocence. Loophole closed.

    Not just that, because the pro-privacy/freedom side is just gloating about how they keep getting wins, while the MPAA/RIAA/anti-privacy side is busy lobbying, any eventual amendment will likely be the worst possible amendment, with no input from the pro- side.

  11. Re:That needed a judge? by Runaway1956 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You mean, if I were to sneak into your home, and run an ethernet wire to your modem, then attach a wifi router so that I could torrent from down the street, your IP address would definitely pin my activity on you? Cool - I'll be there Friday morning!

    --
    "Windows is like the faint smell of piss in a subway: it's there, and there's nothing you can do about it." - Charlie Br
  12. Re:What about comcast wifi that offers hotspots to by LMariachi · · Score: 2

    An airtight defense.

  13. Ruling good. STORY WRONG. by gavron · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The ruling is good. Let's enjoy that.

    However, this is a HORRIBLE writeup. It suggests that "...IP-address evidence can't identify the person who actually downloaded the pirated file."

    Under current US law:
    1. There is no copyright infringement in downloading a file.
    2. Files are. They just are. They are not "pirated files."
    3. MAKING INFRINGING CONTENT AVAILABLE TO OTHERS is what is considered copyright infringement/distribution. THAT is why an IP address is important... if one SHARES and MAKES AVAILABLE A FILE. It takes a court to determine whether the actions constitute an actionable behavior.

    I can't believe Torrentfreak got it wrong. At least they got the headline right. And this is a good ruling.
    Hopefully fightcopyrighttrolls.com and dietrolldie.com won't make that mistake.

  14. Re:car analogy? by mysidia · · Score: 4, Informative

    See it's like someone identifying your car in a crime. Doesn't prove you ere driving.

    They didn't identify your car in the crime --- they identified a car that had your license plate on it. Someone else with a nearby/similar vehicle may have been "borrowing" your plate (with or without permission)

  15. Re:That needed a judge? by Charliemopps · · Score: 5, Informative

    You don't understand how torrents work then. Quite a few years ago a group of college students got the RIAA to send take down notices to a campus printer, router and several other pieces of electronics. IP addresses mean absolutely nothing unless you control the entire network from end to end.

  16. Re:Ruling good. STORY WRONG. by Theaetetus · · Score: 2

    I beg to differ.

    Please provide a source cite to a statute that indicates the act of "downloading" (feel free to massage as appropriate; I am not splitting hairs) is unlawful.

    17 USC 106:

    Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:
    (1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords...

    What you were referring to in your earlier post was the distribution right. That's farther down in the statute:

    (3) to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;

    So, yes, you were right that uploading - or distributing copies - is infringement. But you're wrong, in that downloading - or making copies - is also infringement.

    For example, check out 17 USC 117, which contains an exception under which copying is not infringement:

    (a) Making of Additional Copy or Adaptation by Owner of Copy.— Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106, it is not an infringement for the owner of a copy of a computer program to make or authorize the making of another copy or adaptation of that computer program provided:
    (1) that such a new copy or adaptation is created as an essential step in the utilization of the computer program in conjunction with a machine and that it is used in no other manner, or
    (2) that such new copy or adaptation is for archival purposes only and that all archival copies are destroyed in the event that continued possession of the computer program should cease to be rightful.

    This is a very important exception, because it (1) allows copying from a hard drive to RAM; or (2) copying to a backup drive or CD. But if you don't meet those exceptions, then copying is infringement.

    As for the lawyer cited, he isn't a very good lawyer: "Fighting a subpoena that attempts to reveal your identity is a waste of money because you will reveal your identity by fighting it."
    Lawyers that give advice on the Internet are not creme de la creme. Lawyers that give incorrect advice less so.

    On the other hand, people should never take legal advice about copyright from someone who's apparently never read the copyright act.

  17. Re:car analogy? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    No.The car analogy is wrong and stupid here because of wifi. Anyone passing by your house or living near you could crack your wifi and do whatever they want. There is also the possibility that your computer becomes a part of someone's botnet, where they can control it from anywhere in the world.

    Also, just because your IP showed up in a torrent swarm doesn't mean you were actually distributing copyrighted materials at all. BitTorrent is not illegal. Downloading is not illegal.

  18. lucky bastards by viperidaenz · · Score: 2

    In my country the owner of the ISP account is liable.

    1. Re:lucky bastards by hawkinspeter · · Score: 2

      Does that apply to the actions of any children in the house as well? Does that mean that if a kid sent a raunchy selfie to someone using that IP address, the account owner could get prosecuted for producing kiddie porn?

      --
      You're a temporary arrangement of matter sliding towards oblivion in a cold, uncaring universe
  19. Re:That needed a judge? by kthreadd · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Why even bother with a cable. It's not impossible to crack wireless networks.

  20. Re:car analogy? by inasity_rules · · Score: 2

    Sacrilege! The car analogy is always appropriate! Burn the AC Heretic! All we need do is make the analogy more out of this world; if someone 3d printed a copy of your car (license plates included), should you be liable for their crimes with the copy of the vehicle?

    --
    I have determined that my sig is indeterminate.