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Kiwi Genetically Closer to Extinct Elephant Birds Than to the Emu

"A new study by the University of Adelaide's Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD), has solved a 150-year-old evolutionary mystery about the origins of the giant flightless 'ratite' birds, such as the emu and ostrich, which are found across the southern continents. This group contains some of the world's largest birds - such as the extinct giant moa of New Zealand and elephant birds of Madagascar. ... [A]ncient DNA extracted from bones of two elephant birds held by the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, has revealed a close genetic connection with the kiwi, despite the striking differences in geography, morphology and ecology between the two." Which means that the emu is not, as conventional wisdom has long held, the kiwi's closest link. Here's more on the research from the University of Adelaide.

46 comments

  1. News for birds... by KingOfBLASH · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    ...stuff that matters?

    1. Re:News for birds... by RamiKro · · Score: 1

      The pursuit of tastier and bigger chickens always matters.

    2. Re:News for birds... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      stuff that splatters

    3. Re:News for birds... by dbIII · · Score: 2

      A 275kg (600 pound) bird three metres (10 feet) tall doesn't matter?
      How about if it's yellow?

    4. Re:News for birds... by KingOfBLASH · · Score: 0

      Still don't care. Unless you can make buffalo wings from it. ::drools:: mmmm...giant buffalo wings...

    5. Re:News for birds... by Carewolf · · Score: 2

      Why do you think they went extinct upon first contact with humans?

    6. Re:News for birds... by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      That's what you get when you give Col. Sanders an expedition corps.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    7. Re:News for birds... by C0R1D4N · · Score: 2

      I happen to work at a safari which has rhea, ostrich and emu; so I found this to be very helpful to me :)

    8. Re:News for birds... by CRCulver · · Score: 2

      A recent visit to Madagascar really put paid to any naive belief I might have had that "primitive tribes" lived in harmony with nature. Sure, the death blow to the island's forest cover is being dealt now by an industrial China hungry for exotic wood, but in fact the bulk of deforestation happened before European colonialism. The island's giant bird (said to be the inspiration for the roc of Arab legend) was also hunted to extinction well before human beings showed up.

      A pre-industrial society can do plenty of damage on its own.

    9. Re:News for birds... by Senior+Frac · · Score: 2

      You really have to try hard to come up with a headline that makes even the most hardcore slashdotter scream "OMG what a NERD" when reading it.

    10. Re:News for birds... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 2

      The island's giant bird (said to be the inspiration for the roc of Arab legend) was also hunted to extinction well before human beings showed up.

      Well before human being showed up???

      What were they hunted by? Giant cats?

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    11. Re:News for birds... by CRCulver · · Score: 1

      Oops, sorry, my mistake, I meant to write "Well before Europeans showed up".

    12. Re:News for birds... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      That's that EEEVIL Eurocentrism I've heard about, isn't it?

      In any case, I agree completely. Primitive people are more than capable of screwing up the ecology without any help from the rest of us, and are generally too ignorant and poor to have any real chance of doing anything other than screwing things up....

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    13. Re:News for birds... by rossdee · · Score: 0

      What continent has all three of those birds?

    14. Re:News for birds... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      One that has heard of 'importing'.

    15. Re:News for birds... by davester666 · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately, also has the taste of elephant...

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
    16. Re:News for birds... by joh · · Score: 1

      Humans have started to heavily wreck the environment long before modern times, yes.

      This is hardly surprising. Humans were neophytes almost everywhere and disrupted the local fauna and flora. They also multiplied like rabbits.

      But this has become a global problem now, with more than 7 billion of us. The number of existing species is plummeting, just like the number of living animals of all species that are not our pets or cattle. We are the cause of a modern mass extinction event that is very similar to the handful of former extinction events, just that it happens much faster.

    17. Re:News for birds... by MoaDweeb · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Mate, this matters to New Zealanders! For 20 years our national symbol has been linked as a descendant of the Australian ratites, coupled with our national inferiority complex (see below) the psychological impact has been devastating. Now we are free to clomp around with the flightless chicken-sized kiwi free from any Australian associations.

      --
      New Zealanders are well balanced with a chip on each shoulder. One represents Australia, the other the rest of the world
  2. New Zealanders? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Had to read this twice before I realised they weren't talking about New Zealanders in general.

    1. Re:New Zealanders? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Had to read this twice before I realised they weren't talking about New Zealanders in general.

      considering another recent study on the increasing obesity rate among kiwi woman I am starting to see a link

  3. Jurassic Park? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ok, having read several of these stories now, I'm calling bullshit on that one study a while back that said DNA would only last a few hundred years. We've got partial DNA matches from giant elephant birds and woolly mammoths and etc. Now where the heck is my Jurassic Park?

  4. OMG! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This changes everything!

  5. Boondoggle science by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The next time some idiot says, "Without government support, we wouldn't have any science!!!" point out this shit.

    As if all government "investment" is NASA-level research right? (Hey, it gave us billion dollar tang ;-).

    Does anyone actually think Adelaide's Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) sounds like a good way to allocate our scarce resources? And are they willing to pay for it themselves?

    1. Re:Boondoggle science by Trepidity · · Score: 2

      Yeah, what has biology ever done for us...

    2. Re:Boondoggle science by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Scarce?

  6. why compare birds to a fruit? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It seems silly to compare a kiwi to an ostrich. What's next, comparing bananas to snakes?

    1. Re:why compare birds to a fruit? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Rather not. "Bananas on a plane" sounds more like something you get from Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    2. Re:why compare birds to a fruit? by rossdee · · Score: 1

      When I was a kid the fruit was called chinese goosberry

  7. News for birds. Stuff that splatters. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...once upon a time.

  8. bbq by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The sad thing about both the moa and the elephant bird is that these marvelous creatures were both doing fine up until a few hundred years ago. Unfortunately they both tasted a bit too much like chicken to our ancestors.

  9. Neither New Zealand Inhabitants nor Fruit by MaizeMan · · Score: 1

    And here I was looking forward to an argument about how large birds and delicious fuzzy brown fruit are NOT in fact closely related.

    1. Re:Neither New Zealand Inhabitants nor Fruit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1
  10. Jurassic Park? Its possible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    story

    Yea, that 100 year thing has been known to be wrong for a while now. They have actual DNA from a T-Rex from 68 million years ago. Not common, but it happens on rare occasions.

    There is also a guy trying to "clone" T-Rex from chickes by messing with the protiens as the chicken develops in the egg. I believe he has gotten teeth and a bigger tail from chickens doing this, just to prove its "somewhat possible".

  11. Where Is My Lunch? by JimSadler · · Score: 1

    Maybe we can get enough DNA to bring back these big birds. But then again it seems like our society screws things up. Remember the ostrich craze? People spent huge sums to get ostriches under the theory that an ostrich ranch was the next big thing. Supposedly businesses just could not get enough ostrich parts and the meat was going to be a big seller as well. The price of an ostrich passed 80K.. But none of us are seeing ostrich meat at the markets. I wonder how many millions were lost on the ostrich scams. The earth worm scam preceded the ostrich scam. People invested a lot of money getting supplies to start farming worms in warehouses. they were told that that the shampoo industry used protein from worms and all were told they could make a fortune with the worms doing the work.

    1. Re:Where Is My Lunch? by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      plenty of ostrich ranches are still in business. and emu ranches too. Eight out of ten business startups fail anyway, regardless of what the business is.

    2. Re:Where Is My Lunch? by synaptic · · Score: 4, Informative

      My folks raised ostriches, rheas, and emus during the breeder's market craze. I think the most we paid for an adult breeding pair was $35k. The ostriches laid anywhere from 40-60 eggs/yr, sometimes more, which we incubated and hatched. Ostrich chicks were sold for $1500-3000/ea at a few days to a few weeks old. Our facilities were inspected by the USDA and we were licensed by them. Occasionally we would sell fertile eggs for ~$1000/ea.

      Consider a cow that requires grazing space and has one, maybe two calves a year. An ostrich pair can produce >40x the many offspring in less space and the chicks mature to slaughter age in 14 months, the same as a cow. A single male can service a dozen females and this can all be done in a few acres of land, with less waste products as well. Our rheas were much more prolific, with one of our breeding pairs churning out over 120 fertile eggs per year. Our emus didn't produce well.

      The ostrich cornea was said to be compatible with humans, the feathers are in demand, and the leather is strong and light. Even the egg shells have been used by Faberge and others. I didn't really care for an ostrich egg omlette but the meat is low in both cholesterol and fat like chicken or turkey meat but is a red meat. The adults weigh around 300lbs.

      There were sometimes problems though. We had issues with egg shells that were too thick where the chicks couldn't peck through it and we would have to drill through the shell and help them hatch. Impaction was a big issue as the chicks would basically eat so much grass they would get bound up and couldn't get any nutrients. I did the autopsies. They will also eat any shiny piece of metal or nails and die. And if their body grows too fast, their legs cannot support the weight and they get bowed legs and other leg problems. The older birds will sometimes die just from the stress of being moved. We had a yearling once that walked on a slick surface and lost its footing, blowing out its knees and there's little you can do to help them recover from that. These problems aren't intractable, the poultry industry has solved a lot of them, and some of it was due to our own ignorance about proper feeding schedules and diet.

      I still think there are merits for eating ostrich meat over cow meat. I feel like an ostrich farm can scale larger than a cow farm with less environmental impact. But I just don't think Americans want to eat ostriches.

    3. Re:Where Is My Lunch? by LMariachi · · Score: 1

      Most Americans would be eager to eat ostriches if they'd ever interacted with one.

    4. Re:Where Is My Lunch? by bloodhawk · · Score: 1

      still in business yes, but the operating now at more realistic prices and production levels for such a niche product.

    5. Re:Where Is My Lunch? by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      yup, just like any other new startup space

    6. Re:Where Is My Lunch? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Some years ago, my girlfriend's parents' neighbors had an ostrich farm, and we were given 25 pounds of ground ostrich. It wasn't bad, at first, but after a few weeks of the stuff, I began to dread the prospect of another meal containing ostrich. It has a distinct flavor. I think we finally threw away the last few pounds because neither of us could face eating it. But, then again, I think I'd probably begin to feel the same way about beef, if I had to eat it for every meal, so there's that.

    7. Re:Where Is My Lunch? by Jmc23 · · Score: 1
      You do know the poultry industry's 'solution' for their over feeding regimes of garbage the animals aren't meant to eat is to restrict all their movement right? Then just package up the bits of the 'unfortunates' and presto mechanically seperated meat. Though one or two broken or mutated limbs can just be hacked off and sold as a utility chicken.

      No, we definitely do not need more ostrich farms and more of these 'solutions'.

      --
      Don't complain about syntax, grammar, or spelling. There is no.hell like input on android.
  12. Explains the big eggs? by silvermorph · · Score: 1

    If kiwis are related to the much bigger elephant birds, that might explain why they lay such ridiculously big eggs - they've shrunk but their eggs haven't caught up yet.

  13. Radio interview with reasearcher by Rangataua · · Score: 2

    Radio NZ did a 40 minute interview with evolutionary biologist Alan Cooper (the lead researcher) on Saturday. It is well worth a listen if you've got the time.