Slashdot Mirror


Official MPG Figures Unrealistic, Says UK Auto Magazine

Taco Cowboy (5327) writes "Research carried out by UK consumer magazine What Car? which concluded that official manufacturers' MPG figures are unrealistic. Based on the research, new car buyers in the UK who trust official, government-sanctioned fuel economy figures will pay an average of £1,000 (€1,216) more than they expect on fuel over a three-year period. Since launching True MPG two years ago, What Car? has tested almost 400 cars in real-world conditions, using cutting-edge test equipment and achieving economy figures that are on average 19% lower than the government figures."

42 of 238 comments (clear)

  1. Real-world conditions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Under-inflated tires, lousy fuel, ignored maintenance, rapid acceleration, more than one occupant / actual cargo, stop-and-go traffic, air pollution, air pressure variation, air temperature variation, elevation variation...

    And these are just a few of the things that would cause your "official" MPG figures to deviate from observations.

    1. Re:Real-world conditions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Probably also driving too fast... European emission standards require testing at 90km/h, while the max speed in most EU countries is 120 or 130km/h

    2. Re:Real-world conditions by Chrisq · · Score: 5, Informative

      Under-inflated tires, lousy fuel, ignored maintenance, rapid acceleration, more than one occupant / actual cargo, stop-and-go traffic, air pollution, air pressure variation, air temperature variation, elevation variation...

      And these are just a few of the things that would cause your "official" MPG figures to deviate from observations.

      That's all true, but manufacturers go to great lengths to inflate the figure. They disconnect the alternator, tape up cracks in the bodywork to improve airflow, remove wing mirrors(!), disconnect the brakes to reduce friction and use special oils in the engine to improve efficiency. Figures are not just a bit off but way off. My car has an official figure of 68.9mpg. On a good trip, driving on a flat road at about 70 mph I can get 54, but my usual average is 35 mpg. This is with gentle driving, I can easily take it down to 25 if I don't take care.

    3. Re:Real-world conditions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      That's all true, but manufacturers go to great lengths to inflate the figure.

      I do wonder how someone so odiously dishonest as to participate in the practices you describe could ever become an engineer for a successful international brand.

      Then, as someone who has been self-employed since 2003 and who has seen such a huge change in the way clients behave over the past decade, I wonder whether odious dishonesty today is a job requirement.

    4. Re:Real-world conditions by Thanshin · · Score: 2

      I'm surprised they don't test the mpg by throwing the cars from a high altitude bomber.

    5. Re:Real-world conditions by Pieroxy · · Score: 2

      infinite mpg looks suspicious so far. Give it time.

    6. Re:Real-world conditions by MightyYar · · Score: 4, Informative

      This story is about European standards which are a bit wacky, but I know they get spot-checked in the US. Hyundai paid out a huge settlement for (apparently honestly) screwing up the testing.

      Remember that your competitors are probably testing your cars, too :)

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    7. Re:Real-world conditions by Lumpy · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Also set up wrong by the manufacturer. The 2007 honda civic has a highway MPG rating of 40mpg. I regularly get 44-46 while speeding after I fixed their design flaw in the rear end. they set the car with significant negative rear camber and with about 2 degrees of toe, I reset it to zero and zero and not only did fuel mileage numbers skyrocket by 10-15% but rear tire wear dropped to zero or undetectable. From what I can tell they STILL sell civics with this flaw, and the Honda Fit as well suffers from it.

      Granted I only have about 10,000 miles of testing on this new adjustment, but there is no measurable tire wear on the rear and my wife has been driving it to work and back daily on a 45 mile commute as if she was in an indy car race trying to do 75-80mph. Gas mileage is measured two ways. 1st odometer+fuel used at the pump and a Scan Gauge I installed. they are within 1mpg of each other.

      There is only one drawback to the change, the car is slightly more sensitive to steering input. I notice it, she does not. I am going to next add 2 degree of camber from the front to make it closer to zero as well as remove 2 degree of toe that may make the steering a bit too twitchy but you never know until you try. right now it has more than 8 degrees of camber and what looks like 9 degrees of toe. so the removal of that should further boost highway fuel economy but not as significantly as the rear end change. The rear was doing nothing but scrubbing the tires all the time, as most civic owners will tell you they have to replace the rear tires a lot as they start to cup, this is because of the dramatic flaw in how the rear end is set up on all 8th gen Civics.

      Oh and I do these alignment changes in my garage, the "laser alignment" crap is nothing more than a scam. You can do a better alignment on your garage floor or driveway than the "experts" with the "highly advanced laser system" can.

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    8. Re:Real-world conditions by rmdingler · · Score: 2

      Even if the honest reporting of fuel economies was a high priority, these folks who measure vehicles versus a standardized test would get better and better results over time using the same automobile. Rather than a general improvement in mileage rates for the average customer, the results would be indicative of learning to perform better on the test.

      The purchaser of the vehicle would be ensured a mileage rating that was measured in a specific way, which may or may not be reflective of the way he will be driving.

      That said, even despite cheating, conniving, fudging numbers, and leaving "light trucks" as a separate category, the CAFE legislation enacted by the US gov't has made a marked improvement in the average fuel economy of new vehicles... whether or not that led to actual conservation or more driving is for another argument.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    9. Re:Real-world conditions by KozmoStevnNaut · · Score: 5, Informative

      Also set up wrong by the manufacturer. The 2007 honda civic has a highway MPG rating of 40mpg. I regularly get 44-46 while speeding after I fixed their design flaw in the rear end. they set the car with significant negative rear camber and with about 2 degrees of toe, I reset it to zero and zero and not only did fuel mileage numbers skyrocket by 10-15% but rear tire wear dropped to zero or undetectable. From what I can tell they STILL sell civics with this flaw, and the Honda Fit as well suffers from it.

      That's not a flaw, it's a deliberate design to improve stability and handling, especially during mid-corner corrections and emergency maneuvers. The slight toe-in also helps straight line stability.

      My car (Peugeot 406) is setup like that as well, it has enough negative rear camber that it is immediately noticeable when looking at the car. If you try to "correct" this by dialing out the camber, the car will be less stable over mid-corner bumps, and the small amount of passive rear steering built in the rear suspension will be negated, further worsening the handling.

      What you have done is make your car go from being relatively neutral in corners, to having positive camber when the suspension is loaded up. If you've ever read "Unsafe at any speed" or seen an old VW Beetle corner hard, you will know that having positive camber is one of the most dangerous situations you can be in. So you've actually made your car significantly less safe, all for the sake of a few MPG. Congratulations, I hope you're proud.

      --
      Eat the rich.
    10. Re:Real-world conditions by Pokey.Clyde · · Score: 2

      I'm a hypermiler.

      Stopped reading right there. It's assholes like you that make driving worse for everyone else.

    11. Re:Real-world conditions by Computershack · · Score: 2

      Also set up wrong by the manufacturer. The 2007 honda civic has a highway MPG rating of 40mpg. I regularly get 44-46 while speeding after I fixed their design flaw in the rear end. they set the car with significant negative rear camber and with about 2 degrees of toe, I reset it to zero and zero and not only did fuel mileage numbers skyrocket by 10-15% but rear tire wear dropped to zero or undetectable.

      Oh. Dear. So what you've done is make the cornering worse. Mind you given that US cars are a bit crap when it comes to bends you probably don't notice any difference.

      --
      I only please one person per day. Today is not your day. Tomorrow isn't looking good either. - Scott Adams
    12. Re:Real-world conditions by nblender · · Score: 2

      Exactly right. I have an offroad vehicle with air suspension... I can raise/lower the truck about 8 inches... At factory height; the truck drives normal... If I raise it just a few inches, the front axle rotates enough that driving it is like trying to hold on to a slippery eel.. It doesn't take much in terms of suspension changes to dramatically affect the handling of a vehicle. This is why there are properly engineered suspension _kits_ vs shoving blocks between spring/axle to make your truck look cool.

      I drive around at factory height but raise the truck when I'm off road going 5mph.

    13. Re:Real-world conditions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Nothing you said has any bearing on advertised gas mileage. Nobody has patented gas mileage number calculations.

      I'm guessing where you're going with this is the idea that without patents, everybody would design their cars identically to maximum gas efficiency, and we'd all know it was identical, and thus there would be no need to exaggerate. I think you'll find a lot of things besides patents that would do that, not least of which is borne out by the fact that companies put out multiple vehicles with multiple fuel efficiency ratings, despite having access to all the same tech.

      A flaw it capitalism is that it resists its own proper functioning. For instance, ideal capitalism requires perfect information. Perfect information is always going to be unachievable, but as implemented capitalism doesn't even discourage people from working *against* perfect information, as they do by generating and propagating misleading gas mileage numbers.

      An example more in your wheelhouse is that monopolies are the natural result of a successful organization in a market that contains barriers to entry, whether they are natural (like signal distribution eg. cable, fibre-optic, electrical) or artificial (patents, price dumping, product tying, buying up the entire raw materials market a la deBeers or Apple, etc.).

      Those categories obviously tend to overlap with where we apply lots of regulation in practice.

      Anyway, I'm guessing you think the root cause is that mileage-improving technologies are patented and thus unshared. I think you'll find that there are tradeoffs made even within a company.

    14. Re:Real-world conditions by blue+trane · · Score: 2

      If government didn't exist or didn't regulate, capitalism would create it and create the regulations necessary to protect its players. Example: the private banking system evolved centralization on its own long before the Fed. J. P. Morgan ended the Panic of 1907 by creating his own "clearinghouse certificates" which supplied needed liquidity to the system. But even capitalists recognized it probably wasn't a good idea to rely on Morgan to get them out of another crisis; Morgan, being a profit-minded capitalist, was in a position where he could help his friends and hurt his enemies, take advantage of competitors' weakness to buy them at a ridiculously low price, etc. The Fed, being non-profit (returning its profits to the Treasury each year), was a better solution because it could help even Morgan's enemies in a Panic by supplying necessary liquidity.

      If the government didn't enforce patents, the moral hazards and perverse incentives of capitalism would create ways. Like the RIAA/MPAA manipulate torrents to introduce fake downloads, etc.

      One solution to capitalism is to fuyll democratize the money supply. Free individuals from having to play the capitalist game by providing a Basic Income to anyone who wants it. Leave business alone to innovate in their way, but encourage individuals to innovate disruptively on their own. Hold challenges to stimulate the natural instinct for creativity and wonder in each of us.

      So individuals can come up with 3D-printed car designs, and business could refine them. Labor costs should go down as businesses automate more and outsource innovation to challenges. Inflation shouldn't increase because there would be no wage-price spiral, individuals on a Basic Income could work at Walmart if they wanted to, so Walmart wouldn't have to raise its prices.

      Even if inflation became a problem, we can deal with it by indexing everything to inflation. Since the relationships between prices and cash flows don't change, inflation becomes invisible. Israel used this method for decades; with modern automation, the "drag" that led them to abandon it can be eliminated, so that the indexing is seamless.

    15. Re:Real-world conditions by Rei · · Score: 3, Informative

      That's the key here. EU mileage figures are rated based on the NEDC cycle, which gives about 15% better mileage figures than the EPA combined cycle. Given that this guy is saying real world is 19% worse than the NEDC, then that's a pretty good testament to the EPA combined cycle.

      At least the NEDC is better than the laughable Japanese 10-15 cycle, which gives figures about 10-15% even better than the NEDC.

      It's one thing that drives me crazy when Americans point out to cars overseas and say, "Look, how come they get cars that are so much better mileage than ours?" The truth is, there's not actually all that much difference. UK car figures are often even worse because they're usually reported in miles per imperial gallon, which gives an extra 20% boost to mpg figures. On top of that, a large percent of European cars are diesels. While it's fair to compare diesels to gasoline cars when comparing what ou have to pay for fuel, it's not so for an environmental comparison. Diesel is 10-15% denser than gasoline; a gallon of diesel represents 10-15% more oil consumption and emits roughly correspondingly more CO2 than a gallon of gasoline. If one cares about CO2, the best approach is to ignore MPG and look at g/100km figures, which are almost always based on the same cycle (NEDC) and take into account differences in the fuel.

      --
      The Spanish-English dictionary is out of ink.
  2. Re:What's that in KPL? by jspayne · · Score: 4, Informative

    Your concern might be less of a troll if you knew that the standard metric measure for fuel economy isn't km/l, but rather l / 100km.

  3. No fuel economy figures are going be right by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Isn't the more important thing that the all the cars figures are comparable.

    1. Re:No fuel economy figures are going be right by InvalidError · · Score: 2

      How much MPG inflation was applied to "Car A" vs "Car B" ?

      If Car A scores 50MPG using a tweaked evaluation rebuild while Car B scores 40MPG in all-stock off-the-assembly-line configuration, there is a fairly good chance Car B may actually fare better under real-world conditions than a stock version of Car A.

      It is a bit like F1 racing: under ideal conditions, the engine would be designed to just barely not fall apart until the last race of the season is over. For an MPG evaluation, the car only needs to last long enough to complete the tests without any obvious signs of problems and I bet there are many inventive ways to inflate MPG figures using that.

  4. We knew the gist already by elwinc · · Score: 3, Insightful

    We pretty much already knew that the MPG we saw on the sticker was higher than the MPG we would actually be getting. Hence the phrase "your mileage may vary."

    But we also know that the sticker MPG numbers are good for comparing among similar cars, and that's mostly how we use the sticker MPGs. Kudos and thanks to 'What Car?' for calculating the 19% offset figure. I wonder if they could tell us how the offset varies among different types of cars. Maybe SUVs vs econoboxes vs sports cars have somewhat different offsets.

    BTW, I would bet that different driving styles, lead foot vs hypermiling, makes a bigger differnece than the 19% calculated by 'What Car?'

    --
    --- Often in error; never in doubt!
    1. Re:We knew the gist already by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      > But we also know that the sticker MPG numbers are good for comparing among similar cars,

      No, you don't know that. You assume that.

      When the benchmark doesn't test the things you care about then you can not count on a linear correspondence between the benchmark performance and performance on what you want to measure.

      Think of it this way - the manufacturers are "teaching to the test" when they design their cars now. A student who only memorizes the test questions isn't going to have a real knowledge of anything that isn't on the test.

  5. Lower? by countach · · Score: 2

    Usually I think of lower figures as better. Especially in the UK with litres / 100km.

  6. This is not new news by knightar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    We all knew from previous reports, even in the US, that car manufactures will cheat and use "perfect conditions" and also gut the car of anything they can get rid of to decrease the weight and increase the MPG. Why are governments not requiring actual roadway numbers with an actual car as it comes out of the lot? Because lobbyists from the car manufacturers prevented it; Ether way I've always looked at the MPG and subtracted 20% from it.

  7. watch the program on 5th gear by lkcl · · Score: 4, Interesting

    before making *any* judgement you *need* to watch the program on 5th gear which covers exactly this question in some detail. basically the test was designed originally for people driving sensibly, and it was designed i think well over 20 possibly even 30 years ago. so it has a very *very* gentle acceleration and deceleration curve. gentle acceleration because that is not only fuel-efficient but also the cars of that time simply could not accelerate that much, and gentle braking because again that is more fuel-efficient but also because if you had drum brakes they would overheat.

    people no longer drive sensibly: they are more aggressive with other drivers (not keeping a safe distance), they put their foot down hard on the accelerator and they put their foot down hard on the brake. also as the cars are more reliable they tend to not maintain them properly: until i watched another program on 5th gear about how badly old oil affects fuel economy and the lifetime of the engine i had absolutely no intention of changing oil regularly in the decade-year-old cars i buy.

    so, in effect, people should stop complaining and start driving in more fuel-efficient ways... *regardless* of how aggressive the person behind them gets when they set off from the lights at the same acceleration rate as a 40 tonne cargo lorry. that's the other person's problem.

    1. Re:watch the program on 5th gear by rolfwind · · Score: 5, Funny

      and it was designed i think well over 20 possibly even 30 years ago. so it has a very *very* gentle acceleration and deceleration curve. gentle acceleration because that is not only fuel-efficient but also the cars of that time simply could not accelerate that much...

      WTF are you blabbering on about? Cars from 1980 or 1990 could not accelerate that much?

      You must be a young kid or something, but not everything before your time was primitive by virtue of you not having come along yet.

    2. Re:watch the program on 5th gear by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      He should watch the documentary "Grease" to see how people drove back in ye olden days :D

    3. Re:watch the program on 5th gear by Captain_Chaos · · Score: 2

      people no longer drive sensibly: they are more aggressive with other drivers (not keeping a safe distance)

      Is that why traffic deaths have consistently gone down since 20 or 30 years ago? - Killed_on_British_Roads.png

  8. As a trend by Justpin · · Score: 2

    Since petrol went up to £1.36 a litre (thats $2.30) MPG has increased and actual fuel used has fallen partly due to people driving a whole load less. Back in 1999 driving to work in exactly the same town, took 35 minutes to get through one particular section. Today it takes 10 as there are fewer cars. However this is not in the best interests of the government! which is why the EU are mandating ET phone home systems in all cars from 2015 which allow you to monitor and track a car in motion acceleration and deceleration. The Labour government want to introduce a pay per mile system precisely because revenue from fuel taxes have fallen due to more efficient cars. Heh I've moved down from a 929cc missile down to a more sensible 650cc with 1/3 of the horse power..

    1. Re:As a trend by Geeky · · Score: 2

      The other thing that's changed is the way people drive on motorways. When I was first driving, back in the early 90s, you could sit on the motorway at 80mph (for those outside the UK, that's a little above the legal limit of 70) and be overtaken by a steady stream of ton-up drivers. The outside lane was a hazard and you'd need a huge gap to overtake and still have frustrated drivers getting right up your arse.

      It still happens to an extent, but it does seem that the average speed has dropped. I see far fewer cars driving at 90 and up. OK, that's partly due to the increase in speed cameras, but I reckon fuel economy plays a part. There are more people seemingly content to sit below the limit, at about 60, and that was very much a rarity 20 years ago outside of the elderly cloth cap brigade.

      --
      Sigs are so 1990s. No way would I be seen dead with one.
  9. Which is why sometimes small engines ... by Viol8 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    .... arn't the best solution. If they're so underpowered or peaky - like a lot of the new generation coming along - then people will tend to drive with their foot flat to the floor a lot mroe often which hammers fuel consumption and doesn't do the mechanicals any favours. Whereas with a bigger engine this is less of the case and you can get equivalent mpg except with a less stressed engine that isn't going to blow a seal after 75K miles because of components being worked to their limit to make up for the idiotically small capacity.

    Of course left to their own devices no manufacturer would be dumb enough to put a 1.0L engine in a 1.5 ton car but EU regs now require silly emissions targets being met in these unrealistics tests so the manufacturers have no choice.

    1. Re:Which is why sometimes small engines ... by Justpin · · Score: 2

      1.0 litre engine in a 1.5 ton car... it happens! a lot of specified weights car manufactures use are dry not kerb weight. To get around the emissions standards for a while small engines (even 2 and 3 cylinders) were put into normal cars but they were given turbo chargers to cheat the regs. Sometimes it worked like the Daihatsu copen, 900kilos wet, with a 660cc engine which was turbo charged.

    2. Re:Which is why sometimes small engines ... by Sique · · Score: 2

      It has not so much to do with emission standards, but with car taxes that are mostly coupled with engine displacement. A car with a smaller engine costs less in car related taxes, and thus buyers flock to the smaller engines, because the cars are cheaper to keep. The same is true for insurance, whose tariffs are often coupled with the power output, again making the smaller engine more cost efficient.

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
    3. Re:Which is why sometimes small engines ... by CeasedCaring · · Score: 4, Informative

      In the UK, road tax has not been linked to displacement since March 2001 - it's all about emissions (CO2 in g/km) these days. See https://www.gov.uk/vehicle-tax...

    4. Re:Which is why sometimes small engines ... by KozmoStevnNaut · · Score: 3, Insightful

      A lot of the "new generation" of cars will have small turbocharged engines with direct injection and variable valve timing. Most will develop over 200Nm torque from below 2000rpm, not peaky at all. In fact, a lot of these cars with these engines are already on the road and have proven themselves both reliable and fuel efficient, as long as the owners actually drive them properly.

      My car is decidedly old-tech in comparison, with a 2.2L naturally-aspirated 4-cylinder, rated at 8.8L/100km (27.7mpg). I average 9.0L/100km (26.1mpg) in mostly city and motorway driving, with ~160,000km on the odometer. I drive normally, stick to the speed limit or 5-10 over depending on the situation, and try to look ahead and anticipate traffic. It really isn't that hard to get very close to the ideal fuel consumption figures, you just have to relearn how to drive instead of going full-throttle/full-brake all the time.

      --
      Eat the rich.
  10. Re:Just like pints. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I'd pay a hell of a lot more for a pint if I got free head!

  11. Re:taxes will lead to kludges by TClevenger · · Score: 2

    Except that the Prius costs more energy to make than many vehicles with a higher fuel consumption.

    I'm willing to bet that it doesn't take much more energy than other cars its weight.

  12. Re:rules by cmdr_tofu · · Score: 2

    When my car had a bad thermostat the mileage (and power) of the car dropped significantly. This was during the winter. After replacing the thermostat, efficiency and power were back up!

  13. Re:taxes will lead to kludges by MightyYar · · Score: 2

    I'm suspicious of the Prius simply because they don't offer a non-hybrid version. The aerodynamics shape and narrow tires seem well-suited to fuel economy no matter what the engine. The hybrid Camry is an economic non-starter for my use case.

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  14. Re:Obvious explanation by newcastlejon · · Score: 2

    Also inheritance tax, a.k.a. "when it stops moving, tax it".

    --
    If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
  15. Re:What's that in KPL? by AthanasiusKircher · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Your concern might be less of a troll if you knew that the standard metric measure for fuel economy isn't km/l, but rather l / 100km.

    While km/L is less common, it certainly does appear as an alternative measure in many countries, particularly to allow people to compare it to mpg metrics (as the GP was suggesting here, since the title of this story is about "MPG"). You are correct that in many countries, L/100km is standard.

    Before we get the standard debate about this crap that comes up every time this topic comes around, let me just point out that the reciprocal relationship between these two measurements doesn't mean one is "more correct" than the other. Rather, both will give intuitive results for different questions or given different constraints.

    For example, if you're buying a car primarily for commuting, gas consumption per distance (e.g., L/100km) will give you an intuitive sense of your fuel cost, since your daily distance is relatively fixed. If your L/100km doubles, your fuel cost for fixed commutes will double.

    On the other hand, if you're buying a car primarily for occasional longer trips and not using it for regular commuting, distance per gas unit (e.g., mpg or km/L) will give you a more intuitive sense of how far you'll be able to travel with the same gas budget. People buying a car only for occasional trips probably are more likely to care about how far they can go with a given amount of fuel rather than how the fuel cost will vary for a fixed distance. If your MPG doubles, you can go twice as far with the same amount of fuel.

    Different metrics are useful for different things. These two have a very clear relationship, but when non-math-literate people are comparing the raw numbers, one can be better than another in making decisions depending on the situation.

  16. Engineering by Etherwalk · · Score: 2

    That's all true, but manufacturers go to great lengths to inflate the figure.

    I do wonder how someone so odiously dishonest as to participate in the practices you describe could ever become an engineer for a successful international brand.

    Then, as someone who has been self-employed since 2003 and who has seen such a huge change in the way clients behave over the past decade, I wonder whether odious dishonesty today is a job requirement.

    You have it backwards. They move toward dishonesty because they are working in a culture that (without calling it dishonesty) does dishonest things. For example, recently there was a memo in the News showing that GM prohibited engineers from using certain words like "defect" so that those words wouldn't show up in future lawsuits. This process is insidious--by itself it doesn't *have* to be dishonest, but it distorts the truth enough to make people a little more comfortable with distorting the truth.

  17. Driving faster help my MPG ... YMMV by perpenso · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Probably also driving too fast... European emission standards require testing at 90km/h, while the max speed in most EU countries is 120 or 130km/h

    I'm in the U.S. and my car is rated 22mph city 29 mph highway. The city rating is dead on. The highway rating is off, I actually get 34 mph rather than the stated 29. My typical highway is designated 65 mph and when traffic is light it is practical to do 75 mph. At 75 mph I get 34. The rating of 29 may be based on obsolete 1970's 55 mph standards.

    Maybe 55 was optimal with 1970's auto technology but it doesn't seem so today, at least for me. And of course YMMV is quite appropriate here.