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Small Genetic Change Responsible For Blond Hair

sciencehabit (1205606) writes "For all those brunettes wishing they were naturally blond, a small genetic change could have made all the difference. Scientists have found that replacing one of DNA's four letters at a key spot in the genome shifts a particular gene's activity and leads to fairer hair. Not only does the work provide a molecular basis for flaxen locks, but it also demonstrates how changes in segments of DNA that control genes, not just changes in genes themselves, are important to what an organism looks like."

23 of 125 comments (clear)

  1. MUTANTS AMONG US! by captain_nifty · · Score: 5, Funny

    Although their powers are not very impressive.

    1. Re:MUTANTS AMONG US! by lagomorpha2 · · Score: 2

      Although their powers are not very impressive.

      You mean our powers to change color after exposure to the sun for long periods? Ok well we aren't chameleons but you have to start somewhere.

    2. Re:MUTANTS AMONG US! by king+neckbeard · · Score: 2

      In all fairness, the help your wife receives may be due to being female moreso than being blonde. How attractive she is may also be a significant factor, although being blonde may make her appear more attractive to many.

      --
      This is my signature. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
    3. Re:MUTANTS AMONG US! by gstoddart · · Score: 2

      You mean our powers to change color after exposure to the sun for long periods?

      *phbtbtbtbt* I have the ability to change color after very brief exposure to the sun. ;-)

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    4. Re:MUTANTS AMONG US! by Jason+Levine · · Score: 2

      Recently, there was an article that described blue eyes as the result of a genetic mutation. So I'm the world's most boring mutant: Blue Eyed Guy. I have the powers of having blue eyes. All the time. I thought being a mutant would be more exciting than this.

      --
      My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.
    5. Re:MUTANTS AMONG US! by mjwx · · Score: 2

      Yup. 10min and I go from white to red.

      White... I'm a Scot by birth. I tan white. Naturally I'm a shade of pale blue.

      --
      Calling someone a "hater" only means you can not rationally rebut their argument.
  2. Blonde Scientists? by ArhcAngel · · Score: 5, Funny

    Scientists have found that replacing one of DNA's four letters

    DNA is only three letters.

    --
    "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous animals and you know it." - K
    1. Re:Blonde Scientists? by GoCrazy · · Score: 2

      I think they replaced the silent J.

      --
      No beer and no TV make Homer something something
    2. Re:Blonde Scientists? by TWX · · Score: 3, Funny

      It would almost be worthwhile to work helpdesk again, if I could answer Patrick Stewart when he calls because his broadband is down...

      "Mr. Stewart, if you look at the front of your cablemodem, you'll see five lights..."

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
  3. Re:gene linked to intelligence? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Perhaps the Triple Nine needs to learn use a browser with a spellchecker?

    And are you a member of Mensa by any chance?

  4. It's a gene by yesterdaystomorrow · · Score: 4, Informative

    Originally, "gene" meant "heritable element". Outside of molecular biology, it still does. That DNA can encode the construction of protein was the first connection molecular biologists discovered from genotype to phenotype. This caused them to mistakenly redefine "gene", because they supposed it was the only connection. Since they have now found other kinds of heritable elements in DNA, it is time for them to revert to the older definition, and come up with some other term for the subset of genes that encode protein.

    1. Re:It's a gene by the+biologist · · Score: 2, Informative

      ORF (Open Reading Frame) is typically used for the case you described, and has been for some time now.

    2. Re:It's a gene by yesterdaystomorrow · · Score: 2

      ORF (Open Reading Frame) is typically used for the case you described, and has been for some time now.

      I don't think that's what I'm getting at. To switch to a different set of metaphors, "ORF" is a syntactic term while "gene" is a semantic term. Only a subset of ORFs are transcribed, as I understand it. A sequence of letters and spaces ending with a period is not necessarily a meaningful sentence.

      In any case, the original article claimed that blondness was not controlled by a "gene". But by the old definition of "gene" that's nonsense. Someone working in, say, evolutionary dynamics would certainly call the controlling element here a "gene".

    3. Re:It's a gene by the+biologist · · Score: 2

      The ENCODE project has shown that effectively every piece of DNA is transcribed at some level. All ORFs are transcribed, but we don't always know a function/meaning associated with them. We keep finding transcribed sequences to be important which we had previously attributed to noise. There are even proteins with well-recognized functions that appear to have been derived from random noise-sequences.

      There isn't a need to switch to metaphor with such a simple concept as this and doing so only confuses your meaning. "Syntactic term" vs. "semantic term" are near-meaningless phrases to me, even with the assistance of google. Both "orf" and "gene" are terms in common use that have specific and implied meanings in different contexts.

      Someone in molecular and computational biology (like me) would also call the controlling element a gene. Science journalism is far too often full of such odd definitions and misunderstandings.

    4. Re:It's a gene by yesterdaystomorrow · · Score: 2

      Someone in molecular and computational biology (like me) would also call the controlling element a gene. Science journalism is far too often full of such odd definitions and misunderstandings.

      The "gene encodes a protein" idea still seems quite common in educational efforts that at least *ought* to have real scientists behind them. See, for example, page 4 of http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Ed.... One who monitors the science news also will frequently encounter press releases like "We sequenced organism X's genome and it contains (pick a number) genes, compared to the (human gene count du jour)." Presumably molecular biologists provided these numbers, but they appear to refer to protein coding sequences only. Oh, well, it's no sillier than counting galaxies (I'm an astrophysicist, and we pretend to do that frequently).

  5. Re:gene linked to intelligence? by Evtim · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Obvious troll is obvious but still....

    Q: What have Africans done for humanity?
    A: Everything, since as far as we know Homo Sapiens evolved there.

    Your question reminds me the hilarious "What the Romans did for us" gag...

  6. Let the jokes begin by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

    A blonde woman was speeding down the road in her little red sports car and was pulled over by a woman police officer who was also a blonde.

    The blonde cop asked to see the blondes' driver's license. She dug through her purse and was getting progressively more agitated.

    "What does it look like?" she finally asked.

    The policewoman replied, "It's square and it has your picture on it."

    The driver finally found a square mirror in her purse, looked at it and handed it to the policewoman. "Here it is," she said.

    The blonde officer looked at the mirror, then handed it back saying, "OK, you can go. I didn't realize you were a cop."

  7. Re:But I was hoping for Ginger! by ebno-10db · · Score: 2

    Next they need to work out the sequence for Ginger (Red for you Americans) Hair!

    Hear, hear!

    Who cares about yellow hair when there are attractive women.

  8. Re:Blonde Gene? by jellomizer · · Score: 2

    The stupid blond is probably based on the following.
    Being Blond is a rare trait. Such a trait we find interesting and somewhat attractive as it encourages genetic adversity.
    Being that the blond shows genetic diversity, there are more people willing to mate with them,
    Being that they are more people are willing to mate, there is less of a need to differentiate themselves as superior or better, so they follow the simplest route.

    A large portion of our actions is about being attractive to the other sex. Even if you are an Alpha Geek, you are more Geeky then the next guy. If you in particular can attract and mate easier chances are you will follow a simpler route on average and not try harder.

    It isn't that Blonds are naturally more stupid, it is just the environment doesn't require them to be smart.

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  9. Re:gene linked to intelligence? by jmrives · · Score: 5, Informative

    It is unfortunate that most people -- even modern Africans -- are unaware of the ancient achievements that came out of Africa.

    Many of the modern high-school level concepts in mathematics were first developed in Africa -- as was the first method of counting. These concepts include division and multiplication of fractions and geometric formulas to calculate the area and volume of shapes. They also invented mathematical methods for measuring distances and the use of angles -- including dividing a circle into 360 degrees and an early estimate of pi.

    Eight thousand years ago, people in present-day Zaire developed their own numeration system, as did Yoruba people in what is now Nigeria. The Yoruba system was based on units of 20 (instead of 10) and required an impressive amount of subtraction to identify different numbers. Scholars have lauded this system, as it required much abstract reasoning.

    This is just in the area of mathematics. Several ancient African cultures birthed discoveries in astronomy. Many of these are foundations on which we still rely, and some were so advanced that their mode of discovery still cannot be understood. Egyptians charted the movement of the sun and constellations and the cycles of the moon. They divided the year into 12 parts and developed a yearlong calendar system containing 365 ¼ days. Clocks were made with moving water and sundial-like clocks were used.

    Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of ancient Africa. These include steam engines, metal chisels and saws, copper and iron tools and weapons, nails, glue, carbon steel and bronze weapons and art.

    Advances in Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago surpassed those of Europeans then and were astonishing to Europeans when they learned of them. Ancient Tanzanian furnaces could reach 1,800C — 200 to 400C warmer than those of the Romans.

    There are plenty of other examples in areas such as architecture, engineering, medicine and navigation.

    Here are some references for your perusal:

    • 1. Kresge, N. “A history of black scientists.” ASBMB Today. February 2011.
    • 2. Van Sertima, I. “The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview.” Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern. 7 – 26 (1983).
  10. Re:gene linked to intelligence? by Arker · · Score: 2

    "It is unfortunate that most people -- even modern Africans -- are unaware of the ancient achievements that came out of Africa. "

    People tend to calcify the situation of very recent history and project it earlier - it's as natural and understandable a tendency as it is regrettable. A longer term view would resolve these little bugbears easily.

    The Europeans have been ascendant for a few hundred years, but before that it was a backwater. East and North Africa on the other hand are ancient population centres that have seen civilizations rise and fall repeatedly from the beginning, which have been ascendant not once but multiple times over the course of history.

    --
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  11. Re:gene linked to intelligence? by stephenmac7 · · Score: 2
    --
    "No man's life, liberty, or property are safe while the legislature is in session." -- Judge Gideon J. Tucker
  12. Re:OK, so you explained the blonde hair by Trax3001BBS · · Score: 2

    Now, where the heck do the blonde jokes come from? I've never seen any association between stupidity or airheadedness with blonde people.

    It was around 1988 or late 80's when Blond joke started in my area and group (BBS'ers), there are some great jokes that vein.

    Trying to answer your question I came across this gem:

    "The researchers found that the blond-haired applicant was rated as significantly less capable than her brunette doppelganger. In addition, participants designated the female applicant’s starting salary as significantly lower when she was depicted as a blonde than when she was shown with brown hair." (sic) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S...

    (Kyle, D.J.; Mahler, H.I. (1996), "The effects of hair color and cosmetic use on perceptions of a female's ability", Psychology of Women Quarterly 20 (3): 447–455) go figure.