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How California's Carbon Market Actually Works

Lasrick writes: Almost 10 years ago, California's legislature passed Assembly Bill 32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 set the most ambitious legally binding climate policy in the United States, requiring that California's greenhouse gas emissions return to 1990 levels by the year 2020. The centerpiece of the state's efforts — in rhetorical terms, if not practical ones — is a comprehensive carbon market, which California's leaders promote as a model policy for controlling carbon pollution. Over the course of the past 18 months, however, California quietly changed its approach to a critical rule affecting the carbon market's integrity. Under the new rule, utilities are rewarded for swapping contracts on the Western electricity grid, without actually reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Now that the Environmental Protection Agency is preparing to regulate greenhouse gases from power plants, many are looking to the Golden State for best climate policy practices. On that score, California's experience offers cautionary insights into the challenges of using carbon markets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

23 of 97 comments (clear)

  1. California At It Again by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    They pass a law that gives people warm fuzzy feelings, but doesn't actually DO anything. Who knew?

    1. Re:California At It Again by towermac · · Score: 2

      They might, as they might here in the States.

      I might even be in that group; I pay out the ass in taxes now; I don't want new ones.

      Nevertheless, it would still be good law, and if it was worth it, my conservative ass would sign off on it, but political compromises would have to be made.

      What if you traded it for some other tax? Pick an big, unpopular one. I've got a good one... The 35% corporate income tax.

      Heresy? The Republicans would be jizzing their panties for the chance to combat man-made climate change. Worth it?

      This would be where you separate the men from the boys, or rather; the socialists from the true greens. (Greens don't have to be socialists.)

  2. Seems like it would've worked by timrod · · Score: 3, Informative

    The thing is, it seems from the paper like the cap-and-trade system California has works - it's just that other states don't have the same system and thus there isn't much of an impact. It would be interesting to see a group of neighboring states (perhaps New England) try this method and see how it works when they can't meet their emissions goals by offloading their emissions to states that don't have a cap-and-trade policy in place.

    1. Re:Seems like it would've worked by MightyYar · · Score: 3, Informative

      Well, here you go!

      On the surface, it has been quite successful. But you have to remember that most of the reduction has come from natural gas displacing coal - which thanks to fracking would have happened even without the carbon trading.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    2. Re:Seems like it would've worked by Cyberdyne · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I can see it now--we'll have trans-Pacific transmission lines from India and China!

      No, just more imported products of energy-intensive industrial processes, like steel and aluminum. It's already happening to an alarming extent in Europe for exactly that reason, with large metal-working plants (which can consume hundreds of megawatts each) getting moved overseas. Just because you can't import the electricity itself doesn't mean the resulting products have to be made in the US!

  3. Is it really a problem? by Ichijo · · Score: 4, Informative

    For years, Southern California Edison imported electricity from the Four Corners Power Plant, a coal-fired facility in northwestern New Mexico... [a few months after the carbon market took effect in 2013] the company sold its interest in the coal plant to an Arizona utility (APS, 2013)... this transaction will not reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. The coal plant will keep emitting pollution just as before--only now it serves customers in Arizona, not California.

    As other states follow California's lead, it will become more and more difficult for coal plants to stay in operation.

    --
    Any sufficiently unpopular but cohesive argument is indistinguishable from trolling.
    1. Re:Is it really a problem? by TubeSteak · · Score: 4, Informative

      As other states follow California's lead, it will become more and more difficult for coal plants to stay in operation.

      The Clean Air Act was passed in 1970.
      Existing coal plants were grandfathered in, with the assumption that they'd eventually be upgraded or replaced.
      Instead, the coal industry has been operating the same dirty plants for >40 years.

      The only reason "it will become more and more difficult for coal plants to stay in operation" is because the EPA has set a date for the closure of this loophole.

      Related reading: The Coal Industry Has Been Fear-Mongering for 40 Years Now

      --
      [Fuck Beta]
      o0t!
    2. Re:Is it really a problem? by gurps_npc · · Score: 3, Interesting
      Natural Gas. Process is already under way.

      But nuclear would also work. Massive wind and solar farms are not commercially viable - when compared to natural gas. If you compare them to coal, they sometimes make sense.

      But solar's real benefit is not massive farms, but instead point of use installations in high sunlight areas. This save the transmission wastage (use lose significant amount of power per mile transmitted), which can often just make it viable. The only real thing holding that back is the utilities, as the people that use it often need a utility hookup for times when the sun is not shining, like night time.

      In Florida, the utilities have successfully sued people over installing solar power, but that is beginning to change as the laws were altered to stop them from doing this.

      --
      excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    3. Re:Is it really a problem? by tsqr · · Score: 3, Informative

      In Florida, the utilities have successfully sued people over installing solar power, but that is beginning to change as the laws were altered to stop them from doing this.

      Citation on this?

      Here you go.

    4. Re:Is it really a problem? by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2

      Developing a domestic PV panel industry, fueled by domestic rare earth minerals, would help a lot here.

    5. Re:Is it really a problem? by gtall · · Score: 2

      The EPA and the fact that the gas industry is eating coal's lunch. Coal also has a lot of problem that companies must deal with like fouling streams when one of their coal slurry dams breaks. And getting your gas from a pipeline is a lot cheaper than sending coal via rail cars.

    6. Re:Is it really a problem? by dbIII · · Score: 2

      It existed but was killed off by politics to keep oil donors happy. Now it's a bit late to compete with an industry in China that had all of it's technology handed to it on a plate and it's competition removed.

  4. La la land by Tailhook · · Score: 2, Insightful

    CA makes fantasy laws that have to be papered over when the dates arrive. News at 11.

    The ZEV (zero emissions vehicles) mandates they've been backpedaling on for twenty years are another fine example. Physics and CA voters frequently do not agree on reality. When that happens physics wins. Every time.

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    Maw! Fire up the karma burner!
    1. Re:La la land by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Centralized energy generation (including coal) is arguably cleaner and more efficient, and it's modular... it can be replaced by solar, wind, natural gas, or fusion in the long run.

  5. Legislate that pi is 4 by raymorris · · Score: 2, Insightful

    > legally binding climate policy in the United States, requiring that California's greenhouse gas emissions return to 1990 levels by the year 2020.

    The passed a law declaring what the total greenhouse gas emissions will be? Is that like the Indiana bill declaring that pi is 4? If they can just pass a law and that'll make it so, why don't they pass a law that in 2020 California's unemployment rate will be as low as Texas, as opposed to more than 50% higher? Passing a law changes the facts, right?

    1. Re:Legislate that pi is 4 by ljw1004 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      If the value of pi was largely driven by human activities, and those human activities were within their jurisdiction, then yes it would be like Indiana.

  6. Cap & Trade and Carbon Markets are Frauds by pubwvj · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Cap & Trade and Carbon Markets are Frauds. They merely shuffle around the money doing little to nothing to really reduce pollution. It's a scam to get rich by the players.

    1. Re:Cap & Trade and Carbon Markets are Frauds by Firethorn · · Score: 2

      I agree. It's far too political. Personally I've always favored a carbon tax as opposed to this 'cap and trade' stuff. Start at current and do a 'dutch auction' for carbon emissions. As such, those with the lowest economic gain from their emissions will exit the market first.

      Allow some trading/credits for true sequestration initiatives, but I figure a tax would have the best effect. Implementation would still be complicated, especially in order to avoid the emissions from simply moving out of the area.

      --
      I don't read AC A human right
  7. Fee rather than market by UltraOne · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The problem described in the OP is one of several reasons why setting a fee for each ton of carbon dioxide emission is a much better idea that a cap-and-trade scheme. There are numerous other reasons, but I will only highlight the most important.

    The entire purpose of either a fee or cap-and-trade scheme is to get carbon consumers to change their behavior (either doing less of things that emit greenhouse gases or by reducing the carbon intensity of the same activities). But almost all the reasonable mitigation measures have long time horizons (years to decades). In cap-and-trade, it is very difficult to predict what the price signal will be at any time in the future. So how can I, as a consumer, decide if it is worth it to buy a more efficient or electric car if there is great uncertainty in how much the carbon control scheme is going to add to my gasoline cost?

  8. Re:try BitCoin next time by MightyYar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    CO2 knows no borders

    What you said is true, but obvious. Effectiveness on global CO2 levels aside, the CA program has been a success by other measures. They intended it to be a pilot program, and it looks like it has mostly worked out from a technical standpoint. They have demonstrated that the system is workable from an administrative and bureaucratic standpoint. Few people are silly enough to think that CO2 emissions can be handled on a local (or even national) level - but having what is effectively one of the largest economies in the world to use as an example is a pretty good start.

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    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  9. Al Gore makes millions by Kernel+Kurtz · · Score: 2, Insightful

    selling "carbon credits". It's like the Pope selling indulgences.

    He does a world class job of advertising too.

    Of course anyone who could actually predict climate could be a multi-billionaire with ease.

    Instead they apparently sell carbon credits.

  10. Those plants are not quite the same by dbIII · · Score: 2

    Electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers and even bag filters have gone into those things which is why the USA was able to point the finger at the air quality in Beijing without the finger getting pointed back.
    They don't do anything at all to carbon dioxide though.

  11. Actually zero emissions makes sense in L.A. by dbIII · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Actually zero emissions makes sense for many vehicles in Los Angeles, Santiago and other places where the air can be trapped for weeks filling the place up with smog. If you can get the pollution shifted to the top of a smokestack on the other side of a mountain range you win. Of course the sensible thing would be a lot of trains, trams or some other way to move a lot of people about instead of getting the consumers to put up a big capital cost for personal electric vehicles, but that would cut into the cocaine budget or whatever it is that they have Californian legislators on.