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Drought Inspires a Boom In Pseudoscience, From Rain Machines To 'Water Witches'

merbs (2708203) writes Across drought-stricken California, farmers are desperate for water. Now, many of them are calling dowsers. These "water witches," draped in dubious pseudoscience or self-assembled mythologies—or both—typically use divining rods and some sort of practiced intuition to "find" water. The professional variety do so for a fee. And business is booming. They're just part of a storied tradition of pseudoscientific hucksters exploiting our thirst for water, with everything from cloudbusters to rainmachines to New Age rituals.

45 of 266 comments (clear)

  1. 1st post by deadweight · · Score: 4, Funny

    Dowsers? They need THIS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A...

    1. Re: 1st post by davester666 · · Score: 2

      Drip Irrigation
      -costs too much to install
      Change to less water intensive crops
      -don't make as much profit
      Desalination
      -desalination plant costs too much

      We need to make the maximum amount of money NOW, before it's too late.

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
    2. Re:1st post by sillybilly · · Score: 2

      A great replacement for water is DM (dihydrogen-monoxide).
      Unfortunately it costs a little bit more than water, but it's more efficient so it's worth the extra cost.

    3. Re: 1st post by sillybilly · · Score: 2

      Desalination is great if you got a pond of saltwater ready right next your property, but unfortunately for most people it would require shipping, or infrastructure, or commercial utilities getting into it. Even if commercial utilities can get it done at a low price, they have no reason not to make a profit and rape everyone in the ass with whatever the price the market is willing to bear. The only downward force on the price is your ability to say no to their price, and either live without water or get your water some other way. The get your water some other way is the only option, which in a desert pretty much sucks, unlike, say northeast USA, when you simply dig a hole in the ground, and voila, you just hit the groundwater table. Or just put up rain collector systems. They don't get enough rain in the desert.
      If push comes to shove and you absolutely need to get water lest you die of thirst, the atmophere is never 0% water. Relative humidity seldom drops under 30%, even rarely under 15%. So even at 1% relative humidity, there is water in the air surrounding you, not much but at least a drop, in a desert. At this humidity it will not form a cloud and start a rain, but it's still possible to extract, as long as you are economical about your temperature recouperation. Basically, you need a device similar to liquid air manufacturing, except instead of liquid air you make liquid water, by cooling massive quantities of air. So the plumbing and heat exchange surfaces have to be greater by orders of magnitude (maybe 100,000 times?) than a liquid air machine, but as long as you got sunshine power through solar cells, or wind power through windmills, and you can't sell the electric for money, that you could use to buy water, so it goes to waste anyway, and you're dying of thirst, then the answer is a huge long path of cooling the intake air, adding some extra cold, collecting the drew drops from the extra cold machine surface, and recuperating the cold in such air by countercurrent contacting via a very thin wall aluminum or copper or even iron (I'm lazy to look up the strength to thermal conductivity ratio right now, steel might win) with the next fresh load of incoming air. In a spiral setup you might get a long contacting length with very little area, like on top of a table, and your final cooling device might be a conventional air conditioner or refrigerator or freezer, plus you need a fan or pump to drive the air through your conduits. As far as robust refrigerators are concerned, I'd like to recommend the no-moving parts Einstein-Szilard refrigerator, all you gotta do is give it heat, like a focused sunlight on one side, and it gives you cold, on the other side. RV suppliers have some similar coolers that work from a propane flame heat, but in the desert you get lots of free sunshine heat, with a light concentrator, that you can beam onto a pitch black surface, and that still glows and wastes a lot of the light, so some kind of honey-bee like holes or cavities on the surface (picture a golf ball surface, now imagine the holes much denser, and each like 1/2 inch deep). that "suck in the light" and bounce it around internally for a few reflections, might be worth it.

    4. Re:1st post by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 2

      Raise the price of water until people use something else? Oh wait, that's the capitalist solution.

      No, that's the command-and-control socialist solution, the "rationer's rationalization" solution.

      The capitalist solution would involve getting rid of red tape stopping capitalism from responding to satisfy a need. It's sad places like California have to generate needless emergencies just to temporarily get the government out of the way.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
  2. Eww.. by Drumhellar · · Score: 2

    Here in Sacramento, I saw somebody from the county water district using dousing rods while on the job. I'm not sure if he was looking for a pipe or what, and I was sadly too preoccupied to inquire with the water district to see if it's standard procedure, but, shit. I felt bad for my county.

    1. Re:Eww.. by epyT-R · · Score: 3, Insightful

      just your county? that employee is a canary. you should feel bad for the whole country.

  3. It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by mythosaz · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...unless someone was taught it over a series of Sundays. :/

    I suppose ignorance on things like this is generational, and we'll stamp it out slowly, like racism or smoking.

    1. Re:It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by khallow · · Score: 2

      I doubt it. For example, there's UFOs and New Age crystal healing.

    2. Re:It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by mythosaz · · Score: 4, Funny

      To quote Cecil Adams:

      Fighting ignorance since 1973 -- It's taking longer than we thought.

    3. Re:It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by onkelonkel · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Too true. People believe, because they were taught to believe, from an early age by people they trust. The vast majority of Christians (insert religion of your choice here) are Christian by an accident of birth. They are Christian because they had Christian parents. Had they been born in Mumbai, to Hindu parents, they would be Hindus.

      If you want a good laugh ask a Christian why they believe in God and Jesus and the Holy spirit, but not in Zeus or Odin or Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. If you get anything other than circular logic or "because" let me know.

      --
      None of them can see the clouds; The polished wings don't care.
    4. Re:It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by HornWumpus · · Score: 2

      I got an honest answer once.

      It might all be bullshit, but it helps me cope.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    5. Re:It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by itzly · · Score: 2

      it's the afterlife predictions of the former that people actually experience when they die

      If they can explain their afterlife experience, they weren't really dead, and what they experienced wasn't the afterlife.

    6. Re:It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by LordLimecat · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Too true. People believe, because they were taught to believe, from an early age by people they trust. The vast majority of Christians (insert religion of your choice here) are Christian by an accident of birth.

      You have a source for that? Anecdotally from my church a large percentage of folks joining came to faith later in life (college, etc). Looking at a poll on this indicates that thats about right-- 40% or so tend to switch from what they were raised with, 60% do not. Im really not sure in what world "60%" forms a vast majority, but whatever.

      Its sort of hillarious to hear people talk of ignorance and then bust out anecdotal and unsupported "facts" like this.

      If you want a good laugh ask a Christian why they believe in God and Jesus and the Holy spirit, but not in Zeus or Odin or Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. If you get anything other than circular logic or "because" let me know.

      Do you mock Stephen Hawkings declaration that the universe self-created itself because "there is such a thing as gravity", for being circular reasoning? Why not?

    7. Re:It's OK to attack mythology and superstition... by SparkleMotion88 · · Score: 3, Informative

      You have a source for that?

      The poll that you supplied supports GP's argument. From the data, 40% of people change religion after birth, but over half of that is caused by people switching "within the same tradition" (e.g. changing from Baptist to Methodist or Agnostic to Atheist), and most of the rest is people leaving the church altogether. Only 4% of people in the survey were raised outside of religion and later joined a religion. So of all religious people in the survey, 96% got there by being born, and the other 4% were raised non-religious and then later became affiliated with a religion. By any reasonable definition, 96% is a "vast majority".

      As to your anecdote, some denominations (e.g. Charismatic) cater to the "born again" crowd and so will be composed of a lot of converts, which others (Catholic, Episcopal) are composed almost entirely of people who were born or married into the faith.

  4. As it's always gone by quietwalker · · Score: 3, Insightful

    People who are suffering, ignorant, and afraid are more willing to turn to the supernatural - be it religion or superstitions - as a 'solution' to their problems.

    1. Re:As it's always gone by polyphemus · · Score: 3, Informative

      People who are suffering, ignorant, and afraid are more willing to turn to the supernatural - be it religion or superstitions - as a 'solution' to their problems.

      Definitely.

      I see parallels between this and any number of other situations that make people desperate:

      * Cancer patients turning to stem cell "remedies" from quacks who don't bother looking for evidence

      * People with autistic children who can't find a cause so they blame vaccines

      * People who can't see any obvious good options, so they turn to psychics

      Fear is a wonderful tool if you're a charlatan, as it makes your victims less likely to pause and ask whether you're actually qualified to do (or to know) any of the things you claim.

    2. Re:As it's always gone by ClickOnThis · · Score: 2

      People who are suffering, ignorant, and afraid are more willing to turn to the supernatural - be it religion or superstitions - as a 'solution' to their problems.

      This.

      There's an old Russian proverb: "Pray to God, but continue to row to shore."

      If a problem requires action to solve, you can't just pray it away. On the other hand, if you're powerless to do anything about a problem, you may turn to a spiritual salve in order to cope. I have no problem with spiritual practitioners who offer the salve. But if they claim to solve the problem, then I burn with contempt for them.

      --
      If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
    3. Re:As it's always gone by HornWumpus · · Score: 2

      Have you been paying attention:

      Synthetic opioids are the opium of the masses. Duh.

      Bread, circuses and oxycontin.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  5. What's the problem? by blue9steel · · Score: 4, Interesting

    As long as the contract stipulates payment only after confirmation of findings, who cares if they use geology or dowsing?

    1. Re:What's the problem? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Let's say I'm a farmer, but I don't want to hire a geologist because a dowser is cheaper. The dowser causes me to dig 3 wells and find water only on the third. Then I pay their flat fee. I have expended resources and time to dig those two previous wells, causing me not to have those resources or time to do other things with. A dowser is less effective than a geologist and bears, at the minimum, a higher opportunity cost over the average (of instances of people searching for water with a dowser instead of a geologist).

      TL;DR: It's called wasting your time. Even a stopped clock is right twice a day.

    2. Re:What's the problem? by idontgno · · Score: 4, Insightful

      A dowser is less effective than a geologist and bears, at the minimum, a higher opportunity cost over the average (of instances of people searching for water with a dowser instead of a geologist).

      A fine economic analysis, but you're forgetting the balance-of-costs comparison.

      If what you saved using a dowser (who, by your own scenario, is cheaper than a geologist) is more than the cost of two wasted wells, the dowser was a cost-effective alternative. In that case.

      If, on the other hand, the dowser wasn't much cheaper, or you had to sink 5 dry wells, or your dowser never finds water, the dowser was a net loss.

      I think that on balance, the latter scenarios are more likely. If you're thinking about choosing dowsing, you're better off just throwing darts at a large map of your property and saving that cost for the same effectiveness.

      But if you're going to do an economic analysis, show all your work.

      --
      Welcome to the Panopticon. Used to be a prison, now it's your home.
    3. Re:What's the problem? by blue9steel · · Score: 2

      It seems like specifying a contract where you're going to pay for the well digging and he gets as many tries as he wants to select well sites isn't likely to lead to a good outcome whether he's a dowser or a geologist. Pay for performance seems like a lot better model than pay for consultation in this instance. Of course, I dare you to find a dowser who would actually agree to that kind of contract, heh.

  6. realtor. by nblender · · Score: 2

    I was looking at an acreage and asked the realtor if he knew where the septic field was.. He said no but would find it. He grabbed a wire coat hanger out of the closet, bent it into some divining sticks, and went outside trudging through 2' deep snow... My wife and I just kind of glanced at one another and rolled our eyes... Thing is, he honestly thought he was helping...

  7. Could try sacrificing virgins by BenSchuarmer · · Score: 4, Funny

    but it's California, so they may be hard to find.

    1. Re:Could try sacrificing virgins by Jerrry · · Score: 3, Informative

      "but it's California, so they may be hard to find."

      Only if you restrict said virgins to females. There are plenty of male nerd virgins living in their parent's garage (we generally don't have basements here).

  8. Re: A fool and their money by radtea · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I know this runs against everything /. but I have seen it work a couple of times.

    Why do you think that an unconfirmed anecdote being presented fallaciously as an argument is against everything /.?

    It would actually be astonishing if no one had "seen it work a couple of times", for several reasons. One, if there were a 100% failure rate dousing would have been abandoned years ago. Even pre-scientific peoples mostly abandoned things that were never, ever correlated with their nominal goals.

    Second, given humans are known to be prone to confirmation bias, we can predict that almost everyone who has ever seen a dowser identify one of the many, many places where water can be found will come away believing "dowsing works".

    So a large number of scientifically illiterate people saying, "Hey I saw it work a few times that proves it's true so I believe it!" is exactly what science would predict if dowsing doesn't work.

    If dowsing did work science would predict a bunch of peer-reviewed studies systematically detailing how accurate it is and investigating the factors that influence it's accuracy.

    We see the former, not the latter.

    Posts like yours actually constitute evidence that dowsing does not work.

    --
    Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
  9. Not surprising by ericloewe · · Score: 3, Funny

    It sounds like a typical reaction:

    "No, I'm afraid we can't fix this. We're going to have to work around our problem... Conserve water, reuse wa.... No, no! Don't pay the fucking witch doctor for a rain dance!"

  10. Re: A fool and their money (Witching Sticks) by Waterwatcher · · Score: 2, Funny

    A single locating flag wire bent at an angle works EVERY time for buried infastructure. Some use two wires, but I use one. It works every freaking time. Not sometimes, not occasionally, every time. I can find gas lines, water lines, sewer lines, co-axial lines, you name it and it is buried it can be found using witching sticks. The main problem is that you can not identify what you pick up while locating, which is why I then confirm the locate with some other source such as an map or line locator.

    But the main point is that it works.

  11. Re: A fool and their money by Copid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It would be interesting to see if drilling randomly in 3 other places on the property also generated water at around 70 feet. It could very well be that the property just sits on a lot of shallow water.

    --
    An interesting anagram of "BANACH TARSKI" is "BANACH TARSKI BANACH TARSKI"
  12. Re: A fool and their money by blackest_k · · Score: 4, Informative

    once you get below the level of the water table you find water.
    similar story just outside blarney apart from no douser involved just a big drill that went down until water was found. Ireland has no shortage of water. Outside the cities septic tanks are usual and wells are fairly common place. With water charges coming in for domestic water, there may be a little boom in well digging.

  13. Re: A fool and their money by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Insightful

    my father called the local dowser in for his house in a remote part of SW Ireland.

    The low areas of Ireland get more than 40 inches of rain a year, and the mountains get as much as 80 inches. I would be much more surprised if he found an area without ground water.

  14. uh no by Charliemopps · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This has nothing to do with farmers, or droughts.

    Plenty of people here on Slashdot believe in:
    Ghosts
    Vaccines cause Autism
    Sugar is poisonous
    Gluten sensitivity
    Alien visitors
    Wifi allergies

    and on and on and on...

    Some people are desperate for water, others are desperate to explain their childs ailments, desperate to explain their own ailments, desperate to live in a world different than our own. Desperate people will believe strange things. Myth is the anesthesia for anguish.

  15. Re: A fool and their money by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Found 3 spots that felt just right, drilled the first, and found water at 70 feet.

    How deep did you have to drill for the holes in the control group?

  16. Re:Devil's Advocate by rmdingler · · Score: 2
    Disclaimer: I don't know shit from shinola about the (pseudo)science of divining water with rods in one's hands.

    Water well drillers have been the contractors of choice to locate underground reservoirs wherever I've lived, and they usually relied on knowledge of aquifers in their respective locales.

    Caveat: They often require payment to drill the well whether they find water or not, and there's no guarantee on the volume your new well might produce.

    --
    Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

    Ernest Hemingway

  17. Quite likely by publiclurker · · Score: 2, Interesting

    My grandparents had a dowser site their well. apparently all of the natural springs on their land wasn't enough of a clue that water was not hard to get.

  18. Re:Devil's Advocate by Stumbles · · Score: 2

    Your caveat is exactly right. I used to help a brother in law that had his own residential well drilling business. There were many times a hole ended up dry or could not produce enough for a home and we would have to move the rig elsewhere. And yes, the customer had to pay for the dead hole. Running a drill rig is not cheap.

    --
    My karma is not a Chameleon.
  19. Re: A fool and their money (Witching Sticks) by HornWumpus · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The Amazing Randy has $1 million waiting for you to come and claim. You fucking liar.

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
  20. 100% would be interesting by DrYak · · Score: 3, Insightful

    One, if there were a 100% failure rate dousing would have been abandoned years ago.

    Actually if the failure rate was exactly 100%, it would be a valuable tool:
    it would very reliabily show where NOT to look for water, and by deduction you'll know that you need to look for water at the remaining NOT dowsed places.

    The real failure rate would be something very high, but not close to 100%.
    By random chance, you're bound to find water, eventually.

    The whole point of a scientific statistical test would be to see if the few successes occur as frequently as random chance, or if dowsing has a slightly higher success rate that could NOT be explained purely by random chance.

    --
    "Sufficiently advanced satire is indistinguishable from reality." - [Tips: 1DrYakQDKCQ6y52z6QbnkxHXAocMZJE61o ]
  21. Re: A fool and their money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    i cant believe that a site filled with people who laugh at the idea of a magical supreme being would have so many pro magical water-finding stick comments.

    so, a stick/rod/object made of a variety of materials but in a particular and non-exact shape has special water-locating scientific properties?? give me a break. unless your dowser is drilling 'control holes' to prove that its not possible for him to always be correct due to the geography, its just another anecdote. look, everyone who drank my snake oil woke up the next morning, thus proving that my patented snake oil ensures you will not die in your sleep the night of your consuming it.

    if there is any scientific validity to dowsing, its likely to do with the person themselves and some kind of instinct based on environmental and physiological factors. similar to how animals are able to sense earthquakes or storms before we do.

  22. Re: A fool and their money (Witching Sticks) by tompaulco · · Score: 4, Funny

    Gas lines, water lines, sewer lines, coaxial lines, electric lines can all be found with a minimum of effort without witching sticks. All you have to do is go to a random spot, any old spot, it doesn't even have to be within 1000 miles of a human settlement, and dig. If you do not hit one of the above, you will at the very least cut the only fiber connection to an entire continent.

    --
    If you are not allowed to question your government then the government has answered your question.
  23. Re: A fool and their money by matbury · · Score: 2, Funny

    Yes, with this technology, you can also detect if a woman's pregnant, find out if she's a virgin, find buried treasure, expell evil spirits, and pleasure the gods until they make it rain. People have told me it works in all of these cases so it must be true.

  24. Re:Desalination is the only viable answer by Megane · · Score: 2

    After that oil well break in the Gulf of Mexico, the EPA wouldn't even allow a ship which would suck in oily water and spit out less oily water, because the less oily water had oil in it. You think they're going to allow anybody to put seawater sludge from desalination back into the sea?

    --
    #naabhaprzrag, #sverubfr-000, #agi-fcbafberq, negvpyr[pynff*=' negvpyr-ary-'] { qvfcynl: abar !vzcbegnag; }
  25. Re:A fool and their money by Pinkfud · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Okay, I'm a geologist. It happens that I live in an intermontane basin filled with alluvium, and I know the water table is about 30 feet down at my location. If I were so inclined, I could take a couple of wires or a willow stick, walk around a bit for show, then "find" a place. I'd tell you to dig 30 feet and you'll find water - and I'd be right. The knowledge this takes is not that hard to acquire, especially if you want to work in a specific region. I suspect many of the "professional" water dowsers are simply doing that and making a buck from credulous buyers. That said, I have seen people do some freaky things with dowsing rods. As a scientist I have to doubt any mystical source, but I admit having had a few WTF moments courtesy of one old fellow I used to know. He would find ore veins - where I knew they actually were, and he couldn't have because I hadn't shared my survey findings. But guess what? Ore veins do affect both the magnetic and gravitational fields. I don't completely discount an ability by some people to detect that - after all, some birds apparently do.

    --
    The world is my oyster. That's why it's always in a stew.
  26. Re: A fool and their money by Quirkz · · Score: 2

    As a start, I'd say: pick 3 spots that feel right, pick 3 spots that feel wrong, and pick 3 spots via some randomization method. Then drill all 9. Repeat over a few thousand plots of land. Compare results.