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Irish Girls Win Google Science Fair With Astonishing Crop Yield Breakthrough

An anonymous reader writes Irish teenagers Ciara Judge, Émer Hickey and Sophie Healy-Thow, all 16, have won the Google Science Fair 2014. Their project, Combating the Global Food Crisis, aims to provide a solution to low crop yields by pairing a nitrogen-fixing bacteria that naturally occurs in the soil with cereal crops it does not normally associate with, such as barley and oats. The results were incredible: the girls found their test crops germinated in half the time and had a drymass yield up to 74 percent greater than usual.

25 of 308 comments (clear)

  1. This is huge by spiritplumber · · Score: 5, Interesting

    This is huge... although we already make enough food to feed 12B people; we throw away a lot of it. Still, efficiency!

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    1. Re:This is huge by lymond01 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It isn't how much we make, it's where we can make it and who can afford it. If something like this can be applied to areas where food is scarce to come by (by any method), good for all of us.

    2. Re:This is huge by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Trees are almost irrelevant in sequestering CO2. Algae in the ocean and photosynthesizing bacteria are much more important. Trees are most important in the water cycle though.

    3. Re:This is huge by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      This is normal behavior for a plant inoculated with mycorrhizae; you inoculate the soil with mycorrhizae bacteria and the results are more hardy plants, better nutrient delivery and better handling of dry spells. The webbing produced by the mycorrhizae helps keep soil clumped together better and produces a sponge like mass that holds water better. They also transport nutrients from elsewhere in the soil whereas they would normally flush down with rainwater in exchange for some carbohydrates from the plants roots; plant roots can only really get nutrients dissolved in the water or from soil immediately (within a quarter inch or less). The problem is that anytime the soil is turned you annihilate the local population so you need to inoculate every year with direct contact between the spores and the root mass.

    4. Re:This is huge by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I wonder how much hunger in the world is caused by crop yeild vs other factors (war, political instability, etc).

      A major factor is land ownership. It is extremely rare to see a peacetime famine where farmers own the land they are tilling. Nearly all peacetime famines result from some sort of collective ownership: communism, feudalism, nomadic grazing of common land, etc. But this research could have a big impact. Most food shortages are in poor tropical countries, and most tropical soils contain very little nitrogen. The girls produced their results on barley, which grows well in Ireland, but not in Africa. Lets see if we can get the same result with rice, maize, or wheat.

    5. Re:This is huge by dvice_null · · Score: 5, Informative

      Rainforests 28%, oceans 70%, other 2%.

      http://education.nationalgeogr...

    6. Re:This is huge by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 4, Interesting

      they could also do a crop rotation with nitrogen fixing crops, such as peanuts. Grows well in Africa already.

      Crop rotation is better than nothing, but will give you no where near the benefits described in the summary. Peanuts (and other legumes) use most of the nitrogen that they fix, and much of what is plowed under is not absorbed by the next crop, because it washes away, is depleted by weeds, or is just too far from the roots of the grain. If, instead, you have nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules on the grain, it is directly accessible to the crop, and you are fixing nitrogen 100% of the time, rather than only during the legume part of the rotation.

    7. Re:This is huge by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Global warming will increase precipitation globally. This is why people who claim that evidence of growing ice sheets in Antarctica conflicts with global warming are idiots.

      Global warming will hasten desertification in some places, and halt or reverse it in others, such as Antarctica. The fundamental moral issue with global warming (disregarding for the moment ecological ethics) is the pervasive and growing economic and social inequality that will result from the rapid changes in local climates. Global warming isn't necessarily inherently bad, per se (unless you're Captain Planet), it's what's going to happen to various human populations that is indisputably horrendous and immoral, even if you hate Nature in general.

    8. Re:This is huge by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem is that anytime the soil is turned you annihilate the local population so you need to inoculate every year with direct contact between the spores and the root mass.

      Or, you know, don't turn the soil?

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N...

      PS. fuck you slashdot for cutting off all the links.... site is getting more useless everyday...

    9. Re:This is huge by Bob+the+Super+Hamste · · Score: 3, Interesting

      And then there is the three sisters form of agriculture. Corn for the beans to climb, beans to fix nitrogen, and squash to provide ground cover to keep the weeds down and prevent evaporation. Each one provides something beneficial but mechanical harvesting can't be done (or no one has bothered to figured out how to do it.). Then there is the use of various soil amendments to make terra preta which seems to increase the nutrient holding ability of the soil as well as being basically a long term carbon sink.

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  2. Wager by kheldan · · Score: 5, Funny

    Five bucks says that before the end of the month, Monsantos' legal department sends them a cease-and-desist order and claims prior art on their accomplishment.

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    1. Re:Wager by cdrudge · · Score: 5, Funny

      I thought Monsanto owned the rights to Nitrogen as well as the complete genome of oats and barley. This should be a slam dunk case for their lawyers.

    2. Re:Wager by alphatel · · Score: 5, Funny

      Five bucks says that before the end of the month, Monsantos' legal department sends them a cease-and-desist order and claims prior art on their accomplishment.

      Monsanto Letter to USPTO ...infringing on our mark [see attached]...
      Patent "Employee" (working from unknown location on Sept 30th at 11:59 PM): Opens prior art. Enclosed is ASCII drawing of a farmer.
      USPTO Response to Monsanto: Seems Legit.

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  3. The Global Food Crisis is not a science problem by kruach+aum · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's a resource allocation problem. There is enough food on earth right now to sustainably feed everyone, the problem lies with the people on the path from the food to the hungry mouths. Increasing food production increases the wealth of the people in the middle, who now have more resources to allocate, but does not necessarily reduce the number of hungry people.

  4. The kind of science fair my school used to have? by NotDrWho · · Score: 4, Funny

    If it's anything like the science fairs we used to have at my high school, then it will turn out dad is a plant biologist (who swears the girls did it all on their own) and the girls will be curiously vague when asked about the methodology.

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  5. Re:Which bacteria? by DogDude · · Score: 5, Informative

    It's helpful if you read the fucking article: "We decided to use Rhizobacteria as this was the group specifically mentioned by our science teacher. We used one acidic strain (r.leguminosarum) and one basic strain (r.japonicum)."

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  6. Terrific counter to Monsanto's herbicide message by Morgaine · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The Permaculture community and advocates of companion planting have been around for decades preaching this same message, that plants grow better in messy complimentary families instead of in tidy rows of monoculture in which everything else is considered "weeds" and exterminated.

    It's great to see youngsters getting rewards for bringing this message to the public eye, countering Monsanto's advocacy for broad-spectrum herbicides that are effectively killing off the biosphere with each passing year. Nature is amazingly productive when allowed to do her thing, instead of undermined by highly destructive profit-led myopia.

    --
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  7. Re:The kind of science fair my school used to have by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    I have been a judge at the national level for the Intel Science Fair. If this is like the Intel version these are not just a couple of dorks lost in high school. These are smart kids whose parents are likely highly educated and may well be biologists. The kids I met, though, were able to answer nearly every question thrown at them. They were impressively sharp kids.

  8. Re:The kind of science fair my school used to have by HornWumpus · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This is not new. The problem has always been one of getting the nitrogen fixing bacteria to stay on the seed when handled in a commercial/industrial manner.

    The real holy grail is getting the bacteria to just follow the plants life cycle, like in beans.

    --
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  9. Re:Terrific counter to Monsanto's herbicide messag by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Nature is amazingly productive when allowed to do her thing, instead of undermined by highly destructive profit-led myopia.

    Is that why our modern crop yields are so much greater than those of our ancestors?

  10. Re:Next step - beer! by dedmorris · · Score: 5, Informative

    Read a Budweiser label. It's made with barley and rice. Many other American beers include "select grains" as well.

  11. Re:Terrific counter to Monsanto's herbicide messag by nedlohs · · Score: 4, Insightful

    No that's because use huge amounts of natural gas (half a billion tonnes or so a year) to create nitrogen fertilizers. And even more pesticides.

    Which don't get me wrong, I'm all for. But modern farming sacrifices some land productivity in exchange for much higher labor productivity.

    We use tidy rows of monoculture because it allows extremely efficient harvesting, not because it has better yields.

  12. So basicaly by wisnoskij · · Score: 3, Funny

    It is just doing one tiny part of what soil fungus would be doing naturally if they did not spray fungicide?

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  13. Re:How about the "bio-fuels" ? by cduffy · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Corn ethanol is ridiculously inefficient. Sugar-based biofuels, by contrast, can have a quite good return and are actively used by developing countries in South America that don't have money to waste on things that don't make economic sense (but aren't used in the US because we have relatively little land able to grow sugarcane).

    In short, it's more complex than either "all bio-fuels are good" or "all bio-fuels are evil". This shouldn't be a surprise -- few things are so simple.

  14. Re:Aaaah... shit... There's more. by ChrisMaple · · Score: 4, Insightful

    An increase of germination speed by 50% is a decrease in germination time by 33%. In your effort to denigrate their efforts and results, you display not only a sour attitude but poor math skills.

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