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Google Brain's Co-inventor Tells Why He's Building Chinese Neural Networks

An anonymous reader writes "Here's an interview with Andrew Ng, former leader of Google Brain, discussing Baidu, Deep Learning, computer neural networks, and AI. An interesting excerpt from the interview on biological vs. computer neural networks: "A single 'neuron' in a neural network is an incredibly simple mathematical function that captures a minuscule fraction of the complexity of a biological neuron. So to say neural networks mimic the brain, that is true at the level of loose inspiration, but really artificial neural networks are nothing like what the biological brain does."

33 comments

  1. TMBG by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Make a hole with a gun perpendicular
    To the name of this town in a desk-top globe
    Exit wound in a foreign nation
    Showing the home of the one this was written for
    My apartment looks upside down from there
    Water spirals the wrong way out the sink
    And her voice is a backwards record
    It's like a whirlpool and it never ends

    Andrew Ng and I are getting old
    And we still haven't walked in the glow of each other's majestic presence
    Listen Andrew hear my words
    They're the ones you would think I would say if there was a me for you

    All alone at the '64 World's Fair
    Eighty dolls yelling "Small man after all"
    Who was at the Dupont Pavilion?
    Why was the bench still warm? Who had been there?
    Or the time when the storm tangled up the wire

  2. Re:hu? by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 2

    Having crossed paths with this fella about 10 years ago, you're not too far off. Minus the racism.

  3. On the other hand ... by PPH · · Score: 4, Funny

    artificial neural networks are nothing like what the biological brain does.

    ... there are quite a few people around who tried to overclock their brains during the '60s and '70s.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
    1. Re:On the other hand ... by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      More like stripped the insulation off the wiring ...

      Which leads me to a question. If the 'neuron' of machine learning is so very different from a biological neuron, why are people insisting on calling it a 'neuron'. Sounds more like a 'synapse' that just takes an input and does some fairly simple manipulation of the signal. Is there some deeper analogy that isn't obvious? A car analogy perhaps?

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    2. Re:On the other hand ... by ArhcAngel · · Score: 2

      Why were the first cars called horseless carriages? Because the carriage pulled by a horse was something that was familiar. and automobile sounded funny. We ended up dropping the horseless part and shortening carriage to car eventually though.

      --
      "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous animals and you know it." - K
    3. Re:On the other hand ... by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If the 'neuron' of machine learning is so very different from a biological neuron, why are people insisting on calling it a 'neuron'.

      You could say the same about the 'wing' of an airplane and a biological wing. The wing of a hummingbird or mosquito is vastly more complicated and capable than the wing of a 747. It provides thrust as well as lift, can do a vertical takeoff without a runway, and can go instantly from forward flight to hovering. On the other hand, a hummingbird can't go from SFO to Narita in 8 hours.

    4. Re:On the other hand ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Its elementary particle, like Gene or Meme. It can be called neuron alright, even if it is not biological.

      Im working on an AI approach whose neurons are C-like structs [the 'neurons'], Such structs have methods mimicking the properties of the biological neurons of ours, as well as pointers that connect to other neurons [structs] acting like synapses, and so on. The problem in my case is how to get a good performance having to deal with billions of structs,

    5. Re:On the other hand ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Technically these are called "perceptrons" in the parlance of machine learning. They're basically a really simple linear discriminant. They have an activation threshold and a bunch of connections to different intermediate layers of perceptrons, and that's where the "neuron" comparison comes from, but it's kind of a false equivalence that gets overplayed for the media.

    6. Re:On the other hand ... by Sudline · · Score: 1

      And cars have still "horsepower".

  4. Bran and brain! What is brain? by neo-mkrey · · Score: 1

    It is Controller, is it not?

  5. Re:Brain and brain! What is brain? by neo-mkrey · · Score: 0

    UGH! Why can't I edit comments like every other message board on the face of the Earth!?!?

  6. Nothing like Biological by NReitzel · · Score: 2

    To say that "artificial neural networks are nothing like what the biological brain does" is no more correct than to say "artificial neural networks are just like the brain."

    Machine learning neural networks do the same flavor of thing that a real organic brain does, but at a complexity that is -many- orders of magnitude smaller. They also tend to be directed at a single skill, and don't have to cohabit the network with, well, everything.

    They're not the same, but they're not totally different, either. Truth is not well served by hyperbole.

    --

    Don't take life too seriously; it isn't permanent.

    1. Re:Nothing like Biological by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Since not everyone can be a Polymath, hyperbole is a lossy compression algorithm for so-called truth. It summarizes the entirety of an individual's personal experience and amplifies the subtlety in to an signed char.

      It's essentially Fuzzy Logic vs the one dimension analysis of Good/Evil "black and white" Boolean thinking.

      More intelligent people are capable of understanding multidimensional analysis like a radar chart. With enough familiarity the intricacies no longer require amplification to get above the noise threshold and grab the listener by the short hairs.

      It's why a Criminal Justice or Statistics Professor doesn't have to be "racist" to participate in bigotry. The thought-crime taboo of committing the heinous act of mental approximation is only as indecent as the lack of precision used to describe the profile of tendencies along made up fantasies of genetic distinction.

      Although stereotypes are highly efficient predictive algorithms which can usually describe tendencies along any single axis of analysis, they are only as efficient at prediction as the self-fulfilling prophecy has people subscribing to the confirmation bias RSS feed. Racism is effective as a predictor because racism inspires the described outcomes. It's like a reflection of itself which exacerbates in predictive value with every application.

      You can usually shock people out of their confirmation bias pattern by sticking them in a dark alley with a black cop and a bunch of skin head goons. They'll either learn a more "gray" approach to thinking or they'll end up with a knife in the stomach, but don't blame the fish for pattern matching the contours of a shark.

      Now, when I say "highly efficient" I'm actually participating in the hyperbole that you are condemning(maybe even as a demonstration) but the reality is that bigotry and prejudice aren't very efficient at all when compared against a better methodology. Only better than random guesses in many cases. Crucifying bigots for their ignorance of better methodologies for oppressing the poor may do something to mitigate the aggravating impact on injustice of an excessive RSS subscriber count, but it is only whipping the poor/ignorant for their own failure to benefit from the education which would give them superior approximation tools when guesstimating if they're about to get stabbed.

      The mental picture of a self-righteous womyn's studies profession getting mugged and volunteering his SSN as driven by White Guilt(thought crime/cognitive bias hat trick) is humorous(comedians are a reflection of societies pressure points) but in practice my argument is that it's easy to guesstimate who is "low rent" based on their willingness to swallow the pill that crossing the street in a bad neighborhood is an intolerable crime against human dignity. A willingness to play these political games makes a good litmus test for which side of town the candidate grew up on and what type of car they drive(will their poverty be contagious if they park their shit car next to your broken window?).

      Am I more indecent for criticizing the wealthy lizard-people based on my own inability to cohabitate next to the "good schools" or afford the college admissions driven up in cost by their conservative voting tendencies(West Virginia is more "Red" than California)? Is my readily apparent mental illness a form of autism, or an acute stress reaction to living like a popper long enough to be sympathetic to their tar pit plight? Can I haz be one of the "Common People"?

      You might argue this rant is off-topic but we're discussing Deep Learning and ANN's so the product of several decades of survival instinct on the multivariate optimization problem of how not to get beat up/stabbed or fired/starve from salary stagnation for thought crime seems pretty on topic to me. My 1x lifetime human assisted machine learning research project made a pseudo-bigot/crazy person. Neat? Fuck that! We're trying to make co-conspirators, not activists and authors! "Scrub it! Start from scratch with differe

    2. Re:Nothing like Biological by TapeCutter · · Score: 2
      Exactly, an artificial neuron is a mathematical model of a real neuron, it's the "spherical cow" of computer science.

      They also tend to be directed at a single skill

      Yes, The single skill problem is the main reason neural nets were seen as curious toys for 50ys but I think IBM solved that problem with Watson in the mid-noughties. How? - I'm not sure.

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    3. Re:Nothing like Biological by l0n3s0m3phr34k · · Score: 1

      "They also tend to be directed at a single skill"....as in, "kill all the humans". Kill the humans, destroy their culture...kill the humans, kill them all!

    4. Re:Nothing like Biological by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is very true. It takes an artificial neural network far less neurons (and complexity) to perform the same task, e.g., object recognition. Intelligence scales with complexity and organic neurons are very complex internally; However, most of that complexity does not translate to network complexity which is what gives rise to "apparent" intelligence of a system. Furthermore, Artificial Neurons can be MORE complex in some ways than Organic Neurons are:Organic neurons can be one of several types, excitatory, inhibitory, etc. All of the organic neuron's axon pathways are of that type of neuron, i.e., an excitatory neuron only has excitatory outputs. Whereas a single artificial neuron can have multiple axons each being a different type, i.e., one artificial neuron firing can contribute excitatory AND inhibitory outputs. In many instances this optimization allows more complex interaction (intelligence) with less network complexity in an artificial neural network when compared to an organic system which accomplishes the same task.

      TL;DR: Who cares about the complexity of the neuron itself, the complexity of the accumulation function isn't really what matters, it's the complexity of the network itself that matters and machines are much more efficient than organic brains at achieving such complexity.

  7. The problem with Chinese neural networks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    An hour after you turn them one they are hungry for singularity.

    1. Re:The problem with Chinese neural networks by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Cey Lon

  8. Biggest difference is timing. by aberglas · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Certainly biological neurons are much more complex than artificial neural net neurons. The simplest "Integrate and Fire" (IF) model of a biological neuron perform a leaky integration over *time*, and if the voltage ever reaches the trigger value the fire. So the timing of stimulations is critical, whereas most Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) does all its calculations (logically) at the same time. The ANN is both simpler and cleaner to work with. Biological synapses are very complex, but much of that complexity just reflects the wet technology that they are made from.

    If you want to understand how the brain works, study biological neurons. If you want to understand how to build an intelligent machine, engineer ANNs.

  9. No, dude by Threni · · Score: 1

    That is NOT what a Chinese Room is!

  10. Re:hu? by aristotle-dude · · Score: 0

    Having crossed paths with this fella about 10 years ago, you're not too far off. Minus the racism.

    I did not realize that Chinese was a race. I thought it was a nationality. Is this like how people who question Islam are called racists? Islam is also not a race but a religion and potentially an ideology. Should people oppose communism be called racists too?

    --
    Jesus was a compassionate social conservative who called individuals to sin no more.
  11. English by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    From the TFA:

    What about words that donâ(TM)t exist in one language versus another?

    How come the word Butter doesn't mean more butt?

  12. Han. by tepples · · Score: 1

    Chinese-as-race is probably referring to the Han Chinese ethnicity.

    1. Re:Han. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Chinese-as-race is probably referring to the Han Chinese ethnicity.

      Aristotle-dudes comment does bring up an interesting point.

      Racism is everywhere and every race is guilty to a point unless they make an effort to move beyond it.

      The sad thing is when someone makes the effort to move beyond it and deal with everyone as equals on their own merits that it becomes not about race but about politics.

      It is funny how someone from a western culture can say a descriptive thing referring to a Chinese person or asian or oriental person and despite (per your claim) chinese not being a race, unless referring to the Chinese Han ethnicity (of which I have many friends) and you get attitude back of someone being "Racist" because the person comes back and says they are Korean or Laotian or Japanese.

      I can forgive that, but it is the people who don't have a lot of experience with those cultures that cannot differentiate those nationalities and yet they get off on the wrong foot or the person seeing racism from someone who just can't tell the difference, when tolerance and understanding would be a better approach.

      Accents can be touchy like that, I am from the midwest and I have a midwestern accent even though I can't hear it. I was on a support call with someone who (I shit you not his name was spelled Louis) got all pissy with me because I didn't pronounce his name with a Spanish or Mexican accent like Luiz.. that is not how it was spelled and he didn't have a noticeable accent until he said his name, but I am the asshole for that , just because I don't speak in a foreign accent from a place that I have never been and likely never will go? I have learned this lesson though, and occasionally when someone has a very foreign name I work with them to make damn sure I pronounce their name correctly even if they have to sound it out for me syllable by syllable and it seems that that can sometimes be a bonding thing. But again I say that to say that, having so many friends from so many different cultures that tolerance and understanding wins out and that leaves the people who just through out the racism excuse, in a lot of cases not because of racism but it is a form of playing politics. If he ever reads this, I apologize Luuuizzzzz! My bad!

  13. Re:hu? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    He's just doing what everyone else who succeeds in this business does. Downloading libraries to recreate popular results and doing better demos. You might as well accuse 90% of PhD students of doing the same thing. In fairness, you probably are.

    Man, we get jaded in this business, don't we?

  14. Re:hu? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Well you're wrong. My family is from Taiwan, but identify racially as Chinese.

  15. Oh, the media, lol. by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

    They're basically a really simple linear discriminant.

    Actually, most of them are nonlinear. Sigmoid function is common, and there are much more exotic things going on too, such as fuzzy logic-based discriminants. Bottom line is that any discriminatory function is of interest.

    There's also some fascinating stuff going on with time discriminants where they're having very encouraging results.

    Odds are excellent that both (time and transfer function) are part of a solution that is most human-neuron-like. But it isn't by any means a given that we have to go there to make actual AI work. That's just how we work. Also, I am fairly confident, like this.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
  16. As to biology by fyngyrz · · Score: 1

    In addition to very high complexity, fixed topology (meaning, using primarily electrical, chemical and timing means as opposed to topological modification to operate), general problem solving networks, I am fairly confident that we develop plenty of what can accurately be described as single-skill networks, topologically tuned to individual problems by continuous cut-and-fit until the errors drop. I lay out why right here.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
  17. Money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    He gets paid to do it. Typical Chinese.

  18. Re:Brain and brain! What is brain? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because this is slashdot and we don't like posts that aren't well thought out and cohesive. Read before you hit that button. You'll thank me for that advice after someone rips you a new asshole on here because what you wrote looks like it was written by a 5 year old.

  19. Is this going to be the Chinese Room? by sproketboy · · Score: 1
  20. Re:hu? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I did not realize that Chinese was a race.

    That's because you don't know what a race is. Go read about the definition (Wikipedia is a good start) and let it sink in.