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Racial Discrimination Affects Virtual Reality Characters Too

vrml writes: You are looking for the exit of a building in a virtual reality experience when a virtual character gets stuck in a room and cries for your help. Could the color of the skin (black or white) of the virtual human influence your decision to provide or refuse help? That's what comes out from a new study published by the journal Computers in Human Behavior. White users were told that they had to reach the exit of the virtual building as soon as possible. The number of users who decided to help tripled when the virtual victim was white rather than black. Researchers tried also other conditions in which they did not put users under time pressure: this reduced the discrimination, although the number of users who helped remained more favorable for the white rather than the black virtual human. The paper explains these results in terms of the automatic categorization processes that originate from unwanted, unconscious social and cultural biases: putting people under pressure increases automatic responses, leading to more discrimination towards the black character.

44 of 251 comments (clear)

  1. What about the race of the escapee? by i_ate_god · · Score: 2

    If the person who is escaping is Asian, would they be more inclined to ignore white people while trying to get out?

    --
    I'm god, but it's a bit of a drag really...
    1. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by Sechr+Nibw · · Score: 3, Informative

      For me, the page is blank but then redirects to: http://www.sciencedirect.com/s...

      From the PDF:
      The participants were Italian and white. They were psychology students (N = 96; 48 women, 48 men) who volunteered to participate without any reward. Their mean age was 24 (SD = 2.82).

      Nice of them to not even test black people saving white, that way white people can feel like shit.

    2. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by Coren22 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Us white devils should all feel bad because of our white privilege and stuff...

      --
      APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
    3. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Blacks ignoring whites is not racist.

      Orientals ignoring whites is not racist.

      Arabs ignoring whites is not racist.

      Indians ignoring whites is not racist.

      Whites ignoring anyone else is racist. Whites are guilty by default. End of story.

      --
      Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    4. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by AmiMoJo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nice of you to frame it as "black vs. white". Not every study has to be comprehensive, and merely limiting the study is not evidence of an attempt to attack one group.

      Seriously, grow up.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    5. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by wisnoskij · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Interesting point. I was also wondering if they are possibly skipping over other reasons why it would happen. I have seen studies that have shown that Black people are generally perceived as more adult (the study did not control for how psychologically adult they actually were, so we have no idea if it is simply perception or an actual attribute). So that would imply that since you would be more inclined to view a black person as capable of looking after themselves that you would be less likely to lend your aid to one. I have no doubt that the age of the virtual person would highly influence the number of helpful individuals. Which very well might not be a reciprocated relationship.
      It also makes me wonder how else did the virtual people differentiate. Was the white one 5'2", skinny, and approximately 100 pounds; While the Black one was 6'3", 200 pounds, and looked infinity more capable of looking after himself? Or did they simply take the same model and change the skin color?

      --
      Troll is not a replacement for I disagree.
    6. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by serviscope_minor · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The article was sufficient to demonstrate racial bias even with virtual participants.

      It says nothing about black versus white versus white versus black. That's you reading racism into a study where the people involved probably (a) don't care much about specific races and (b) didn't have the time or money to have a larger study covering more options.

      Randomly complaining about racism where none exists. Does this mean I get to call you an SJW? Seriously, I don't know. SJW seems to get used more or less for everything at the moment.

      --
      SJW n. One who posts facts.
    7. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by scubamage · · Score: 3, Informative

      No it isn't. 100 participants is enough for 99% confidence with a plus/minus 5% confidence interval.

    8. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I am not threatened by false accusations. The most racist people I know are the ones crying "racism" everywhere.

      By racist, I mean those that are crying for score adjustments on SATs for black students who score less than white/Asian people (on average). Basically they are saying that black students are LESS CAPABLE of getting good scores, and thus are inferior to white/Asian students.

      This is appalling racism. It is insulting.

      Or when Jesse Jackson says that "thugs" is racist term, when describing Michael Brown pushing a store owner around. Michael Brown was a thug, it has nothing to do with race ... UNLESS you're saying that pushing people around is a race based characteristic. Again, what Jesse Jackson said, while appearing to be legitimate was basically establishing that blacks are incapable of acting civilized and thus using terms like "thuggish behavior" to describe thuggish behavior is racially insensitive.

      Real racism says that blacks can't help themselves, and need government to help them. It is pretty fucking sickening to me.

      --
      Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    9. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by serviscope_minor · · Score: 2

      The study was, itself, racist. It only studied white participants.

      I think Inigo Montoya would like a word with you.

      Racism is prejudice against a certain race. Studying a race is not racism.

      --
      SJW n. One who posts facts.
    10. Re:What about the race of the escapee? by Optic7 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      You may not be aware that there is lots of openly expressed racism in Europe - apparently much more so than in the US. This includes Italy. One of Italy's top soccer strikers (Mario Balotelli), who happens to be black, has suffered a lot of racist chants, and he's by no means the only example.

  2. you care more for your own kind, its science! by Cito · · Score: 5, Insightful

    They did this study with kids and dolls in the 80s.

    We are programmed to prefer our own kind and ethnicity.

    Its a tribal thing that protected man for hundreds of thousands of years..

    Political correctness morons want to call it racism but political correctness is anti individualism and promotes group think.

    1. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      They did this study with kids and dolls in the 80s.

      We are programmed to prefer our own kind and ethnicity.

      Actually, blacks favored whites too in those studies.

    2. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Um, yeah wasn't that the same study where black kids thought of the black dolls as dirty, and tightly curled hair as nappy?

      There are so many negative stereotypes thrown at people that they never even give themselves a chance to be free in their own minds

      Look at the products, skin lighteners, hair straighteners, plastic surgery, things that can damage the skin, scalp and cause lifelong disfigurement, but that promise ine thing... to be whiter

      You think that it is normal because you only hang with your white tribe, you should get out more and opoen your mind to different experiences

    3. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by AmiMoJo · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Human beings are programmed for all kinds of undesirable behaviour. Resolving conflict through violence, males procreating with as many females as possible and preventing others from doing likewise, extreme tribalism etc. That's not an excuse for any of it though, because we are supposed to learn better during childhood and grow up into responsible adults.

      If you can't get past someone's race and stop being biased towards them then there is something wrong with you as an adult. It's excusable in young children who don't know any better and don't control their emotions and instincts, but not in adults.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    4. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by devforhire · · Score: 2

      There are people who treat all racists as if they were the worst kind of racists. Throwing anyone who fits the broad term of "racist" (and that is all of us) into the same category and treating them as such is no different from racism.

    5. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by Grishnakh · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Resolving conflict through violence, males procreating with as many females as possible and preventing others from doing likewise, extreme tribalism etc.

      The pre-European-contact Hawaiians and many other indigenous cultures (pre-European-contact usually) completely disagree with you. In Hawaiian culture, they didn't even have marriage; people just had sex with whoever, whenever, no one knew who kids' fathers were, and the kids were raised collectively by their villages. In some South American tribe, people think kids can have multiple fathers, so women wanting a kid have sex with a bunch of different men they like, hoping to endow the child with traits from each of them.

      It's only various expansionist cultures which pushed the idea that women are owned by men and their sexuality is to be controlled by them.

    6. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by lister+king+of+smeg · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Look at the products, skin lighteners, hair straighteners, plastic surgery, things that can damage the skin, scalp and cause lifelong disfigurement, but that promise ine thing... to be whiter

      also hair curling irons, skin bronzer, plastic surgery (can be used both ways) tanning, hair dye promising to be darker.

      some people just aren't satisfied with who they are.

      --
      ---Saying gnome 3 is better than windows 8 not so much a compliment as it is damning with light praise.
    7. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by vux984 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Not saving an avatar doesn't show that you're biased against them, because they don't exist.

      Discriminating between saving black vs white avatars does indicate some sort of bias. Deal with it.

      Am I racist because I like green coloured avatars,

      Adding green colored avatars would be an interesting experiment; would they similarly be discriminated against on average? Or would their introduction break the "real world to virtual world" parallel in the average mind and lead to any real-world biases not being applied; leading to no discernible bias... or perhaps you need to eliminate black and white as options and only have green, orange, and purple avatars... and then that might be interesting too. Would their be a bias... would people bias towards helping other avatars with the same color as their own avatar... would orange be universally favored regardless of the color of self? Would players own real life colorings affect the displayed bias or lack thereof. I couldn't say.

      But if there is a definite bias displayed, then there is a definite bias. Racism is one possible and reasonable explanation that can't be discounted out of hand.

      Although depending on the textures and lighting... maybe it was simply because the white ones were easier to see...?

      or a criminal because I have a penchant for rogue classes?

      A criminal? no. but it does say something about you; if you examine the reasons why you have a penchant for rogue classes; I'm sure you'll find something out about yourself reflected in that.

      and I don't go around pickpocketing IRL either.

      I find it interesting you mention pickpocketing at all. My interest in rogue classes tends to focus on their stealth and back stab attacks -- I have a friend who plays rogues and his interest is always in their fast-talk / deception skills. But you... you mentioned pickpocketing... interesting. ;)

    8. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by scubamage · · Score: 2

      This is true. If I remember correctly the lighter the skin of a doll, the more it was preferred. So children with ebony skin still showed a preference towards dolls with mocha skin over dolls with ebony skin.

    9. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by vux984 · · Score: 2

      Uh... they're *fun*?

      Of course, but why are they *fun*? Do you really think it says nothing about you?

      They certainly aren't universally viewed as fun; I know many people who would never choose to play one. And of those that do choose to play them their are a variety of motivations and reasons... I outlined some earlier; but there are lot more.

      That you read anything else into a game says something about you, wouldn't you think?

      That I even play games says something about me. Which games I choose, and how I choose to play them All reveal a great deal about me. Do I play them on easy or on hard? Do I care about "achievements" ? Do I care if others can see those achievements? Do I use cheats? Do I tend to play Iron man or do I save and reload often? Do I prefer strategy or tactics or reaction? How important are graphics? Do I prefer solo or competitive multiplayer or cooperative? Do I pirate games? Or buy them? Do I wait for sales or buy on realease day? Which games do I buy on release day? Do I choose avatars that are projections of me? (Mayor Sheldon Cooper of Sheldonopolis? Or are they whimsical? Or are they crude... Mayor Farts of Pooplandia? Do I only choose handsome male avatars? Or will I play a female or troll ... or troll female? Does it affect how I behave? Do you finish every quest you start? Do only do quests that give you measurable upgrades? Do you read the quest text? Do you care about the story at all? Do you bother with appearance items at all? Or are you look like a patchwork of mismatched armors? Do you want it to look impressive or fearsome or do you set out to make it look like a joke? Do you get into your character or is it just a puppet you steer around?

      To suggest that how you play a game says nothing deep or penetrating about you is to be utterly naive. Sure playing a Rogue doesn't imply you are a criminal. But there's a wealth of information about you from how you play.

    10. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by Solandri · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Actually, I wonder how much of this is actual racism, and how much is ingrained biases based on color. People like white because it's reminiscent of day - light, transparent, revealing. People dislike black because it's reminiscent of night - dark, hidden, obscuring. I'm curious how the experiment would've turned out if they'd run it with a colored inanimate object. e.g. Subjects get a chance to retrieve a woman's white purse vs. a black purse during a robbery.

    11. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by Grishnakh · · Score: 2

      Societies expect various things of adults that involve resisting animal instincts.

      And how exactly do you know that these primitive societies are the ones expecting things which resist animal instincts, and that other societies (with men hoarding women and restricting their sexuality) are the ones which aren't? How do you know you don't have it backwards?

      Or maybe both societies are resisting animal instincts: maybe the pro-sex societies are resisting mens' instincts, while the anti-sex, pro-monogamy societies are the ones resisting womens' instincts.

    12. Re:you care more for your own kind, its science! by Grishnakh · · Score: 2

      Because Europeans were sexually frustrated and channeled their energy into conquering, while the Hawaiians sat around in a paradise (Hawaii is warm and fertile year-round, unlike Europe and most other places) having orgies and generally being happy and not feeling any need to go steal other peoples' land and resources?

  3. More than in real life? by digsbo · · Score: 2

    I wonder if some people would be *more* likely to discriminate in a VR environment than in real life, because it could let them do something morally repugnant that they wouldn't feel OK about doing in the real world.

  4. Fight fight fight by Foofoobar · · Score: 2

    Yeah but in a MORPG, I'll bet when you want a character to group with, you'll pick the black guy over the white guy in a fight.

    --
    This is my sig. There are many like it but this one is mine.
  5. LOL ... by gstoddart · · Score: 2

    Damned bastard Khajit and Argonians, can't trust any of them ... wait, what?

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  6. Even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    The number of users who decided to help tripled when the virtual victim was white rather than black.

    When the players themselves were black, they actually stopped to pop a cap in the black victims before they escaped.

  7. The results are deliberately skewed by acwnh · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I skimmed through the paper, and it is garbage! All of the participants in the study were white Italians- none were black, asian, or any other ethnicity. Consequently, they drew the conclusions they were looking for when they conducted this "scientific study", i.e. there was racial bias against black victims. I cannot believe this paper was published! The authors did not look at whether racial biases worked against other ethnicities in similar ways or numbers.
    The real racial bias is the study itself!

    1. Re:The results are deliberately skewed by 91degrees · · Score: 2

      Surely that only matters if you're concerned about relative racism between white people and non-white people.

      It's looking at the difference in opinion of the participants regarding white people and black people. They did one experiment. They changed a single factor (race). That affected the results.

    2. Re:The results are deliberately skewed by Khashishi · · Score: 3, Informative

      This is how science works. The experiment does not make claims outside of the experimental parameters. If you interpret that as implying some sort of claim about white people versus black people, that's your problem. Go research other studies to fill in the gaps.

  8. Opposite axioms lead to opposite conclusions by mi · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Whenever statistics is used to talk about discrimination (sexual, racial, religious), two conflicting sets of axioms are employed by the people arguing. Allow me to enumerate:

    • All groups of people (genders, races, religions) are, on average, the same and any statistically-observed differences in their behavior or treatment can only be due to bigotry.
    • All groups of people (genders, races, religions) are, on average, treated the same and any statistically-observed differences in their behavior or treatment can only be due their own differences from others.

    Obviously, the first axiom — and conclusions — is the politically-correct official stance championed by the government. And I'd like to share it too. But it contradicts some of the well-known facts:

    1. Vastly more Black kids (67%!) are growing up in single-parent households than any other race.
    2. Asian kids — who should be, if the "Whites-are-racists" narrative is to be believed, be suffering just as well — are, in fact, doing so well, college admission boards (adherents of the first axiom) penalize them by about 140 points compared to Whites. It is so ugly, some Asians choose to not answer the "race" question on their application at all.

    So, the first axiom is shot by reality...

    Maybe, it is all about single-parenthood — all human cultures were highly suspicious of bastard children (the very term is a derogatory one). And not because the mother "sinned" — if that were the case, her subsequent marriage would not have absolved the child — but because it is much harder for a single parent to raise a child into a decent human being. So, the "preconditioned" response this study exposed may not be so much about race per se, as about the likelihood of the person to be not right in the head — they are about 2.5-3 times more likely to have grown up without a father.

    It'd be interesting, if the study used Whites, who've grown up in those parts of the world, where Blacks' incidence of single-parenthood is not so awfully lopsided. And compared them with the American Whites.

    --
    In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
  9. D&D exception by slashmydots · · Score: 3, Funny

    The Drow race are legitimately douchebags though. I think we can all agree on that.

  10. "Bow, Nigger" is almost 10 years old. by DrunkenTerror · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Nothing has changed.

    http://phocks.tumblr.com/post/...

  11. Gender by abies · · Score: 4, Insightful

    They should make same experiment with helping man versus woman. I'm quite sure that male participants would rescue more females than males. I wonder how it would other way - there is a good chance that female test subjects would also rescue females more often.
    If this is the case, we would have a perfect proof for gender discrimination and should invest into "leave women to burn" sensitivity trainings for everybody.
    With further studies, they would determine than attractive females are more often rescued then ugly ones, by both sexes. We can then do obligatory anti-discrimination 102 course, "Let pretty ones burn to death". We could practice by burning barbie dolls, as they are promoting unhealthy body proportions. Which would be strange, because it would mean that they are pretty, which they should not be. So, we should be burning dolls with more realistic body build. But should they be white? If they are white, we will get sued for saying that only white ones are pretty. If they are black... HR sensitivity training based around burning black dolls... not good. We want WHITE pretty girls to die, not black pretty girls.
    Marshmallows ! Maybe this will go into subconcious part of the mind - if you burn enough white marshmallows, it will come natural to you later with real fire.

    Now, when I think about our last team building event, there was almost unlimited supply of marshmallows next to the bonfire... can it be already happening?

    1. Re:Gender by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Leaving women to burn was for most of recent history the default. During the Victorian Age Anglo-Americans really became obsessed with the notion of chivalry, and part of that was the idea that men should help women and children. If the Titanic had sunk in an earlier age you can bet that the life-boats would have been sausage fests. Outside of Anglo-American cultures women and children are often abandoned during strife, depending on how much of this aspect of Anglo-American culture has been adopted (or, of course, whether there are similar norms native to the culture).

      Some feminists struggle with ideas such as men opening doors for women, which is another vestige from the Victorian Age of gender-based chivalry. While it's nice to have a door opened for you, the cultural subtext is tainted by notions of helplessness and power. And some people can't get over that. (I'm an equal opportunity door-opener, FWIW.)

      Now, what really blew my mind was visiting Shanghai. I had read that I might see elderly people give way to younger ones, but it wasn't until I saw with my own eyes elderly people giving up their seat on the subway to teenagers and 20-somethings that I finally understood how peculiar our customs can be. (Of course, I understand the background to the behavior, what with the cultural revolution and then the one-child policy. Still, it really helped put even "obvious"-seeming cultural norms into perspective.)

  12. No way! by nedlohs · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It's almost as if helping people survive who are similar to you could have an evolutionary advantage over helping people less similar to you.

  13. Worthless Study by thechemic · · Score: 5, Insightful
    I agree. The entire study is stupid. In the study, they admit this correlation:

    Being of the same ethnicity as the helper makes the victim appear more similar, and people act more favorably toward people perceived as similar to them; furthermore, it makes the helper feel a member of the same (ethnic) group as the victim, and members of the same group are treated more favorably than non-members.

    Any person with half a brain would ensure that the participant pool included members from all cultural backgrounds. But that wasn't the case:

    The participants were Italian and white.

    .

    So they tested racial bias for white helping blacks, but they did not test for bias when blacks had to assist whites even though they KNEW there was a strong correlation in willingness to assist when similar cultural backgrounds are involved. Then, they take the test results (which were obvious before the study even began) and ran to the internet with cries of racism amongst Italian and white people. Ridiculous...

    --
    Let's make like a bird... and get the flock outta here.
    1. Re:Worthless Study by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I don't see anywhere that they claim only whites are racist or that they claim other races wouldn't behave otherwise. You seem to be reading that into it so you can angrily dismiss the article.

    2. Re:Worthless Study by thechemic · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I didn't "dismiss" the article; I read the whole thing and commented on it.

      If you don't see anywhere they claim that whites are racist then you're illiterate. Racism consists of both prejudice and discrimination, and the article is FILLED from top to bottom of examples where white people exhibit both prejudice and discrimination toward black people.

      --
      Let's make like a bird... and get the flock outta here.
  14. WE HAVE ACHIEVED PEAK CAUCASITY by ezdiy · · Score: 2, Insightful

    tl;dr: WE HAVE ACHIEVED PEAK CAUCASITY

    Actually did RTFA. This experiment in aversive racism seems to assume broad definition racism, ie "us vs them", or group membership.

    At this moment, colloquial use of word "racism" in clickbait media is essentially interchangeable with "bigotry". Sadly how words are used define their meaning, not the other way around. But yes, most people are bigoted. Even the pope is bigoted towards the idea of hell, fallen angels and satan (recently he promised to like gays; which is actually somewhat encouraging).

    You see, we europeans with crooked teeth are long past carnal racism based on obvious cues like skin color - owing to being class based serfdoms, instead of color based chattel slavery cultures in recent history. So we're left with no choice to hate thy neighbor based on ethnicity and/or nationality.

    Also, taking this all the way to ad-absurdum conclusion - a liberal not being fond of a conservative for being bigoted is racist (because hating political leaning is racist, just like hating russians because of stalin, or hating germans because of hitler or ...). The argument became so over simplified it becomes self-contradictory.

    When the shouting match between stormfronters and white guilt becomes polarised like it did recently, new words get invented and old meanings get redefined just by the sheer volume of simpleton shit sprung in both directions of camps of this career activism.

    Random (not)interesting tidbit: The nationality people around the world are racist towards the most is not blacks (or "people of color", or whatever its called today), not even chinese, but North Americans as a whole. This is just a speculation - eastern parts of europe, arab nations and large parts of asia would unilaterally prefer to sacrifice an american, instead of one of their supergroup. American race being defined by your accent and certain "american" behaviorial stereotypes.

  15. Are we so sure about that? by KermodeBear · · Score: 2

    automatic categorization processes that originate from unwanted, unconscious social and cultural biases

    Are we so sure that racism stems only from social and cultural biases? Could there not be a biological component to this as well? How does one affect the other? Can we ever know?

    I'm just sayin' - people lay all the blame on society but I wonder how much stems from base instinct.

    --
    Love sees no species.
    1. Re:Are we so sure about that? by ezdiy · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Closest-to-the kin (you save closest family first, then tribe, then nation, then neighboring allied nations and so on). All of that is of course instinct demonstrated on animal models over and over.

      On animal models its also demonstrated that sheer brute force often wins (ie both racism and rape is ok according to animal models).

      The problem with using biological models, or nature-vs-nurture to justify behavior is that it reduces humans to animals and defy civilization as such, so it usually does not carry enough weight to bother with it in sociology discourse as it's too easily shot down from too many angles.

      This study is interesting that it was conducted on humans, in recent toxic PC climate. It is of course carefully worded, ie "empirical study", "we don't know if its nature vs nurture etc", but it's easy to draw conclusions on your own with basic knownledge of statistics. Understandably nobody wants to spell out anything explicit and be labeled next Josef Mengele. But yeah, people are instinctively racist unless they rationally overcome that urge, just like one must suppress many other urges of our stupid animal lizard brain. Boohoo. News at 11. But don't say that on national TV.

  16. Re:My virtual character has green skin. by TheCastro1689 · · Score: 4, Informative

    The study says that in the fire scenario the racism disappeared.