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To Avoid NSA Interception, Cisco Will Ship To Decoy Addresses

An anonymous reader writes with this news snipped from The Register: Cisco will ship boxes to vacant addresses in a bid to foil the NSA, security chief John Stewart says. The dead drop shipments help to foil a Snowden-revealed operation whereby the NSA would intercept networking kit and install backdoors before boxen reached customers. The interception campaign was revealed last May. Speaking at a Cisco Live press panel in Melbourne today, Stewart says the Borg will ship to fake identities for its most sensitive customers, in the hope that the NSA's interceptions are targeted. 'We ship [boxes] to an address that has nothing to do with the customer, and then you have no idea who, ultimately, it is going to,' Stewart says.

55 of 296 comments (clear)

  1. Not new by raftpeople · · Score: 5, Funny

    "We ship [boxes] to an address that's has nothing to do with the customer,"

    I know some other companies that seem to do this for about half my orders.

    1. Re:Not new by fictionpuss · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If the NSA does not already have access to Cisco's obfuscated address system, then they are not doing their job.

    2. Re:Not new by Phreakiture · · Score: 2

      If the NSA does not already have access to Cisco's obfuscated address system, then they are not doing their job.

      Perhaps, but I believe it is incumbent upon us as American citizens to make their job as difficult as possible. The more steps they have to take to get at our information, the better. The ultimate aim should be to make their data collection so difficult that they have to ration their efforts.

      --
      www.wavefront-av.com
    3. Re:Not new by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 2

      If the NSA does not already have access to Cisco's obfuscated address system, then they are not doing their job.

      It doesn't help that the list of addresses that would totally be plausible recipients of an order of big, fancy, networking gear is markedly smaller than the list of addresses.

      Even if you ruled out cracking Cisco(which the NSA obviously wouldn't), bulk characterization of addresses by demographic is something that those sleazy abhumans in 'direct mail marketing' have been doing since before 'spammer' was even a term. Purely by collating publicly available information(or just hiring one of the existing data brokers do do it for them, since they offer exactly such services), it should be fairly easy to flag packages leaving Cisco for destinations that seem implausible in terms of expected demand for networking gear or ability to pay for it.

      There's also the issue, for Cisco, that drop sites in active use by their actual owners will be a bit of a customer service headache; but drop sites 'clandestinely' controlled by those 'sensitive' customers may or may not be as secret as the customers think, and random abandoned buildings aren't exactly ideal storage and transfer locations for expensive and moderately delicate shipments.

      Cisco also has the disadvantage that, if a shipment crosses borders, certain sorts of obfuscation with tax or export regulation implications potentially become legally risky (which a state adversary might well have fun with) and Cisco, because of their ongoing battle with clone components and grey market stuff, has a competing incentive to avoid throwing more mystery into their supply chain or compromising their cooperation with customs enforcement agencies and anti-counterfeiting law enforcement types. That isn't going to get any easier if there is supposed to be a 'Cisco-blessed' underground channel alongside the usual seedy resellers and dodgy discount hardware.

      They don't really have any alternative, if they want to keep customers who aren't pen pals with Uncle Sam; but their ability to talk the talk may well exceed their ability to act on it.

    4. Re:Not new by hjf · · Score: 3, Insightful

      As a foreigner, I believe it is incumbent upon you as American citizens to OUTLAW THE FUCKING NSA.

      Seriously? A WORLD CLASS COMPANY SHIPPING TO DECOY ADDRESSES to avoid ILLEGAL GOVERNMENT SPYING?

      WHAT THE FUCK, AMERICA?

  2. How much to become a sensitive customer? by Iamthecheese · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I would be happy to pay a little extra for this service for non-critical hardware. But if I were actually concerned the NSA would want to twist my knickers there's no way in hell I would: It's a huge red flag for them. Instead I would bribe someone at a different company to accept my shipment and forward it to me.

    But let's be honest, if the NSA is interested enough in you to install extras on your hardware, they probably already know your favorite porn, your underwear size, and what you had for breakfast. I'm happy to see extra services appearing for privacy-loving individuals but I don't think this particular one will help.

    --
    If video games influenced behavior the Pac Man generation would be eating pills and running away from their problems.
    1. Re:How much to become a sensitive customer? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      How much to pick up product as a will-call at the manufacturing facility?

    2. Re:How much to become a sensitive customer? by ultranova · · Score: 2

      But let's be honest, if the NSA is interested enough in you to install extras on your hardware, they probably already know your favorite porn, your underwear size, and what you had for breakfast.

      Because there's nothing more competent than a government bureau safe from inspections. Which, apparently, is intercepting your shipments just because, seeing how it already knows everything. It wishes you to see it as omnipotent so you won't even try. In reality, it couldn't even hold the loyalty of one of its own.

      All the Powers That Be are funny like that: godlike when unopposed, but once their subjects begin fighting them, their fall is just a matter of time.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    3. Re:How much to become a sensitive customer? by jedidiah · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I think this service is entirely pointless. If you are worried about interception using a common carrier, then you need to stop using common carriers. Full stop.

      You need to use a proper courier. You also need to work on making your gear more tamper resistant.

      --
      A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
    4. Re:How much to become a sensitive customer? by MachineShedFred · · Score: 2

      Yeah, this sounds like a great idea until Cisco receives a subpoena for a list of all customers that used this service.

      Whoops!

      --
      Slashdot still doesnâ(TM)t support Unicode after it was added to the HTML standard in 1997.
    5. Re:How much to become a sensitive customer? by ultranova · · Score: 2

      Oh right. So when do you expect this "fall" to occur? Because there's not much sign of the three-letter gov agencies letting go of the world's private parts any time soon.

      And why would they, when you're signaling right here that you're simply going to submit without a fuss? The NSA will fall when it goes beyond what US citizens are willing to tolerate. Since you tolerate your state killing you, I suppose it might get a while to get there. Or not, as this very story demonstrates.

      I cite Obama's election promise of an end to mass surveillance, which went nowhere.

      Right. So why do you keep voting for the Two Parties? They hardly have a reason to change when, for all your "citing", they can count on your support no matter how they treat you.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

  3. Re:Boxen? WTF? by plopez · · Score: 2, Informative

    box, pl. boxen

    --
    putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
  4. And credit card numbers will be securly stored by plopez · · Score: 2

    They will be cloudified using super secret double Rot13 encryption.

    --
    putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    1. Re:And credit card numbers will be securly stored by Minupla · · Score: 4, Funny

      No! Rot 13 is broken. Hey, Triple DES made DES secure again! We'll do quadrupedal Rot 13! That'll fix em!

      Min

      --
      On the whole, I find that I prefer Slashdot posts to twitter ones because I don't get limited to 140 chars before
  5. a bid to foil the NSA, John Stewart says by xxxJonBoyxxx · · Score: 3, Funny

    >> a bid to foil the NSA, security chief John Stewart says

    Both John Stewarts are funny guys.

    1. Re:a bid to foil the NSA, John Stewart says by Your.Master · · Score: 5, Funny

      The plural of John Stewart is John Stewarten.

  6. simple to thwart., more difficult with detection. by nimbius · · Score: 4, Interesting

    the actual plan is pretty secretive but crap like Smallco at Nowheresville is easy to catch. all the NSA has to do is take a spammers approach when sifting through UPS and FEDEX databases pertaining to Cisco. Using Sparse Orthogonal Bigrams or CRM114 with a combination of known customer addresses and contacts allows the NSA to quickly weed out any future attempt to subvert its practice.

    what isnt more difficult to thwart is a conscious customer, and thats the NSA's real problem. A shipment from San Francisco to Dallas for example, that takes a detour to Boson, could be good reason for suspicion. anti-tamper systems like tip-n-tell, environmental dyes, tamper seals, or a combination of these sytems as well as the much maligned DRM signed firmware could make the NSA's efforts substantially more difficult. Finally, getting out of lock-in technology monocultures like dell-everything shops and cisco-anything shops is helpful. a moving target is, after all, harder to hit.

    --
    Good people go to bed earlier.
  7. Re:Boxen? WTF? by Holi · · Score: 3, Funny

    In what fucking language. Pretty sure boxes is the pl. of box. But you know with everyone out there making up new spellings left and right how am I supposed to keep up. (I mean really "rediculous"???? why that one pisses me off so much I'll never know)

    --
    Sorry, teleporters just kill you and then make a copy. A perfect, soul-less copy.
  8. Re:boxen and Borg? by serviscope_minor · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What?

    You just lost you nerd cred, that's what. I sentence you to 5 hours of reading the jargon file.

    --
    SJW n. One who posts facts.
  9. No confidence by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I still can't trust that mechanism. Cisco needs to offer tools to verify the devices are genuine.

  10. Re:Or we just stop buying Cisco. by cdrudge · · Score: 2

    Anytime the Cisco account manager stopped by or called.

  11. Re:boxen and Borg? by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 3, Insightful

    What?

    "Editors"

    While admiring Cisco's efforts here, this seems hard. At least these criteria would need to be satisfied:

    1) the order would have to come in over an actual secure channel and be handled on known-secure systems.
    2) the payment could not be processed until the delivery was made. Once the payment is made, the delivery location is compromised for future orders.
    3) the shipment would have to be to a location that does not appear on the MLS. The receiver would have to follow tracking and send a courier out to meet the delivery driver (a easy expense for the right customers).

    Driving to a distributor for pickup also seems like a good idea, so long as #2 is adhered to, since it amplifies the required effort of an attack to intercept several palettes of gear.

    What other attacks are there on such a secure-delivery system using a common carrier?

    --
    My God, it's Full of Source!
    OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
  12. Re:Boxen? WTF? by zifferent · · Score: 2

    Geeklore, dude. If the plural of ox is oxen then the plural of box is boxen. Sheesh. Next you're going to tell me you don't know what borked is.

    --
    cat sig > /dev/null
  13. Why not just deliver it yourself? by NothingWasAvailable · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This strikes me as either silly (very James Bond), or an indication that Cisco doesn't even trust its own employees.

    Otherwise, why wouldn't Cisco just hand deliver the items using its own employees.

    Taking this cloak-and-dagger approach implies that if anyone at Cisco knows who's receiving the hardware, then it is at risk, meaning that Cisco is compromised and knows it.

    1. Re:Why not just deliver it yourself? by magarity · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Taking this cloak-and-dagger approach implies that if anyone at Cisco knows who's receiving the hardware, then it is at risk, meaning that Cisco is compromised and knows it.

      It also implies that the real problem is at UPS/FedEx/DHL? I'd like to know what the shippers have to say about these interceptions.

    2. Re:Why not just deliver it yourself? by Grishnakh · · Score: 2

      I'd like to know what the shippers have to say about these interceptions.

      They probably can't say anything because they've been served with National Security letters and aren't allowed to talk about anything under threat of prosecution or worse.

    3. Re:Why not just deliver it yourself? by mcrbids · · Score: 2

      It's a company, not a military. Of *course* they're compromised! Or at least, compromisable! I mean, every single employee comes to work because they are getting paid. So the NSA leaves a suitcase full of cash at an employee's house, and is asked to leak data, and is offered full legal immunity for doing so.

      You wouldn't take an extra $20,000 risk free? If not, you don't know somebody at work who would? Many people would do this for much less.

      --
      I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
  14. NSA doesnt' know? by ugen · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Seriously, I would assume that NSA at least has a "mole" in the order processing/accounting/shipping dept. at Cisco. Unless Cisco pays a lot more than market to these rank-and-file employees or gives them benefits unheard of elsewhere, they aren't particularly hard to get to cooperate, I would guess.

  15. The NSA will respond by mark_reh · · Score: 4, Interesting

    by putting their stuff into the Cisco boxes in the factory. Wait, aren't they already doing that?

  16. And how, exactly, are they going to do that? by tacokill · · Score: 3, Interesting

    You see, the US Government is very keen about governing exports. They prohibit shipping many products into restricted countries and they actively police it in a serious manner. Anyone who's product gets found in a restricted country is in hot water. It doesn't matter if the product(s) was sold through an intermediary or 20 middle men, the manufacturer is 100% responsible for asserting, under penalty of law, that their products will not end up in a restricted country and that's that. The treasury department even publishes a monthly list of offenders they catch but I apologize as I cannot seem to find it on google.

    To address this issue, many companies that have been caught are required by the US Treasury Dept to document every single end user of their product. Yes, every single unit that is sold must be documented as to where it's final resting place is. I doubt Cisco is under this kind of requirement (unless they've been caught in the past) but it seems this new policy is a huge risk for them in that area. If you were an Iranian supply store trying to procure Cisco equipment, this seems like a good way to do it without anyone knowing or being able to track it --- and that's a serious risk for Cisco.

    The minute one of those units gets found in Iran (or any restricted country), all hell will break loose. Again, it doesn't really matter how it got there.....

    Here is a good overview of the requirements and Here is a company that has a good policy summary that they live by. Smart on them.

    Understand that this has nothing to do with NSA or espionage. This is just a basic requirement of doing business overseas and exporting products. Doesn't matter whether it's plastic dog poo, Intel CPU's, lab equipment, cranes, or other engineered equipment

  17. Re:Boxen? WTF? by plopez · · Score: 4, Insightful

    So what is the pl. of "ox"? "Oxes"? I think not.

    --
    putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
  18. Re:Boxen? WTF? by fhage · · Score: 5, Insightful
    Kids these days... Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX.

    We had several Vaxen in our lab.

    It's used to show who groks tek. Sales dept use "Vaxes". Users say Vaxen.

    Now, get off my lawn. I just mowed it.

  19. Re:Boxen? WTF? by in10se · · Score: 2, Insightful

    How can you call yourself a /. reader having not read The Jargon File?

    --
    Popisms.com - Connecting pop culture
  20. Re:Boxen? WTF? by sumdumass · · Score: 2

    Years ago, this was a common mistake by people trying to touch type to fast for their skill level that actually became sort of a fad when talking about computers. Your boxen or my boxen actually refered to our computer hardware. Its also the reason we have lulz insted of lols.its now considered plural for lol but it was really just people trying to keep up with chat in busy chat rooms- where the originsl shorthand started before texting.

  21. Re:Boxen? WTF? by in10se · · Score: 4, Informative

    Have you never read The Jargon File. It's required reading for any hacker.

    --
    Popisms.com - Connecting pop culture
  22. Re:Boxen? WTF? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    Boxes is the plural of box only if you're talking about containers like cardboard or wooden boxes, etc.

    If you're talking about computer gear that happens to come in a vaguely box-shaped chassis (like a computer or a network switch), the plural is boxen. See also "vaxen".

    Keep up? The terminology is possibly older than you are.

  23. Re: boxen and Borg? by ralphsiegler · · Score: 2

    Your use of "neckbeard" dates you, that was a hip term two years ago. I'm guessing you have a neckbeard fetish, there might be genre of porn just for you.

  24. Plural of Box is Bice by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Mouse-> Mice
    Louse -> Lice
    House -> Hice
    Platapouse -> Platapice
    Faux -> Fauce
    Fox -> Fice
    Box -> Bice

    1. Re:Plural of Box is Bice by marciot · · Score: 2

      A number of animals do not have plurals, they have a group name:

      A basement of geeks.

  25. Re: Boxen? WTF? by Ksevio · · Score: 3, Funny

    Apparently it's foxen since anything that ends with "ox" it pluralized the same way

  26. Red Herring by Greyfox · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Does nothing if all hardware is compromised prior to shipping. Would they be allowed to tell you if it were? Would they even be aware if it was? Has the government ever looked at their code or received a report from them about potential security vulnerabilities as part of a disclosure required for a government contract or security certification? I'm guessing if they did, that report was sent directly to the NSA.

    --

    I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

  27. Re:how about an NSA honeypot? by bhlowe · · Score: 2

    Just address the shipping label to "Iran Institute of Centrifugal Studies" C/O Mailboxes Etc.

  28. Cisco are in it up to their necks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    If you trusted Cisco, you'd drive to a random store at a random time and buy a unit off the shelf.

    However CISCO sell tech to the US government, and in turn are required to hand their code over to NSA we presume, and certainly have been deeply involved in NSA's cyber security stuff, so I think you have to consider their routers compromised.

    http://www.nist.gov/itl/csd/nccoe-041513.cfm

    "ROCKVILLE, Md. — In recognition of the critical need to protect private-sector intellectual property and other valuable business data from a growing number of cyber threats 11 major companies have formally established partnerships with the National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE). U.S. Senator Barbara Mikulski, U.S. Cyber Command Commander/National Security Agency (NSA) Director General KEITH B ALEXANDER, Maryland Governor Martin O’Malley, Montgomery County Chief Executive Isiah Leggett and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and NIST Director Patrick Gallagher joined the new partners for a signing ceremony today at the NCCOE’s facilities in Rockville, Md."

    "At the ceremony, representatives from the new partner companies – CISCO SYSTEMS Inc., Hewlett-Packard, HyTrust Inc., Intel Corp., McAfee Inc., Microsoft Federal Civilian Services, RSA, Splunk Inc., Symantec Corp., Vanguard Integrity Professionals and Venafi Inc. – pledged to contribute hardware and software components and share best practices and personnel with the center."

  29. Re:Boxen? WTF? by Molt · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I view it more as required reading for anyone who plans to spend time at MIT in the 1960s.

    --
    404 Not Found: No such file or resource as '.sig'
  30. Re: Boxen? WTF? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    No, the plural of vixen is "threesome".

  31. Trust by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Good job NSA! Way to destroy not just any integrity we had left as a country, but also undermine trust in the products we sell as well.

  32. Re:boxen and Borg? by dpidcoe · · Score: 2

    Or just ship everything in boxes with tamper evident seals, then instruct the end user on inspection of said seals while informing them that anything with a broken seal will be replaced?

  33. nothing sucks like a by mbkennel · · Score: 2


    There was a 1950's-1960's british vacuum cleaner brand, named you know whawt, advertised with the tag line, "nothing sucks like a Vax".

  34. Don't ship, send an employee-courier by davidwr · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If it's THAT sensitive, either have the customer pick it up from a Cisco-controlled location or have a Cisco employee hand-deliver it to the customer.

    Use tamper-evident seals and use something like a "warrant canary"-like system so the delivery person can effectively tell the customer that to the best of his and Cisco's knowledge the shipment was not tampered with en route: The absence of a followup message from Cisco guaranteeing that the shipment and delivery were not intercepted would be treated as a message that it might have been intercepted.

    Speaking of "canaries" I wouldn't be surprised to see specialty shipping companies or specialty-arms of big-name shipping companies use "canaries" to guarantee that their shipments were delivered to an authorized person and not tampered with en route.

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
  35. Re:Boxen? WTF? by jc42 · · Score: 2

    In what fucking language. Pretty sure boxes is the pl. of box. But you know with everyone out there making up new spellings left and right how am I supposed to keep up. (I mean really "rediculous"???? why that one pisses me off so much I'll never know)

    Hand in your card and get the fuck out.

    Yeah; methinks we're seeing the symptoms of a serious humo[u]r deficiency here. These things have a long history in the English-speaking world. Many of us are quite aware of the ridiculocities that can easily be found in the English language, and a lot of humo[u]rists have gotten audiences laughing by mocking some of the stupider things in our language. This especially applies to the irregular plurals, which of course are derived from plural forms that were once regular (and still are in German), but which became relics a millennium or so back when our ancestors settled on just the -[e]s as the plural marker, but stubbornly insisted on keeping a few hundred of the old plurals around to confuse children and foreigners.

    Maybe we should collect a list of links to some of the humorous things that have been written on the topic, and refer people to the list when they post complaints like we've been seeing here. Anyone wanna take on the task?

    --
    Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
  36. Re:boxen and Borg? by jeffmeden · · Score: 2

    What?

    "Editors"

    While admiring Cisco's efforts here, this seems hard. At least these criteria would need to be satisfied:

    1) the order would have to come in over an actual secure channel and be handled on known-secure systems.
    2) the payment could not be processed until the delivery was made. Once the payment is made, the delivery location is compromised for future orders.
    3) the shipment would have to be to a location that does not appear on the MLS. The receiver would have to follow tracking and send a courier out to meet the delivery driver (a easy expense for the right customers).

    Driving to a distributor for pickup also seems like a good idea, so long as #2 is adhered to, since it amplifies the required effort of an attack to intercept several palettes of gear.

    What other attacks are there on such a secure-delivery system using a common carrier?

    The most obvious one: they will just intercept everything leaving Cisco and not heading to a reputable US company (scratch that, they probably target reputable us companies too). If they can intercept and MitM one box they can surely do it to a thousand. Why should they care if they don't even know where it's going, they can needlessly bug 1000 routers for every 1 that gets inside the right place and still have enough money in the budget to buy donuts on friday.

    Where did you get criteria 2 and 3 from? It's pretty clear from the description that Cisco thinks the NSA will be thrown off the trail based on the premise that they are using a (From==Cisco && To==Iran) style filter to do these intercepts, and won't think to do ((From==Cisco && To==Pier 4, NYC) || (From==Pier 4, NYC && To==Iran)). The thinking is similar to bitcoin laundering services Underestimating the NSA in this regard is pretty sad, given that the leaks are only a fraction of their secretive doings.

  37. Re:Or we just stop buying Cisco. by Strider- · · Score: 2

    Really... when was the last time any of us thought Cisco was the best choice for a project?

    Actually it can be a great deal... I'm in the process of building up a campus network for a non-profit, that will eventually have some 25 switches (Core and access), and 3 or 4 routers. All of it Cisco. Why? Because Cisco's support policies are such that there is tons of perfectly serviceable EoL/EoS equipment available on the secondary market that suits our needs, and available for very little $$$.

    --
    ...si hoc legere nimium eruditionis habes...
  38. Re:What I would do by Bob+the+Super+Hamste · · Score: 2

    You give the TSA mouth breathers too much credit. This is a far more likely scenario:
    TSA goon: Waht is this? It looks expensive. (puts device in their pocket)

    or:
    TSA goon: What is this? Whoops! (drops device on the floor on accident)

    --
    Time to offend someone
  39. Re:boxen and Borg? by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Then the answer is not to send the hardware to empty buildings, but to install a GPS tracking device in the shipping container, and see where it goes off-course. Bonus points if you can track it all the way to the NSA modification warehouse, but at least if you know where it got diverted, you can figure out *how* it gets diverted. I suspect the truck drivers are in on it, but without tracking data, that is just a theory.

  40. Re:Boxen? WTF? by jc42 · · Score: 2

    We might as well start with Lewis Carrol

    Or with this well-known one about the absurdities of English spelling:

    A plan for the improvement of spelling in the English language
    By Mark Twain

    For example, in Year 1 that useless letter "c" would be dropped to be replased either by "k" or "s", and likewise "x" would no longer be part of the alphabet. The only kase in which "c" would be retained would be the "ch" formation, which will be dealt with later. Year 2 might reform "w" spelling, so that "which" and "one" would take the same konsonant, wile Year 3 might well abolish "y" replasing it with "i" and iear 4 might fiks the "g/j" anomali wonse and for all.

    Generally, then, the improvement would kontinue iear bai iear with iear 5 doing awai with useless double konsonants, and iears 6-12 or so modifaiing vowlz and the rimeiniing voist and unvoist konsonants. Bai iear 15 or sou, it wud fainali bi posibl tu meik ius ov thi ridandant letez "c", "y" and "x"— bai now jast a memori in the maindz ov ould doderez —tu riplais "ch", "sh", and "th" rispektivili.

    Fainali, xen, aafte sam 20 iers ov orxogrefkl riform, wi wud hev a lojikl, kohirnt speling in ius xrewawt xe Ingliy-spiking werld.

    --
    Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.