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Longer Video Shows How Incredibly Close Falcon Stage Came To Successful Landing

Bruce Perens writes In the video here, the Falcon 9 first stage is shown landing with a tilt, and then a thruster keeps the rocket vertical on the barge for a few seconds before it quits, followed by Kabooom with obvious significant damage to the barge. It looks like this attempt was incredibly close to success. Given fixes, a successful first-stage recovery seems likely.

40 of 342 comments (clear)

  1. Larger landing area by Dan+East · · Score: 4, Interesting

    It sure seems that if a larger landing area was available, so that the rocket didn't have to lean so far to adjust to a very small target and thus could prioritize staying vertical, it would be able to land successfully. What's it going to take for NASA or the FAA or whatever to give them permission to land on, um, land.

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    1. Re:Larger landing area by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The ship is 300 feet long. It's a big rocket :-)

      The pad area they have at KSC is made for F9 Heavy, and multiple stages are supposed to land there, the neighbors are sensitive about having other rockets come down in their yard, and there's a big building you really don't want to hit :-) . So, they probably do need the precision. There was an odd tweet from Musk, later deleted, that said there was actually a process control problem and a phase delay.

    2. Re:Larger landing area by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Informative

      The tweet from Musk this morning used the word "sticktion", meaning static friction. And said it was the cause of a phase delay. And then the tweet got deleted.

    3. Re:Larger landing area by narf0708 · · Score: 5, Funny

      The pad area they have at KSC...

      The Kerbal Space Center?

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    4. Re:Larger landing area by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The Kerbal Space Center?

      Not until the next time we cut the NASA budget to pay for a subsidy of some incredibly rich industry. Like oil. We need more oil drilling subsidies, don't we? Or intellectual property. That's just another word for innovation, isn't it?

    5. Re:Larger landing area by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That would be hot for an aircraft, but it was the planned vertical speed profile for the rocket. The grid fins need speed to work and they are the main control surfaces. The cold gas thrusters don't have infinite gas behind them and the engine burns are very short.

    6. Re: Larger landing area by D.McG. · · Score: 5, Interesting

      The full tweet was as follows:
      @elonmusk: @ID_AA_Carmack Looks like the issue was stiction in the biprop throttle valve, resulting in control system phase lag. Should be easy to fix.

    7. Re:Larger landing area by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I was surprised by something in the re-entry profile. They use what they call "lift" from tilting the rocket body against the air stream to control horizontal motion. I call it "falling with style". So they can go back uprange some distance without an additional fuel expenditure.

      All of their communication so far has been that they can get back to the pad with the F9 or the two outer stages of the F9 Heavy. The center stage of F9 Heavy would probably need the barge.

    8. Re:Larger landing area by voidptr · · Score: 5, Informative

      The F9 is intended to land with what they call a "Hover Slam" maneuver - the engines decelerate it to zero right above the surface in as little time as possible. The Merlin engines have a limited throttle range, and with the stage empty, just one engine firing at the lowest throttle setting has a thrust-to-weight ratio somewhere around 1.8, so it can't hover. It would decelerate to zero and then start to lift off again if the engine isn't shut off, you'd need a TWR of 1.0 to just counter gravity and make it hover.

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    9. Re:Larger landing area by pushing-robot · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Rockets are capable of incredible acceleration, especially when they're low on fuel and deprived of their payload. Under those conditions, the F9 first stage could easily go from 50MPH (~22m/s) to 0 in the space of a few meters.

      Also, you *want* to land fast, because for every second you spend in the air you lose another 10m/s of your limited delta-v (fuel), and the faster you're traveling the more aerodynamic control you have.

      Yes, I know all this from playing KSP.

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    10. Re: Larger landing area by He+Who+Has+No+Name · · Score: 4, Informative

      Armadillo Aerospace had their own prototype hovering-gimballing single engine rocket, and Carmack was heavily involved in development of the logic and systems that made that possible.

    11. Re:Larger landing area by He+Who+Has+No+Name · · Score: 3, Interesting

      That's exactly what it is, since they don't have the throttle authority to burn lower, longer.

      With that approach profile, they're aiming to have dV hit zero the same exact instant that the rocket settles into a 1g static load on its landing gear - same as if it was just sitting on the ground.

      There's a good reason it's called a suicide burn.

    12. Re:Larger landing area by Sardaukar86 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Thanks Bruce, it's often in these little nuances that I catch myself staring into space, contemplating the sheer enormity of what has been achieved here. The skills of these people - to do what they're doing with the budget at their disposal - almost completely wrecks my personal 'scale of difficulty'. I thought I understood what they meant by 'It really IS rocket science,' but I'm really not even close.

      We really must be living in the future: small, agile, private enterprises taking the reigns of progress from state-level actors. NASA are by no means obsolete, if anything they've adapted rather well for a bureaucracy of their size and are continuing to do amazing science.

      Budgets might be tighter than we'd like but I can't help feeling like we're entering a golden era of space exploration and related technologies.

      Ooooh.. uh, does this make me a Space Nutter?

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    13. Re:Larger landing area by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 3, Informative

      Rockets are capable of incredible acceleration, especially when they're low on fuel and deprived of their payload. Under those conditions, the F9 first stage could easily go from 50MPH (~22m/s) to 0 in the space of a few meters.

      Specifically, from a starting height of 50 feet, and a starting velocity of 50 mph downward, it would require a net acceleration of ~16.5 m/s^2 to come to a stop at ground level.

      Since a single (much less nine) Merlin engine can manage 654 kN thrust at sealevel, and a (nearly) empty Falcon 9 first stage masses under 20000 kg, a Falcon first stage is capable of >32.7 m/s^2 acceleration (assuming only one engine burning, of course). Which is more than plenty to allow it to come to a stop on the ground from the estimated speed/height of the OP....

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    14. Re: Larger landing area by michelcolman · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Certainly looked that way to me. On the last oscillation before touchdown, with the tail end moving towards the left, the thrusters keep pointing the same way as the rocket goes through vertical and only change direction a little bit afterwards. This increased the amplitude of the oscillation rather than decreasing it. The thrusters should have changed direction before passing through vertical, not afterwards. I can't imagine them getting this wrong in software, it's basic dynamic stability 101, so a sticky valve seems likely.

      The rocket ended up landing almost perfectly vertical, but still rotating so the base was traveling sideways over the landing pad. No way they could stay upright like that.

    15. Re:Larger landing area by anegg · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Not necessarily. Too much money can be just as much of a problem as too little. Budget constraints can promote clearer thinking and more clever innovations.

  2. Re:Landing vs splashdown by DaHat · · Score: 4, Insightful

    And the damage caused by landing on water with parachutes has got to be less than the explosions from the landings on the barges.

    Probably not when they figure out how to land on the barge without exploding... at that point the damage from hitting the water and amount of cleaning & service required to be read for launch will be much more.

  3. Try HD mode by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 5, Informative

    You can see a lot more if you go to 1080 HD and full screen. There's some large piece of equipment, perhaps the motor head for one of the barge's corner thrusters, being thrust off of the barge in flames.

    It looks like they'll need to do a lot of work on the barge. The support ship Go Quest and the tug Elsbeth III seem to be back in Jacksonville according to vessel tracking sites. There is a Carnival cruise ship that parks next to the barge's dock every 4 days, so we will probably see photos from its bow netcam if we don't see them otherwise.

    Oh, check out this newscast. At 2:43, CBS News uses a sequence a SpaceX fan produced with Kerbal Space Program to illustrate how the landing is supposed to work.

    1. Re:Try HD mode by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Oh, they're Canadian. That explains everything!

      (Ducks and runs for cover)

      :-)

  4. Re:Landing vs splashdown by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 3, Interesting

    They have talked about refueling on the barge and flying the booster to land! That's really difficult to do after a salt-water dip :-)

  5. Re:The Hard Way by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Funny

    Split seam the fuel tank, then swing out and rotate the elements and create a massive autogyro.

    They have a job for you in the ULA marketing department.

  6. Re:The Hard Way by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Split seam the fuel tank, then swing out and rotate the elements and create a massive autogyro

    Why am I not convinced your way sounds like the "easy way"?

    I can't event think of the mechanical stresses involved in opening this thing up to spin it around.

    In fact, it sounds outright crazy.

    And that's before we start considering a fuel tank designed to open up. Because, what could possibly go wrong there?

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  7. I Disagree with the Summary by cruff · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Looking at the video, it appears the booster does not come close to ever having anywhere near a true vertical orientation, and this attempt was not, in fact, "incredibly close to success". Granted, it came closer than ever in history to achieving the goal, but the thruster appeared to not have enough thrust to push the rocket to a vertical position once the booster touched down on the barge. I hope Space-X has a successful next test! The world needs a dose of rockets landing on large flames in the style of those old campy movies.

    1. Re:I Disagree with the Summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      They hit a barge in the middle of the ocean with a gigantic rocket that was nearing orbital velocity. I think we need to cut them some slack :)

    2. Re:I Disagree with the Summary by Michael+Woodhams · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Someone in the Youtube comments says "The flight profile veers the booster off to the side on purpose so the exhaust from the final burn isn't directed at the barge where it could do damage"

      If this was a planned manoeuvre, I'm much happier. Can anyone confirm this statement?

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  8. "Close" Only Counts by l0ungeb0y · · Score: 4, Insightful

    With Horseshoes and Hand Grenades. We've seen what "close" gets us with rocketry, and it's not pretty.

    1. Re:"Close" Only Counts by garyisabusyguy · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Armstrong was an exceptional pilot, I read on old NASA report about him regaining control of a space capsule that started spinning before it could kill them. Something to do with a malfunctioning thruster rocket.

      Here it is:
      "And, make a decision he did. In a rule-breaking move, Armstrong manually disabled the OAMS thrusters and activated the re-entry control system (RCS) thrusters to stabilize the spacecraft. With hand controllers aboard the spacecraft now functioning properly, correct motion of the capsule was restored."
      http://www.spaceline.org/fligh...

      Yeah, they were 'hands on'

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  9. Alternative Idea for Landing by PeteJanda · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Kindergarten Question for SpaceX: why not simply put the equivalent of a safety net on the barge, cut the rocket's engines at an altitude of ~10m and let the rocket fall safely into the net? Less fuel, less complexity and less cost.

    1. Re:Alternative Idea for Landing by Overzeetop · · Score: 5, Informative

      The forces required are enormous, and even 10m away the rocket thrust would toast most materials. It still has to be caught in a specific orientation to minimize stresses, which means stabilization. As for stopping further, a 10m fall would probably far outstrip the capacity of the structure. (For comparison, more heavily built high power / amateur rockets are designed for touch down forces equivalent to a drop of about 2 meters). The fuel difference is near zero since the full motion of the rocket must be arrested prior to that final "fall".

      It also means that the rockets could never land on an arbitrary location, which would be a future goal. Solving it now is a Good Thing (TM).

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    2. Re:Alternative Idea for Landing by ColdWetDog · · Score: 3, Insightful

      A booster is really a pretty fragile thing. It's designed to be really strong in one axis only. It also has to be lightweight. Grabassing the thing from the sides is going to make for a bunch of expensive scrap metal.

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  10. Re:Landing vs splashdown by AaronW · · Score: 4, Interesting

    A couple of months ago I was having a discussion with a fellow from Space X who designs the hydraulic systems and we spoke about a number of issues. This was right after the failed landing due to it running out of hydraulic fluid. I asked about how reusable the engines are and he said that they run test burns lasting hours. The launch is only a few minutes. According to what he said, it should just be a simple matter of refueling and adding more hydraulic fluid and probably some other simple things without having to do a major overhaul. The engines are very reliable.

    I asked about why they don't reuse the hydraulic fluid and he said that it was cheaper and lighter to not reuse it. He also said that they knew it could run out and that the next version would have more.

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  11. Re:Landing vs splashdown by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Funny

    We could start with our already phallic looking rocket and then have it come down into something that looks like the world's largest inflatable sex toy. Elon Musk might have trouble living that one down. :-)

    Yes, there have been many proposals to somehow catch the rocket.

  12. Re:Landing vs splashdown by halltk1983 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Hard to splash down on the moon, Mars, asteroids and just about everywhere else we want to go. We'll have to get it right eventually, might as be now. Bonus benefit: cheaper than overhauling the engines every time. You'd think with them doing this at a third the cost of anyone else, WITH A PROFIT, that people would understand that they know what they're doing. Yes, there will be early failures, but this doesn't add that much cost, especially considering long term payoff.

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  13. New product by SuperKendall · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Musk's claim is that the barge didn't sustain any serious damage.

    Screw self-landing boosters. What I want is a house made out of whatever the barge is made of, easily shrugging off what are essentially two direct rocket hits complete with massive explosion.

    --
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  14. Re:Any ideas for improvements? by Immerman · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I suppose magnetic/sticky harpoons might help (you don't want to damage it after all), sort of like guy-lines on an airship. I don't know about a shock-absorbing landing pad (your catcher's mitt) though - in the moments before landing the backwash would be subjecting it to forces exceeding those of the weight of the rocket itself - probably at least as difficult to tune any "give" to occur at the proper moment as i is to land the sucker in the first place.

    Plus, as others have mentioned, Musk seems to have his eye on Mars. Landing a colony ship can probably only be done by rocket, and there won't be any special landing pads on Mars. Plus, for more terrestrial concerns, if he can master landing on a simple barge, he can land pretty much anywhere, which dramatically improves the value of his rocket design onte international market: any bit of flat, stable land is a potential cheap spaceport that his rockets can service.

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  15. Re:Landing vs splashdown by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 3, Informative

    fuel needed for the landing is inefficient compared to a splashdown parachute recovery

    The barge/ocean is just a temporary measure. The vision is twenty rockets launching a day and returning to the launch site to prep for the next launch.

    There were about 120 rocket launches last year. SpaceX's mission statement is to reduce the cost of launches by 100x, and utilization rates go up as costs fall, so it's not just 100x more launches - twenty a day is probably very conservative if they hit their price targets.

    Queue the folks who can't imagine what anybody would do with more than 640 launches a year.

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  16. Re:Landing vs splashdown by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Remember: seawater ruins everything.

  17. Re: Landing vs splashdown by jordanjay29 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You think landing on a body 1/6 of Earth's gravity, without an atmosphere or weather, and under the control of a human is really comparable to landing on Earth, with full gravity, atmospheric weather systems, and all controlled by a computer?

  18. Re:No I don't agree by SuricouRaven · · Score: 4, Funny

    We have Kerbal players now.

  19. Re:Landing vs splashdown by Simon+Brooke · · Score: 4, Informative

    Close to where I live are large intertidal mudflats. Every other summer some tourist drives a brand new four by four out there and gets stuck. And then, of course, the tide comes in. When the vehicles are recovered two or three tides later, they are insurance write-offs - the electrics, interior, and engine are all beyond repair.

    You do not want to immerse something complex and expensive in salt water unless you really, really have to.

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