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Ask Slashdot: After We're Gone, the Last Electrical Device Still Working?

Leomania writes: After watching a post-apocalyptic Sci-Fi short on YouTube (there are quite a few) and then having our robot vacuum take off and start working the room, I just wondered what would be the last electric/electronic device still functioning if humans were suddenly gone. I don't mean sitting there with no power but would work if the power came back on; rather, something continuously powered, doing the task it was designed for. Are we talking a few years, decades, or far longer?

51 of 403 comments (clear)

  1. A.I.? by turkeydance · · Score: 2

    one perspective.

    1. Re:A.I.? by penguinoid · · Score: 2

      Exactly what I was going to say... the AI that exterminates mankind will keep working indefinitely.

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    2. Re:A.I.? by jythie · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Spoken like someone who knows nothing about AI outside sci-fi.

      There has been a ton of progress towards 'true' AI over the last 40 years, it just has not managed to produce one. Progress != Success, esp on such difficult problems.

    3. Re:A.I.? by Immerman · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I don't know - a lot of current weak AI may end up being sub-systems for a strong AI - so in that sense we may well be getting closer. The problem is we have no real idea what strong AI might actually entail, implementation wise, and so have essentially no idea what if any progress we're making in that direction. At the very least we've found a great many strategies that don't work, which is in fact it's own kind of progress.

      Honestly though I'm happy with the current state of affairs - weak AI may be able to get us into a lot of trouble (market crashes due to HFT algorithms anyone?) but it's nothing compared to what a strong AI would be capable of.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    4. Re:A.I.? by jythie · · Score: 2

      Depends on your perspective I guess. One of the other major things going on since then has come from the other direction, with a great deal being learned about existing non-human intelligence and how much more complicated and, well, real, than people had believed. So the simple metric of 'does it act like a human' has become a lot fuzzier when actually looked at.

    5. Re: A.I.? by saloomy · · Score: 2

      A.I. Is like the uncanny valley in design and facial recognition, applied to decision and understanding. I feel bad for researchers who work in the field and suggest they rename it to something else. People will seemingly forever move the goal posts on intelligence forever. Chess-playing computers, computers that can have a conversation, play jeopardy or answer questions like google search or wolfram alpha, analyze videos like the predator system, recognize songs like shazam, spell check better than most, and soon, drive us around are all intelligent. But we hate to believe that machines are as or more intelligent than we are, so we move the goal posts. The reason is... Intelligence is like magic. Once it's understood, it's no longer special, or magical, the concepts become easy, well understood, and the method puts the skill in "well that's obvious and isn't AI". Take whatever you want to call AI functionality, wait a decade and read it back to yourself in 10 years. We will have passed it, but the definition you will use then will change. To answer the poster's question... Satellites in high stable orbits come to mind, the rover opportunity, maybe some soon-to-be drone like the one flying in interstellar? For certain anything solar powered has a good chance, especially if it's in infra-stellar space. I bet the moon-buggy still works. I think they recently sold the rights to it. It's not turned on, but it doesn't have to be to be called "working", if your definition is "in a functional state".

  2. satellites by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Probably satellites would last the longest, with maybe Pioneer or Voyager probes for however the RT batteries last.

    1. Re:satellites by AmiMoJo · · Score: 5, Funny

      A Nokia 3310 will outlast them all.

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    2. Re:Satellites by MarkWegman · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The orbit decays and ceases to be geosynced. But it's got a long way to go before it hits the atmosphere and burns up. Remember how much energy was needed to get it up there from low earth orbit. The satellite has to give up all of that because of the tidal effects of the moon before it's close enough to be slowed by the atmosphere. There may also be a very minor effect from the sun's radiation. I think it's safe to assume that the solar cells will deteriorate before the decay of the orbit causes a problem.

    3. Re:Satellites by ldobehardcore · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The 10,000 year clock? If they ever build it.... Although, there's certainly a chance that a satellite sufficiently high enough in altitude with durable solar panels etc. would stay in orbit much longer than 10,000 years, if not functional due to it's batteries going dead. Perhaps there's already a satellite up there that will turn back on if it's panels are exposed to sunlight even if it's batteries are dead. I wouldn't know.

      --
      Hectice, baby, Mercator says hello to you
    4. Re:Satellites by ldobehardcore · · Score: 3

      I guess I wasn't paying enough attention... I didn't mean to be critical, just trying to contribute. I'm starting to regret I even said anything.

      --
      Hectice, baby, Mercator says hello to you
    5. Re:satellites by Dereck1701 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Running out of mono-propellent probably wouldn't be an issue because satellites simply don't attempt those kind of maneuvers without human input (at least I'm pretty sure), while that would definitely be a problem for LEO and Geostationary craft between those two orbits or are further out don't need regular boosts to stay going. And while reaction wheels do go bad pretty quickly (a decade or so) they aren't necessarily needed for a spacecraft to remain "operational". Sure without them they usually can't continue their primary mission but even if the craft has directional solar arrays slow rotation will give likely give them enough power for the satellite to remain in standby mode for decades, possibly a century.

    6. Re:satellites by hackertourist · · Score: 3, Informative

      The Voyager RTGs are decaying, NASA expects output power to drop below the point where it can keep a single instrument going around 2025.
      The Pioneers are already long past the point where they can't send a strong enough signal to be detected.
      The latest nuclear power plants for the US Navy have been designed to run without refueling for the life of the ship. That's 50 years for aircraft carriers, so the USS Gerald R Ford (CVN 78) is capable of functioning until 2065. Now I don't know how stable a nuclear power plant is when left on its own, but potentially this'll live much longer than the Voyagers.

    7. Re:Satellites by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      I'm starting to regret I even said anything.

      Welcome to the Internet.

    8. Re:satellites by Lumpy · · Score: 2

      God I miss the days of good cellphones. My Nokia N82 was epic in battery life. Back when Nokia made the absolute best cellphones in the solar system.

      --
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    9. Re:satellites by Antique+Geekmeister · · Score: 4, Informative

      The Volkswagen Beetle from the Woody Allen movie, "Sleeper"

              http://www.tin.org/bin/man.cgi...

      More realistically, some chemical batteries, such as good lead-acid batteries in cool, dry climates will retain a slight charge for years. But they all have a notable self-discharge rate of at least a few percent a month. The notable exception among battery technologies seems to be this:

              http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O...

      That device has been running off its battery, at an extremely low rate, since 1840. The bell is much softer now, but it shows no signs of failing.

    10. Re:Satellites by AikonMGB · · Score: 2

      Solar cells will degrade to the point they can't supply keep-alive power to the spacecraft; batteries will degrade to the point they can't sustain the spacecraft through eclipse season; electronics will accumulate more and more total ionizing dose, single event upsets and latchups will become more and more frequent, and things will basically stop working. I don't think anything we've launched will come within an order of magnitude of a millennium.

    11. Re:Satellites by AikonMGB · · Score: 2

      L1, L2, and L3 are weakly stable; think being at the top of a parabola. It doesn't take much effort to keep yourself there, but you do have to reject orbit perturbations. L4 and L5 on the other hand are actually stable, which is why trojans collect there. Note that there aren't any natural equivalents to trojans at L1, L2, and L3.

    12. Re:satellites by Idarubicin · · Score: 2

      One should be very wary of the distinction between "run without refueling" and "run without regular maintenance". Even assuming that the reactor's fuel would last, the ancillary equipment associated with the reactor's operation (coolant pumps and such) and electricity generation (steam turbines) certainly wouldn't be expected to operate unattended and unmaintained for months, let alone years.

      That said, the fifty-year planned lifespan of the Nimitz-class includes, if I'm not mistaken, a mid-life refuelling and complex overhaul (RCOH). To be fair, the reactor's fuel would likely last longer than the planned 20-25 years if the carrier weren't actively steaming--but I wouldn't trust the other parts to last anywhere near so long.

      --
      ~Idarubicin
    13. Re:Satellites by Headw1nd · · Score: 2

      You have a grandiose definition of "a while" if hundreds of years doesn't make the cut.

    14. Re:satellites by Strider- · · Score: 5, Informative

      Either my understanding of orbital mechanics is completely wrong or that is completely incorrect. Geostationary satellites need very regular station keeping otherwise they either fall to Earth or are ejected out into solar orbit. If ejected it could remain operational for a while but if it fell back to earth the results would be obvious.

      Your understanding of orbital mechanics is totally wrong. Geostationary satellites do need frequent stationkeeping maneuvers, but that is because the satellite is required to remain in a 30km box. If these maneuvers cease, as would happen with the sudden disappearance of humans, they will start to drift off their stations, eventually collecting in a couple of regions, one over the Indian ocean and the other over the Pacific. (This is due to the earth's slightly uneven gravity). Because of the vastness of space, the probability of them actually running into each other is fairly low.

      A geostationary satellite would need almost the same amount of energy to come down as it takes to put it up there, and probably twice as much to escape the earth's gravity well. At the end of life of these satellites, they use the remaining fuel to boost them another 200km or so in altitude, then vent all remaining fuel (so they won't explode if there's a fuel leak), and then blow the electronics to make sure they don't interfere with anything else. They will remain in that graveyard orbit forever.

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      ...si hoc legere nimium eruditionis habes...
    15. Re:Satellites by chihowa · · Score: 2

      The contacts will probably be the first to fail, followed by the storage capacitors. The panels are generally overspecced, and fail by degradation, so they'll likely outlive the LEDs. It's kind of depressing that such a simple and solid state device would fail so quickly.

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    16. Re:satellites by dj245 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      One should be very wary of the distinction between "run without refueling" and "run without regular maintenance". Even assuming that the reactor's fuel would last, the ancillary equipment associated with the reactor's operation (coolant pumps and such) and electricity generation (steam turbines) certainly wouldn't be expected to operate unattended and unmaintained for months, let alone years.

      That said, the fifty-year planned lifespan of the Nimitz-class includes, if I'm not mistaken, a mid-life refuelling and complex overhaul (RCOH). To be fair, the reactor's fuel would likely last longer than the planned 20-25 years if the carrier weren't actively steaming--but I wouldn't trust the other parts to last anywhere near so long.

      As a steam turbine engineer, I am fairly confident that, given a well maintained system to start with, the first failure would probably be in a stuck steam control valve. Over time, oxides build up on the valve stem, which would cause it to become stuck at some point. This would probably take 3-6 years. When that happened, the instrumentation control loop (need more steam, open valve, need less steam, close valve) would have a hiccup since it would ask for more or less demand and the valve wouldn't move. Valves stuck-open have historically caused many turbine overspeeds and resulting disasters.

      Depending on exactly how the system was set up, the stuck steam valve should trigger the control system to automatically close a different valve, shutting down the plant. However, it is possible that it would result in a large kaboom as the turbine entered overspeed and the turbine blades liberated.

      As for the last electrical device operating, my money would be on a solar powered yard light. The quality of those devices is generally terrible but the law of averages suggests some of them have to be on the long tail of a MTBF curve.

      --
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    17. Re:satellites by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 2

      ... as the turbine entered overspeed and the turbine blades liberated.

      See. It's not just software. Turbine blades want to be free too.

      --
      It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
  3. XKCD answered this by slart42 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    A very similar question was in an XKCD "What If?", but only in the printed book version (which has a bunch of extra chapters compared to the blog): "What would be the last artificial light source to glow when all humans were gone".

    IIRC, the conclusion was that it would be status LEDs on space probes or radiation glow from buried nuclear waste.

    1. Re:XKCD answered this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Gnu Hurd build server??

    2. Re:XKCD answered this by CheeseyDJ · · Score: 3, Insightful

      IIRC, the conclusion was that it would be status LEDs on space probes or radiation glow from buried nuclear waste.

      Why would space probes have status LEDs? Think about it.

    3. Re:XKCD answered this by someone1234 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Unit testing before launch?

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  4. A nuclear power plant (and its control room)? by antiperimetaparalogo · · Score: 2

    A nuclear power plant (and its control room)?

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    1. Re:A nuclear power plant (and its control room)? by Spazmania · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Nope. It would scram when the rest of the electric grid collapsed a few days in. The plant has to constantly output power. When the grid fails, the plant automatically goes into safe mode to avoid tearing apart the turbines. Diesel generators then start up to run the plant until grid power returns but they'd only last as long as the fuel.

      Nothing associated with the public electric grid would last long without humans present.

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  5. Satellites by Gre7g · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Solar-powered, geosynched satellites will keep going for a while.

  6. WALL-E by ei4anb · · Score: 4, Funny

    you should watch WALL-E next, while pondering that question

  7. Solar powered parking meters by captainpanic · · Score: 3, Funny

    1. Solar powered parking meters, obviously. Humans may be all gone, but you still gotta pay for your spot downtown.
    But seriously though, these are designed to be robust, and to keep working even if the solar panel gets dirty. I don't see any reason why it would fail at any time.

    2. The other one I can think of are (again, solar powered) satellites in higher orbits. But I am not sure how much damage the solar radiation does to those on the long run.

    3. Wouldn't it be sad if the last electric device to work is one of those crappy solar powered moving plants (made of plastic)?
    One of these: https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

  8. "There will come soft rains" by Cutterman · · Score: 4, Informative

    Ray Bradbury asked the same question in 1950.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T...

    The Cutter

  9. Voyager 1 and 2 by scsirob · · Score: 2

    These puppies are way out there, running on neclear power. No-one to bug them, nothing to break them.

    --
    To Terminate, or not to Terminate, that's the question - SCSIROB
    1. Re:Voyager 1 and 2 by geekmux · · Score: 2

      These puppies are way out there, running on neclear power. No-one to bug them, nothing to break them.

      Nothing?

      Because there are not millions of objects hurtling through our universe at any given moment, as we sit here and theorize what large object might have wiped out all life on this planet before?

      The universe is nothing but one big pinball machine. Luck runs out eventually.

    2. Re:Voyager 1 and 2 by Coisiche · · Score: 2

      NASA gives the thermoelectric generators on the Voyagers 10 more years".

    3. Re:Voyager 1 and 2 by necro81 · · Score: 2

      Given that New Horizons is several decades (Pu-238 half-lives) younger, I would place my bets on it.

  10. High powered electric heaters by tempmpi · · Score: 2

    They are just a piece of wire, often embedded in some kind of ceramic. Without power and stored at a place well protected from the enviroment it would likely last for 100,000 years or more.

    --
    Jan
  11. Probably the Oxford Electric Bell by Chrisq · · Score: 5, Informative

    The Oxford Electric Bell has been running since 1840 and will probably carry on for a long time yet

  12. a data collection device in antarctica by lkcl · · Score: 5, Interesting

    andrew trigdell told me an amazing story back in 1999 about how he helped install Linux 0.99 on a solar-powered data collection computer in antarctica. Linux 0.99 was known to be highly stable, hence why it was chosen. it has a 56k modem which is enough to get the data back, and to check (very slowly) that it's still operational. so i think anything that's designed for long-term with those kinds of harsh remote and inaccessible conditions in mind, powered off of sustainable independent power, would be a good candidate for a device that would still be functioning even decades later.

  13. We already know by Coisiche · · Score: 3, Funny

    It's actually on an adjacent planet rather than Earth, but Opportunity seems like it will just keep going.

    xkcd joke about it.

  14. Help Stamp Out Care Bears! by TheRealHocusLocus · · Score: 4, Funny

    Topic: Ask Slashdot: After We're Gone, the Last Electrical Device Still Working?
    Reply Subject: Who cares?
    Response: I don't care. I think that it isn't a interisting problem.

    Analysis: Looks like this dim bulb has gone out.
    Tally: Currently at 999 Points of Light
    Who: A Child Left Behind
    What: Passionate declaration of indifference.
    When: 42 years after men last walked on the Moon.
    Where: March For Apathy 2015 [cancelled]
    Why: Dissonant aggressive demotivational pathos.
    What: 's the use.
    How: Did we get here?
    Further Reading on this Topic: Failed Slashdot submission,

    Breakthrough: Manned Space Travel Achieved Using 40-Year Old Technology

    TheRealHocusLocus writes

    "Paul Rosenberg has uncovered some surprising new evidence that manned space travel is not only possible, it has actually been achieved using decades-old technology. Some 40 years in the making, a tale too amazing to remain untold. With a few quaint photographs he asks, could we build this? The answer is no. Or is it? It is uplifting to read that "Productive humans have been delegated to mute observance as their hard-earned surplus is syphoned off to capital cities, where it is sanctimoniously poured down a sewer of cultured dependencies and endless wars..." for it must take something really compelling to prevent us from reaching the stars, and he has nailed it. This essay makes the case that the headliner of 2052 may well be: Breakthrough: Manned Space Travel Achieved Using 80-Year Old Technology. I can hardly wait! Down with robots."

    --
    <blink>down the rabbit hole</blink>
  15. Re: Solar powered wrist watch... by pecosdave · · Score: 2

    My Casio is up to year 8 on the original battery. If my corpse fell where there was plenty of sunshine but not so much dirt as to wash up and bury my wrist I could see it going quite some time more. It's good for 200 meters diving, it should handle exposure for a good long time.

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  16. My Pink Floyd Pulse Album by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    The little LED on my pink Floyd pulse album will still be flashing long after we are all gone.

  17. Re:That would be useless wiring weight by necro81 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Before launch you have connector to which you connect a computer and you can do a self diagnose on the satellite using that connection to the on board system. There is no reason to dedicate leds and leds wiring for that especially that you will need to check for many fail conditions.

    Having spun a number of boards in my career, I can tell you that it is trivial to add an 0402 LED indicator, just as an indication that the 3.3 V logic rail is powered. And because it was easiest (via inertia) to keep it in than to cut it out (even as a do-not-populate instruction to the board house) that little LED stayed in the design, even though in production no one would ever see it.

    Given the complexity of most satellites, I would be deeply surprised if there wasn't at least one LED on one of those boards.

  18. Solar calculators by moeinvt · · Score: 2

    With moderate use, those things last forever.

  19. Re:That would be useless wiring weight by AikonMGB · · Score: 5, Interesting

    We don't design LEDs into our own boards, and we explicitly remove them from COTS boards that we use. Generally speaking the diffusers on LEDs outgas, meaning a) they are depositing materials on your spacecraft surfaces (bad) and b) could result in a shorting risk (also bad). There may be space-grade LEDs that big-space (think Hubble, JWST, Voyagers, etc.) use but I would be surprised. There's simply no need.

    "Is it plugged in? Is it turned on? Is it on frequency?" solves about 99% of basic device connection issues. An LED will make one very short portion of that slightly shorter, and then only when testing on the bench, since you can't see it as soon as you box it up. As soon as you can talk to a device, you are able to run a long form functional test on it, exercising every part of the design and ensuring everything is working correctly. If it passes, you're good. If it fails, you pull the unit.

    For ground support equipment, yeah sure, throw an LED on every rail and switch output.

  20. Re:That would be useless wiring weight by Immerman · · Score: 2

    "Hot damn, an LED! We can sell this and eat for a month! Too bad we don't have the technology to actually make these anymore...."

    --
    --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  21. RTGs in lighthouses by Phronesis · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The former Soviet Union built hundreds of automated lighthouses in remote locations powered by radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Those use 90Sr, which has a half-life of 30 years so they can go for many decades. They were installed in the 1970s-90s, so most of them are around one half-life out. They could well continue operating for several decades, but some small solar-powered devices might well outlast them if they aren't damaged too badly by weather over the years.

  22. Re:That would be useless wiring weight by meta-monkey · · Score: 2

    That's kind of an interesting point. Let's say 500 years from now humans have warp drive and can zip between stars. Should the Voyagers be collected* and placed in a museum? Should it be left alone as a historical "site?" One could visit it. Get the sense of what ancient man accomplished, sending this tiny thing so far from home. But that would be lost putting it on display at the Smithsonian.

    I argue a "traveling" museum should be built next to Voyager, sharing its journey. School kids could warp in on their Space Bus, view Voyager from the observation deck, yawn through holoexhibits that tell the story of ancient space exploration, and then have lunch at the Carl Sagan Cafeteria.

    * I used as neutral a word as I could, "collected," rather than something that implies a relationship. "Recover" isn't right, because that implies retrieving something that rightfully belongs elsewhere and was lost, and Voyager is not lost. It's exactly where it should be doing exactly what it was designed to do. "Rescued" is right out. That's recovered + emotion. "Interrupt its mission" or "abduct" are emotionally loaded from the opposite perspective.

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