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NOAA: Global Warming 'Pause' Never Happened

Taco Cowboy writes: The whole global warming debate is as confusing as ever. Researchers from the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have published a new study in Science saying there was no "pause" in global warming. Dr. Thomas Karl points out that the warming rate over the past 15 years is "virtually identical" to warming over the last century, and updated observations show temperatures did not plateau.

"The idea of a global warming 'hiatus' arose from questions over why the trend of warming temperatures appeared to be stalling recently compared to the later part of the 20th century. ... The new analysis corrects for ocean observations made using different methods as well as including new data on surface temperatures."

"According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global average temperatures have increased by around 0.05C per decade in the period between 1998 and 2012. This compares with an average of 0.12 per decade between 1951 and 2012. The new analysis suggests a figure of 0.116 per decade for 2000-2014, compared with 0.113 for 1950-1999."

36 of 639 comments (clear)

  1. But dude, there was a snowball by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    A member of Congress throwing a snowball is so much better an argument than any science.

    1. Re:But dude, there was a snowball by buchner.johannes · · Score: 4, Informative

      TFA says they calibrated the buoys data with the ship-based data. The offset is not chosen by hand as you claim, but fitted to make the two types of measurements, which should be measuring the same thing, consistent with each other. That is justifiable to remove systematic errors. Another study by IPCC found the same offset value.

      The paper says:

      Changes of particular importance include: (i) an increasing amount of ocean data from buoys, which are slightly different than data from ships; (ii) an increasing amount of ship data from engine intake thermometers, which are slightly different than data from bucket sea-water temperatures; and (iii) a large increase in land-station data that enables better analysis of key regions that may be warming faster or slower than the global average. We address all three of these, none of which were included in our previous analysis used in the IPCC report

      The details on the calibration are:

      First, several studies have examined the differences between buoy- and ship-based data, noting that the ship data are systematically warmer than the buoy data (15–17). This is particularly important, as much of the sea surface is now sampled by both observing systems, and surface-drifting and moored buoys have increased the overall global coverage by up to 15% (see supplemental material for details). These changes have resulted in a time-dependent bias in the global SST record, and various corrections have been developed to account for the bias (18). Recently, a new correction (13) was developed and applied in the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature dataset version 4, which we use in our analysis. In essence, the bias correction involved calculating the average difference between collocated buoy and ship SSTs. The average difference globally was 0.12C, a correction which is applied to the buoy SSTs at every grid cell in ERSST version 4.

      Second, there was a large change in ship observations (i.e., from buckets to engine intake thermometers) that peaked immediately prior to World War II. The previous version of ERSST assumed that no ship corrections were necessary after this time, but recently improved metadata (18) reveal that some ships continued to take bucket observations even up to the present day. Therefore, one of the improvements to ERSST version 4 is extending the ship-bias correction to the present, based on information derived from comparisons with night marine air temperatures. Of the 11 improvements in ERSST version 4 (13), the continuation of the ship correction had the largest impact on trends for the 2000-2014 time period, accounting for 0.030C of the 0.064C trend difference with version 3b. (The buoy offset correction contributed 0.014C dec1 to the difference, and the additional weight given to the buoys because of their greater accuracy contributed 0.012C dec1. See supplementary materials for details.)

      Third, there have also been advancements in the calculation of land surface air temperatures (LSTs). The most important is the release of the International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) databank (14, 19), which forms the basis of the LST component of our new analysis. The ISTI databank integrates the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN)–Daily dataset (20) with over 40 other historical data sources, more than doubling the number of stations available. The resulting integration improves spatial coverage over many areas, including the Arctic, where temperatures have increased rapidly in recent decades (1). We applied the same methods used in our old analysis for quality control, time-dependent bias corrections, and other data processing steps (21) to the ISTI databank to address artificial shifts in the data caused by changes in station location, temperature instrumentation, observing practice, urbanization, siting conditions, etc. These corrections are essentially the same as those used in the GHCN–Monthly version 3 dataset (22, 23), which is updated oper

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      NB: The message above might reflect my opinion right now, but not necessarily tomorrow or next year.
    2. Re:But dude, there was a snowball by dywolf · · Score: 5, Insightful

      A little understanding goes a long way to dispelling and preventing the spread of myths and misinformation: http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad...

      Even more, playing devil’s advocate, the scientists tried to force their data to show them a hiatus; they redid the calculations starting in 1998, as so many deniers have done. The result? The warming from 1998 – 2014 is 0.106 C per decade. It’s still there.

      The corrections they applied have to do with the way sea surface temperatures were taken; the method has changed over time, and that introduces biases into the data. The good thing though is that new methods, new understanding of the nature of data measurement, allow scientists to go back and re-examine older data and apply corrections to it.

      Different measurement methods have their own inherent biases. They went back through the data AND ITS SOURCES and found that some of the data believed to be from buoys was from engine intakes, and some from intakes was from buoys, and some was from the really old fashioned method of "haul up a bucket of water and measure it".

      All corrections are about canceling out those inherent biases so that everything starts from the same baseline.

      --
      The guy who said the election was rigged won the presidency with the second-most votes.
  2. Remember the hole in the ozone layer? by Overzeetop · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I worked with the group who built and operated the optical sensor which discovered the hole in the ozone. Except that they didn't know they had. Every time the sensor took optical data over the poles there was an "anomaly" in the data and they got uncharacteristically low numbers. For three years, this was written off as an unexplained anomaly when viewing down towards the polar ice. Until they looked up from below and found out that there really was no ozone there. Going back to the old data resulted in a fairly large change to the interpretation of the existing data which had been thrown out as unexplained.

    Science learns as it goes.

    --
    Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
    1. Re:Remember the hole in the ozone layer? by Luxemburg · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You have a misconception of what science is. None of the facts you mention result from measurements that you did yourself. Rather you heard it from others, and you trust them. If you did measure them yourself, you would have to rely on the correctness of someone else's measurement device. If you made your own measurement devices, you'd rely on someone else's established theory of the phenomena you're measuring. And so on...

      In the end, nothing in science is beyond doubt. Science does not deal in truth. What does science deal in? Well, there's a whole scientific discipline to answer this question: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P...

  3. TGIF by Guy+From+V · · Score: 4, Funny

    Climate change story is a sign the weekend is finally here.

  4. Re: Difference between Warmists and Rapturists by cyber-vandal · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Impress us all by publishing a full rebuttal of global warming in the journal of your choice.

  5. Data tampering by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    The new "analysis" deliberately tampered with data for this very purpose:

    New climate data by NOAA scientists doubles the warming trend since the late 1990s by adjusting pre-hiatus temperatures downward and inflating temperatures in more recent years.

  6. Data doesn't fit political needs! New Model STAT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    When the data ceases to match the model, why is it that global warming agenda pushers always say that it is the model that is wrong and change the model? Instead of questioning at their underlying assumptions, as the scientific method dictates? Oh, because then they don't get to push their agenda to get more money. CAPTCHA: Idealism

  7. How to fix the pause! by cirby · · Score: 4, Funny

    1) Notice that a lot of the ocean temperatures are now collected by buoys
    2) Notice that older temperatures were mostly collected by ships, and trended slightly warmer than the buoy measurements
    3) Assume that the actual temperature is somewhere in between (instead of using the more-accurate buoy numbers)
    4) Adjust the ship temperature numbers down (cooling the past record by a fraction of a degree)
    5) Adjust the buoy temperature numbers up (warming the current temps by a fraction of a degree)
    6) Voila! The pause disappeared!

    (In ocean temps. If you ignore all of the other things like satellite measurements that don't agree.)

    1. Re:How to fix the pause! by cirby · · Score: 4, Interesting

      ...except they didn't, overall. It would be wrong, at that: most ship-based SST measurements are at various depths (ship intake, bucket measurements, each of which are at random depths). A ship engine intake depth can be anywhere from a meter below the surface to ten times that depth, and the old bucket measurements were all over the place.

      Adjustments for differing measurements have already been made in the historical record - they went in and adjusted it MORE because it wasn't agreeing with the global warming that they just assume has to be happening (because of their continually-blown model predictions).

      Your "reinterpretation" of #3 is fanciful at best. Why make bad science even worse by adjusting the actual data?

  8. Re: Difference between Warmists and Rapturists by serviscope_minor · · Score: 4, Funny

    Impress us all by publishing a full rebuttal of global warming in the journal of your choice.

    Does it count if the journal is a blog with a black background, animated GIFs and at least 20 different fonts in a variety of sizes? Also do I get extra credibility points for any of the phrases "global conspiracy", "ivory tower" or "just look at how rich climate scientists are from all the bribe money they take"?

    --
    SJW n. One who posts facts.
  9. once the data is "processed"... by argStyopa · · Score: 5, Informative

    There have been some accusations that the data is being 'massaged' to get to a specific result:
    https://stevengoddard.wordpres...

    --
    -Styopa
  10. Not very confidence-inspiring by Hrrrg · · Score: 5, Insightful

    While I personally believe in man-made global warming, this sort of thing makes it hard to argue with someone who claims the researchers are just massaging the data until it shows what they think it should show.
     

  11. Re:so what you're saying is by thsths · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Sure. And we could go on emitting CO2 like it is nobodies business, and maybe wreck this earth. That would be evidence, but not proof, that climate change is man made. For proof you would want to wreck at least 3 earth, and have another 3 control earth that are just fine without humans.

  12. Re:so what you're saying is by plopez · · Score: 4, Insightful

    No, Scientists are not Politicians. As new data and peer review move forward things are revised. Otherwise out model of the solar system would still have Earth in the center of it.

    --
    putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
  13. Re:so what you're saying is by Dr.+Tom · · Score: 4, Funny

    You've seen German porn, haven't you?

  14. Re: Difference between Warmists and Rapturists by darronb · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Hell, I'd be happy if these jokers could even manage a partial rebuttal.

    Science reporting is garbage these days. Dave Jones just did a rebuttal to the "Batteriser" that a whole lot of otherwise respected media outlets are running... as he says any competent EE can tell you loads of ways the Batteriser is 99.999% marketing spin. It's still everywhere and loads of people buy that bullshit.

    Explaining global warming is much more complicated than debunking the Batteriser, so if Batteriser demonstrates our current level of competence in reporting something, we've got no F-ing chance at all of getting the real story with global warming to the general public.

    The fact that 95% of competent scientists in that field agree should be good enough. Marketing BS by people whose interests are affected by the results of the science apparently don't even have to try that hard to convince a lot of people the science is somehow contested.

    Put it this way... I'd bet there are plenty of people that would be skeptical if 95% of competent EEs stood up to say Batteriser is trash, claiming conflicts of interest with some "establishment" or "group think".

    A person is smart. People are stupid.

  15. The did and are manipulating the data by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This latest attempt to shore up the crumbling global warming agenda is another obvious attempt to manipulate the data and create momentum for the Paris meeting later this year.

    This new study (or mangling the data to get the conclusion you want) is full of holes.
    They have extrapolated land temps to sea areas where no data exists.
    They have adjusted (the favorite warmists method, warm new temperature while adjusting old temperature data down to create a trend) sea surface temperatures to agree with a less reliable data set instead of the other way around.

    http://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/06/04/a-first-look-at-possible-artifacts-of-data-biases-in-the-recent-global-surface-warming-hiatus-by-karl-et-al-science-4-june-2015/
    http://wattsupwiththat.com/2015/06/04/noaas-new-paper-is-there-no-global-warming-hiatus-after-all/

    are two critiques of this tendentiously timed data mangling.

    Indeed, our best temperature data in the USA (I know, not the whole world) the USCRN (US climate reference network) uses triple redundant aspirated platinum temp sensors in pristine rural locations. It has been operating for >10 years, and shows NO warming at all. This data is not adjusted like so much of the surface record.
    http://wattsupwiththat.com/2014/06/07/noaa-shows-the-pause-in-the-u-s-surface-temperature-record-over-nearly-a-decade/

    The satellite temp record (also with no hokey adjustments to create warming like GISS) also shows NO warming for the past 15-20 years.

    So, this new data mangling is just another last ditch attempt to ram through the UNIPCC agenda, of controlling the energy infrastructure of the world for a green socialist fantasy.

  16. Re:so what you're saying is by Crashmarik · · Score: 4, Insightful

    No, Scientists are not Politicians. As new data and peer review move forward things are revised. Otherwise out model of the solar system would still have Earth in the center of it.

    Oh really how do you feel about that report from the EPA on fracking ? Seems a whole lot of environmentalists only like science when it agrees with their prejudices.

  17. Re:Enjoy The Ride by taiwanjohn · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Actually, there is a fairly simple solution that can be done in a couple of decades, and has the bonus side effect of producing megatons of food in some of the more impoverished regions of the world. The trick is to convert semi-arid and arid grasslands into productive grazing lands for herbivores by using Managed Intensive Rotational Grazing which is described in detail (with stunning before/after photos) by Allan Savory in this TED Talk.

    In a nutshell: MIRG simulates the "mobbing, mowing, and moving" behavior of large herds of herbivores in nature, where herds "mob together" for protection from predators, and move constantly to find fresh pasture. Following in their wake is a swath of "disturbed" pasture, which has just been aerated by hoof prints and fed with a rich load of fertilizer. This spurs a blaze of regrowth in the grasses, which replaces root mass which had earlier been shed (many plants shed root mass when cropped, to preserve the root-shoot ratio). Thus, every time herbivores graze a piece of land, they sequester a large amount of carbon into the soil, and actually increase the health and the depth of the topsoil.

    Obviously, there's quite a bit more to this story, including earthworks to harvest and retain water, permaculture design to optimize ecosystem health and productivity, etc. But hopefully this will be enough to get the gears turning...

    --
    XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve your problem, you're not using enough of it. --AC
  18. Re: so what you're saying is by silentcoder · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Humans emitting CO2 is not a greenhouse problem. Human breathing is carbon neutral - you can't breath out more CO2 than the carbon you've eaten (less actually since you grow cells out of some of it - that ballances out when you die and decompose).
    So every bit of CO2 you breath out, is ballanced by having had that same amount taken OUT by the plants you ate first.

    The CO2 problem is carbon that was fossilized millions of years ago being burned today - with nothing having taken the equivalent amount out first.

    --
    Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
  19. Re:Electric Joule Heating by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    The primitive equations which are used to model atmospheric flows basically ignore charge change phenomena.

    Lol, this is crank science ... do me a favor 1) write navier stokes equations in energy form 2) add joule heating term 3) do order of mangitude analysis under liberal and conservative assumptions. 4) discard joule heating after realizing its negligible by about by 5 orders of magnitude. Or look up all the papers in the 1950s and 1960s that published on this. Yeah thanks for playing, you idiot clown.

  20. Re: so what you're saying is by tmosley · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Science is a method, not a result, nor a being. "Science" doesn't say anything. With highly politicised topics like this, it is not the data that tells the tale, but rather those flawed humans who may or may not appropriately report the data that tells the tale. There has been enough fraud discovered in academia alone, without systemic bias toward a given result, that to fail to question these results is a major failing on the part of anyone who takes them at face value.

  21. Re:What can we do vs What should we do? by blue9steel · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Well, what should we do vs what can we do becomes the biggest question.

    Before you can answer that question you have to answer this one first: "How much is it rational to spend on this project?"

  22. Re:And 4) by Shadwhawk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The 'ideal' temperature of Earth is one where nearly-sea-level communities, where a vast portion of humanity live, aren't flooded, forcing enormous migrations. The breadbaskets of the world should still stay productive, and the deserts should stay roughly where they are. A warming planet might open up a lot of Siberia and Canada to farming, but how long would it take to get large farms going, and how much of the wilderness would be ruined? The ideal temperature isn't about Earth--it can survive anything we can throw at it. The ideal temperature is about supporting 7+ billion humans without huge die-offs, and if we can avoid it, triggering mass extinctions.

  23. Re:And 4) by popo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Exactly this.

    Earth's climate will absolutely change because it has never not been changing. That's why the whole "climate change is real" argument is so asinine. Of course it's real. The only question at all is anthropogenesis. But even without anthropogenesis, the climate is guaranteed to change adversely for humans -- because that's what Earth's climate does.

    In one hundred thousand years, the climate will absolutely 100% be different -- with or without humans, industry or fossil fuels.

    And the chances of Earth remaining in a human-friendly, temperate zone indefinitely are zero.

    What humanity needs to come to grips with is that our planet was not designed for us. The opposite is true: We were designed for a brief, fleeting set of climatic conditions that with 100% certitude will not persist indefinitely.

    --
    ------ The best brain training is now totally free : )
  24. Two problems with this article by bradley13 · · Score: 4, Informative

    There are three problems with this article:

    First and foremost, this result is achieved with "corrected commercial ship temperature data", " corrected ship-to-buoy calibrations", and other adjustments. However, I don't see any information on where we can go to examine their adjustment techniques.

    Second, the statements at the end of the article make it plain that the goal of the authors is to show even more warming. This is not a neutral investigation, but an investigation with a desired outcome.

    Finally, with their new adjustments, they claim to have established a warming rate of around 0.1 degree/decade, and they also say that this is what the warming was from 1950 to 1999. Oddly, they then claim that this is "more than twice the IPCC's estimate". Now that's just weird. The IPCC never predicted so little warming. The IPCC originally predicted ten times that amount, or around 4 to 5 degrees per century (See page xxii, figure 8 in the IPCC report); later reports did revise that down, but never by an order of magnitude.

    So: we have people massaging data again, but they are also apparently trying to massage history. Credibility? Somewhere around zero.

    --
    Enjoy life! This is not a dress rehearsal.
  25. Re: Difference between Warmists and Rapturists by darronb · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Well, here's the thing. You've got to take the best you've got. I'm not an expert, so I'm going to defer to those that are.

    (This is not specifically to you, just a general response)

    I'm reasonably scientifically literate, and I'm a fairly good problem solver. So are lots of people. The problem is, people can run through any random train of thought they want to reach some conclusion that sounds logical as hell, and still with no real background in what they're talking about, they can be wildly wrong because... big surprise... they don't actually know what they're talking about. While a lot of stuff sounds simple most things actually aren't.

    So, if you don't know the background, you generally should not offer an opinion. Sure, in the west everyone thinks they're fully entitled to their opinion (maybe), and that their opinion is as valid as anyone else's (dead wrong). Seriously, you're just screwing everybody around you by taking respect in your analytical skill and offering an opinion. If a problem SEEMS simple to you, and you're wondering why the experts are so damn wrong... that's a warning sign not that there's some global conspiracy, but that you're missing some big part of the puzzle.

    Really.. if there were huge holes in the science, you can bet a lot of scientists (not pundits or armchair theorists) would be screaming about it. Scientists aren't 100% going to get behind "protecting their interests" by towing a line.... if you're a scientist and you can offer credible reasons why most everyone else is full of crap, you're going to be set for life on funding from companies and organizations who REALLY want climate change to go away as a topic. The fact that the huge amount of money spent looking for problems in the science is only able to show results that are easily disputed as mistaken or cherry picking is telling. The science is looking reasonably solid to me on just that basis. At least, solid enough to be considering what can be done if it's right and doing something.

    Of course the models are going to be inaccurate. A big part of the problem is the intuitive reaction for lots of otherwise quite rational people is to think "How can they know what the weather will be in 100 years when they can't even get next weekend's forecast right?"... and that becomes the core to their skepticism.

    You have to actually look at the science, the feeds to the models, and the processes involved to understand there's probably something there. It's not the same type of forecasting.

    To me, this is very much like saying "How can electronics possibly work if you idiots can't even predict exactly where an electron is going to be?" Guess what, you don't need to. Perfectly reasonable science can be built even if the discrete elements of that science are buried in uncertainty.

  26. Re: Please clarify... by silentcoder · · Score: 4, Informative

    Nobody said it makes them bigger. It is however a prerequisite. Insects have exoskeletons. That puts an upper limit on their size relative to the oxygen content of the air. More oxygen allows bigger insects to be capable of existing. A dragonfly that big today would suffocate.

    --
    Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
  27. Re: so what you're saying is by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    And the Democrat party contains anti vaxxers. Trying to act like somehow the Democrats are better than the Republicans in science matters is pretty silly.

    While all political parties have their wingnuts, only the GOP routinely nominates theirs as presidential candidates.

    There's a difference between having idiots as members of your party and having idiots as leaders of your party.

  28. Re: Data doesn't fit political needs! New Model ST by tmosley · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "Scientists aren't paid to believe anything"

    That is where you are completely wrong. Granting institutions blacklist ANYONE who comes out against AGW, no matter the field. Whether or not AGW is real, or comes from the proposed mechanism is irrelevant. If you speak out against it, right or wrong, you lose everything. This is ten-fold the case with climate scientists. Other branches might be able to seek funding elsewhere, whether from unaligned industry sources or the extremely biased Koch Brothers, but climate scientists don't have even that meager fallback.

    I am a scientist. I have applied for and received million dollar grants. There are key words that are often used increase the probability of funding. "Global Warming" is one of them.

    As much as scientists like to poke holes in theories, they absolutely will not do it when their funding is at stake. Even the most brutal attack dog doesn't bite the hand that feeds. And if he does, well, you know what happens.

  29. Re:And 4) by turkeyfish · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "potentially moving fertile crop zones hundreds of miles"

    It is always bemusing to see people think that because global warming will create higher temperatures in previously colder places that food crops can simply be grown in these newly warmed environments. The fact is that much of the reason food crops grow where they do in addition to evolutionary adaptation to specific habitats, is the fact that sufficient moisture and adequate quality soils are also available. Good quality soils can take hundreds or even thousands of years to develop. Many high latitude environments have very poor soils, often having been scoured by glaciers for thousands of years. Likewise, flowering and consequently pollination is affected by day/night length as well as by temperature, so simply because high latitude environments may become warm enough for crops to grow doesn't mean that flowering or pollination will be possible in these newly warmed environments.

    The threat from human induced global warming is not simply that humans are warming the planet by burning fossil fuels, but rather very much about how fast we are warming the planet. We are currently warming the planet between 100 and 1000 times faster than would occur naturally and as a consequence we are disrupting the very ecological relationships upon which humans depend for their survival. Although its probably true that a few humans will survive and linger in the kind of Mad Max world we are creating for current and subsequent generations, but the vast majority of humanity is already on the road to extinction within a few hundred years at the current rate of change.

  30. Re:Don't buy it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    If you read the original report, the error bands are included.

    "It is also noteworthy that the new global trends are statistically significant and positive at the 0.10 significance level for 1998–2012 (Fig. 1 and table S1) using the approach described in (25) for determining trend uncertainty. In contrast, IPCC (1), which also utilized the approach in (25), reported no statistically significant trends for 1998-2012 in any of the three primary global surface temperature datasets. Moreover, for 1998–2014, our new global trend is 0.106± 0.058C dec1, and for 2000–2014 it is 0.116± 0.067C dec1 (see table S1 for details). This is similar to the warming of the last half of the 20th century (Fig. 1). A more comprehensive approach for determining the 0.10 significance level (see supplement) that also accounts for the impact of annual errors of estimate on the trend, also shows that the 1998–2014 and 2000–2014 trends (but not 1998–2012) were positive at the 0.10 significance level."

  31. Re:so what you're saying is by dywolf · · Score: 5, Informative

    its not calibration like you are thinking (I am a calibration technician), ie, metrology (NOT meteorology!).

    the buoys weren't "wrong".

    its not that the buoys were miscalibrated as to the accuracy of the instruments (metrology).

    its that the dataset as a whole was "miscalibrated" as relates to the inherent differences in results from different methodologies of measurement. it's a statistical error, not a metrological one.

    you can measure the same location in one of 3 typical ways:
    -buoys
    -engine intake
    -bucket (ie, drop a bucket, haul it up, and measure the water inside)

    Each has its own inherent (built in) factors that cause the same readings from the same place at the same time, but taken with different methods, to measure slightly differently. The corrections to the dataset seek to remove and cancel out these differences.

    and when the measurement is taken they don't JUST write down the reading taken, but the local conditions at the time (sunny? cloudy? windy?), the type of measurement taken and method used, the instrument used, the location of the instrument (on a hill? in the shade?), etc. and all of that additional information is recorded PRECISELY BECAUSE of the desire to eliminate inherent differences so that every measurement conforms to the same baseline.

    --
    The guy who said the election was rigged won the presidency with the second-most votes.
  32. Re:Don't buy it by NotDrWho · · Score: 4, Funny

    The data didn't agree with their hypothesis, so they found a way to fix the data so it did. That's how the scientific method is supposed to work. IT'S SCIENCE, PEOPLE!

    --
    SJW's don't eliminate discrimination. They just expropriate it for themselves.