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EPA To Overhaul Emissions Testing In the Wake of VW Cheating

New submitter kheldan writes with this snippet from The Consumerist: A week after ordering Volkswagen to recall 500,000 vehicles that contain "defeat devices" designed to cheat emissions tests, the Environmental Protection Agency announced it would overhaul its compliance processes to ensure vehicles meet standards not only in controlled environments but in real-world driving conditions, and adds What may be the story-behind-the-story here, are the two Elephants in the Room: One, how many other automakers in the world have been 'gaming' the system like German automakers apparently have been all along, and Two, are these changes to the certification process at the USEPA going to 'trickle down' to the state and local levels, affecting routine emissions testing of individual vehicles? Questions peripheral to these may include: How much is this going to affect new vehicle prices in the future, and how much is this going to affect the fair market value of used vehicles?

23 of 203 comments (clear)

  1. Cheating more of an issue for diesels by goodmanj · · Score: 4, Interesting

    First let me say that this change is urgently needed.

    But, it's unlikely that automakers who build gasoline cars are cheating like VW did. It's especially difficult to clean NOx from diesel engine exhaust because unlike gasoline engines, the exhaust contains lots of extra oxygen. Diesels need special NOx-cleaning devices which add cost and weight, and can seriously limit performance in some situations. Gasoline engines just need minor modifications to the engine computer software and the catalytic converter to clean NOx, so there's very little need to cheat.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
    http://www.google.com/patents/...

    1. Re:Cheating more of an issue for diesels by oic0 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Motorcycles cheat like crazy. Almost all of them. They severely lean out portions of the fuel map that get used in the test and leave other portions at optimal or even a little rich to reduce warranty claims. First thing most owners do is buy an exhaust system for the sound, often eliminating the cat, and a tuner to fix the horrible EPA test cheater fueling.

  2. VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by drnb · · Score: 4, Informative

    It's especially difficult to clean NOx from diesel engine exhaust because unlike gasoline engines, the exhaust contains lots of extra oxygen. Diesels need special NOx-cleaning devices which add cost and weight, and can seriously limit performance in some situations.

    No. It is no longer especially difficult because VW and other diesel makers have already solved this problem. Every cheating VW diesel on the road can have low polluting exhaust. The hardware and software is there, already installed and operating. That is how they pass emissions tests, the software enables all the emissions controls. How the software cheats is to turn off the emission controls if it looks like someone is actually driving.

    The fix is a simple software patch to stop turning off the emissions controls.

    The downside is that performance and mileage will be reduced.

    1. Re:VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by goodmanj · · Score: 5, Informative

      You're right that the technology is installed and works, but the performance and maintenance downsides are severe. I didn't want to make my original post too long to read, but here's more detail to explain.

      Most small VWs (Jetta, etc) use a "lean NOx trap" to capture NOx in a zeolite sponge. The zeolite fills up with NOx and needs to be cleaned out periodically (every minute or two, takes a few seconds). During the cleaning cycle, engine power is limited to *20%* of maximum. VW's patent says they wait until the driver eases off on the throttle to do it, but still, that's a huge performance hit and a big incentive to cheat (by not doing the cleaning.)

      See patent link in my original post for details (warning: machine-translated from German.)

      In VW's larger vehicles (Passat, mostly), the car carries an extra tank full of gallons of urea, which is sprayed into the exhaust to react with the NOx. This reaction needs precise temperature controls (which probably limits engine performance), and the tank is big and heavy. By using less urea than needed, VW can use a smaller lighter tank, which needs to be refilled less often. (VW pays for urea replacement for the first 30,000 miles.)

    2. Re:VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by goodmanj · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's very clever (but evil): EPA says the software looks at a variety of factors, including wheel speed, steering wheel position, engine run time, and barometric pressure (!), and compares those data against EPA's published testing guidelines.

    3. Re:VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by goodmanj · · Score: 5, Funny

      No, even when breaking the law, German engineering does not screw around.

    4. Re:VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by Sorny · · Score: 5, Informative

      VW's patented setup sounds far less ideal than the well understood SCR/DEF setup everyone else uses. 20% of max power to burn out the NOx trap? No way in hell would I want that!

      The precise temperature controls you allude to for SCR/DEF is hogwash. You've got quite a bit of leeway to get up to temp before the system starts dosing before throwing codes and going into limp mode (think like over an hour of operation). If you didn't, then all of us in places with 4 real seasons would have diesels that wouldn't go anywhere because DEF freezes at about 18 degrees F. Where I live, we can go months with temps lower than that, and it takes time to thaw the DEF so it'll flow.

      DEF consumption is 1-3% of fuel consumption. So figure 1-3 gallons of DEF used for every 100 gallons of diesel; that's for the puny little 2 liters in a VW all the way up to the 13L monsters in a Peterbilt... 1-3% of fuel, like clockwork. How many gallons of DEF would be needed to go the oil change interval on a VW TDi? Not many.

      Lastly, on DEF, any fool paying stealership prices deserves to get ripped off. Drive to a truck stop and enjoy ISO rated DEF/AdBlue at $2.70 or so a gallon. My last DEF fill cost me a whopping $16 for my truck at just over 6 gallons in ~8k miles.. A 3.0L diesel truck that gets 24-27 MPG in mixed driving. A 2.0L TDi should be able to go 12k+ miles on 5 gallons considering how much less fuel they burn than my truck does.

      --
      OSX pwns.
    5. Re: VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by goodmanj · · Score: 4, Informative

      I see this a lot: "hey, they passed the EPA's test, so they're technically not in violation."

      Unfortunately, the EPA regs also state that you may not include devices designed to defeat EPA testing. See the EPA complaint for details.

    6. Re: VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by Ichijo · · Score: 2

      That's a good case for diesel-electric hybrids. During the cleaning cycle, supplement the 20% engine power with electric locomotion.

      --
      Any sufficiently unpopular but cohesive argument is indistinguishable from trolling.
    7. Re:VW Diesel's do have low polluting exhaust ... by caseih · · Score: 3, Informative

      Actually, no. Urea does require hotter temperatures, true, but it surely doesn't impact performance. The way diesel pollution works is that you can either lower compression and combustion through EGR to reduce NOx, but this tends to produce particulates and reduces fuel efficiency. Or you can increase efficiency and run the engine hotter, possibly with more compression, which virtually eliminates particulates, but hotter combustion temperatures increase NOx production.

      If anything Urea lets the engine run a lot closer to its more efficient state with more compression and higher temperatures. As you say the urea plus the catalyzing exhaust chamber does add weight. But the biggest problem is the availability of urea (in north America) and the handling of it. Especially in the winter.

      We run a machine on the farm with Tier 4I emissions on it, and every year we buy about 800 L of urea. It's about $1 CAD/L. So it does add overall cost, though to put it in perspective, it costs nearly $400 a day in diesel fuel during harvest for the same machine, totaling $800 a day for the two machines. But this engine is also more efficient than previous models, so fuel consumption is lower. We don't run the machine in the winter so we've never had any problems with it gelling, and we've never had the machine derate due to urea problems. In my mind, urea injection is really the only practical way to produce cleaner diesels. This is important with biologically-derived fuels as well, such as biodiesel. The carbon cost of urea production and handling probably makes it a wash in terms of CO2 emissions, despite higher efficiency engines. Urea is made from natural gas reformation.

  3. Re:On the fly/road measurements by Grishnakh · · Score: 2, Informative

    Yeah, the problem is they don't want to do that, because it's "unfair" to people who have old, poorly-maintained cars, because supposedly these cars are either "classics" or they're too poor to afford newer cars. Basically, cars past a certain age are "grandfathered".

  4. Re: Poor VW by silverkniveshotmail. · · Score: 2

    The Leaf seems like a nice car but let's not kid ourselves here, it's not a long trip vehicle. We currently have a Cruze and a CR-V which we also have a 6'x8' trailer for and I think a Leaf could replace the Cruze, because while the CR-V doesn't get great mileage I would only drive it if I had to haul something or drive a long distance and the money saved driving around town would be significant.

  5. Re:Low taxes and good mileage+driving fun combined by PPH · · Score: 2

    I imagine many people bought those vehicles because they wanted one that was better for the environment.

    Lets see how many people bring their VW in to have the ECU s/w updated. I mean without an EPA threat to brin them in or else. I'll bet that most people will weigh a little higher NOx emmissions against driving a gutless pig and not find time to get it in to the shop.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  6. Re:On the fly/road measurements by FlyHelicopters · · Score: 2

    Right, but that of course is the problem...

    Until we're willing to make those hard choices, this is all just noise...

  7. Re: If the system has been gamed... by WarJolt · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Yes you can go after the large car companies. That should be easy. You can never stop people from installing after market equipment that games the system. You will never have a perfect system, so stop being so idealistic. I'd settle for a system that stops the vast majority of abuse.

  8. Not necessarily "cheating" by sshir · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I know, it might be unpopular, but consider this explanation: what if that mode was designed to be turned on when car detects running in a badly ventilated area like indoors or in a tunnel and such? Just to avoid becoming a health hazard. And nobody realized that such mode would interfere with EPA tests. And VW own testers were simply replicating EPA testing rig to insure that ther testing is the same, while having no clue how engine works. While it is still probable, that someone in VW realized that there is a problem, they kept their mouth shut for various reasons. But generally this explanation does not require any wide conspiracy or anything.

    1. Re:Not necessarily "cheating" by haruchai · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nor does it require an expansive mea culpa by the CEO of the actual company, his resignation, the firing of several senior executives and setting aside $7B to remediate the affected vehicles.

      Perhaps you should get one of those vacant VW posts; sounds like you could have saved them several diesel truckloads of money.

      --
      Pain is merely failure leaving the body
  9. Re:On the fly/road measurements by Mass+Overkiller · · Score: 2

    Read about that more than a decade ago in Car and Driver. What ever happened to that idea... Sounded plausible. Any car that failed would get flagged. If the car was a "classic" or "vintage" it was exempt. Otherwise you had to get it fixed. Seemed simple.

  10. Re:And three: by khallow · · Score: 2

    How come it takes TWO people working full-time jobs to get a lower standard of living than my parents had in the 1970s with just my Dad working, despite all this "progress" and "productivity" we supposedly have?

    Because we decided everyone should have these things, such as education, housing, and health care and then we implemented policies to make those things accessible. Instead, they made them more expensive. Oops.

    And notice that the developing world isn't having this trouble.

  11. Re:Poor VW by Mashiki · · Score: 3, Informative

    Just buy a Tesla already

    Battery based cars tend to do very poorly in very cold countries.

    --
    Om, nomnomnom...
  12. Re:On the fly/road measurements by NormalVisual · · Score: 3, Interesting

    because most people can't afford to keep cars of that age on the road at all

    If we assume the average new car is $20,000 today, it works out to close to $450/month over four years. I don't know too many people with older cars that are having to spend anywhere near that much on maintenance.

    --
    Please stand clear of the doors, por favor mantenganse alejado de las puertas
  13. Re: Poor VW by Mashiki · · Score: 2

    Don't live in a cold country.

    That's great, I'll post my paypal and you can deposit 500k so I can change that.

    --
    Om, nomnomnom...
  14. Re: If the system has been gamed... by Rich0 · · Score: 2

    Agree. The 1/100k car enthusiast who rips apart his car and replaces all the computers inside isn't really the source of our problems. You might as well outlaw wrenches if you want to stop that sort of thing.