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California's $68 Billion Bullet Train Project Faces Major Hurdles (latimes.com)

New submitter willworkforbeer writes: The proposed US$68B high speed rail project in California faces extraordinary hurdles, both in terms of budget and timeframe. Even Einstein (no, not that one; Herbert Einstein, an MIT civil engineer and top tunneling expert) says the schedule is probably not possible. "Having looked at a number of these long tunnels, [the California] plan is aggressive," said Einstein, who has consulted on a 35-mile-long tunnel under the Swiss Alps. "From a civil engineering perspective it is very, very ambitious — to put it mildly."

New York's 11-mile East Side Access tunnel project is 14 years late and about 2.5x its original budget. If California's 72 miles of tunnels (twin tunnels of 36 miles) go like New York's, that would be over US$160B spent, with an opening date sometime in the 2030s. The article goes through a number of complicating factors for the tunnels, from the major faults they must cross to the melange of rock types they must drill through.

42 of 342 comments (clear)

  1. People still don't know? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Anyone who didn't know this was a giant fucking scam before it even got off the ground has to be a fucking idiot.

    1. Re:People still don't know? by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The graft and corruption is the purpose of such mega government projects. The bigger it is, the more skimming you can hide.

      All the prime drivers need is some True Believers to offer meme rationale. Most other politicians, if they think of it at all, think "Cool! Lots of union construction jobs!"

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      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    2. Re:People still don't know? by zippthorne · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The purpose of an infrastructure job shouldn't be the construction jobs that will result from creating it. The purpose should be to reduce cost (in time or resources) of transportation of people and goods to points within the covered area.

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    3. Re:People still don't know? by Harlequin80 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Right...... Because the private sector will always allocate resources into areas that are needed for society to function.

      Seriously even the most crazy anti-government person has to admit that there are places where the needs of a community and the needs of corporations don't align and hence a government is required to divert funds towards projects that the private sector would not have built.

    4. Re:People still don't know? by serviscope_minor · · Score: 2

      Seriously even the most crazy anti-government person has to admit that there are places where the needs of a community and the needs of corporations don't align and hence a government is required to divert funds towards projects that the private sector would not have built.

      I shall defeat your claim with a card of +5 summon Roman Mir

      PS you must be new here.

      --
      SJW n. One who posts facts.
    5. Re:People still don't know? by jcr · · Score: 2

      the private sector will always allocate resources into areas that are needed for society to function.

      It allocates resources into areas that people are willing to pay for on a voluntary basis. That doesn't include things like trains without enough riders to break even, or drones to kill kids in Pakistan, oddly enough.

      -jcr

      --
      The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
  2. I can't help but wonder by rsilvergun · · Score: 4, Insightful

    who's this for? By the sound of it It's going to be so expensive that if I could afford to take it I'd just take a plane instead. Maybe if we didn't all have cars, but again if you can afford to ride this you can afford a car, and you're probably going to prefer that. If it's just pork I'm surprised it made it though.

    --
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    1. Re:I can't help but wonder by zenlessyank · · Score: 2

      I also wonder how much housing could be built for disabled & poor folks. So many things $68 billion could buy besides a penis mobile.

    2. Re:I can't help but wonder by Bartles · · Score: 3, Funny

      When progressive socialist dreams collide, it's a beautiful sight.

    3. Re:I can't help but wonder by Hadlock · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's for the people who come after us, for the next couple hundred years, either until Earth becomes uninhabitable or we build a better more comfortable transport technology. I know it's hard to think more than 15 years in to the future, but the first rail lines from the 1850s are still in continuous use 170 years later, NOW, and I don't hear anyone talking about the death knell of rail. We gave highways a whirl and while they're super convenient, it's obvious that they don't scale nearly as well as we had imagined they would. And also we realized that most people are too dumb for flying cars, so we're back to rail. Unless you come up with something else, a long term transportation solution needs to be put in place. Right now it's looking like high speed electric rail between population centers, and then self driving uber/google/apple cars between the high speed rail and your final destination. But first we need that high speed rail. It works pretty fantastically over in Europe, you should try it some time.

      --
      moox. for a new generation.
    4. Re:I can't help but wonder by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The point of HSR is to make valuable real estate less concentrated. Build the 'home' stations in areas where land will appreciate and the 'work' stations in areas with high-paying jobs. The commuters using HSR daily/weekly will be the people who work in the expensive cities and who have the money to buy housing close to their home station.

      My thinking is it is because California property taxes are capped to a fixed percentage, so they either need property values to grow faster than inflation or to scale-out the building of properties of the same value since they can't all be in SF.

      This is the way it was done in Japan. This is the way it was done in Taiwan. I don't know if the other HSR projects around the world were done with the same land-value development in mind.

    5. Re:I can't help but wonder by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Insightful

      By the sound of it It's going to be so expensive that if I could afford to take it I'd just take a plane instead.

      This project will take decades to complete. By then there will be self-driving battery powered buses on I-5, for 1/3 the price of a ticket on this train. If you divide the likely cost of this train by the number of seats, it will cost about $500,000 PER SEAT. That is just the construction and capital cost. The operating cost will add even more. Nobody will be able to afford it without big on-going subsidies. Meanwhile, for the cost of a single train seat, you could buy several buses with over a hundred seats in total.

      The solution is obvious: We need to ban the buses.

    6. Re:I can't help but wonder by amiga3D · · Score: 2

      It's for the millions of people on the no-fly list.

    7. Re:I can't help but wonder by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 5, Informative

      It is common for government to tax the hell out of things that compete effectively with their overpriced, boobdoggle, unionized government employee-loaded Peoples' Great Works.

      So watch out for that. Detroit Metro airport built a giant parking structure and long-term parking lot that could not compete with private lots miles away that had to shuttle people in, so they slapped a 30% surcharge on those lots.

      They also made it illegal for local hotels to let customers leave their cars in their hotel lots. Lots of outstate people would drive in and spend the night before flying out the next morning, and free parking was a service the hotels gladly provided. Now that is illegal.

      The People's hatred and fear of government is well-earned.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    8. Re:I can't help but wonder by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2

      It would be nice to see socialists actually build something for a change, the way they did in the Thirties.

    9. Re:I can't help but wonder by Hadlock · · Score: 4, Interesting

      This may shock you, but most people aren't robots, and you still can't replace human interaction with video conferencing. Most people would frown at the idea of eating thanksgiving dinner around a table surrounded by glowing screens. Video conferencing only exists as a bandaid that fixes the problem that existing transportation methods suck. Fix the root issue and the need for video conferencing goes away. Your argument still doesn't solve the problem that college students will want to go home on some weekends, holidays will not evaporate, and not all problems can be fixed remotely.

      --
      moox. for a new generation.
    10. Re:I can't help but wonder by fnj · · Score: 2

      We gave highways a whirl and while they're super convenient, it's obvious that they don't scale nearly as well as we had imagined they would.

      Highways have problems scaling to very high traffic densities. Railways don't scale to very low traffic densities, or allow servicing geographical tree distributions. They are for hubs.

      The two are complementary.

    11. Re:I can't help but wonder by Bartles · · Score: 2

      How about the interstate highway system? Arguably the most valuable infrastructure project in US History. It actually served a puropose that benefited all. And only cost about 450 billion in today's dollars. Far less than we spend on one year of Social Security and Medicare.

    12. Re:I can't help but wonder by Hadlock · · Score: 4, Informative

      I addressed his point and covered additional issues. I don't think it's destined to go the way of Amtrak, which shares lines with Freight. Dedicated commuter rail is fast and on time. More astute way of putting it would be to say it's like European high speed rail, or Uber, where the convienience of it drives further adoption. Everywhere high speed rail is installed, it drives adoption. People said what you said about the DART rail system in Dallas, and it beat is ridership projections by 5x in the first year.

      --
      moox. for a new generation.
    13. Re:I can't help but wonder by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's worse still. At $50/ticket you need 274k daily riders.

      If you assume a modest 5% maintenance cost, and $100b price tag. You need revenue of $5b/year to operate and maintain this abomination.
      So, 5,000,000,000 / 365 = $13.7m/day in revenue required
      at even $50/ticket that's 274k riders per day.

      And this is i'm confident way below what the actual costs will be. tax payers will subsidizing this thing forever.

      population LA : 3.9m
      population SF: 837k

    14. Re:I can't help but wonder by KGIII · · Score: 2

      When the rail lines opened in the UK they blew estimates out of the water. People would ride them, multiple times per day, just to ride them. They put in a huge, deep, tunnel that the press said was going to kill people and, yet, people went and rode that train multiple times just to experience the tunnel.

      If they put the train in - I'd probably take it for a spin just to cross it off my list of things that I've done. I'm not exceptional in these regards. I'd not make a special trip t do it but I'd certainly take it if I were in the area and had the time.

      Also, as this progresses, look for large land purchases -- even past land purchases and then look for ties between those who are pushing for it and those who stand to gain by the increased valuation.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
  3. Ridiculous claim in summary by Rei · · Score: 4, Insightful

    New York's 11-mile East Side Access tunnel project is 14 years late and about 2.5x its original budget. If California's 72 miles of tunnels (twin tunnels of 36 miles) go like New York's, that would be over US$160B spent,

    This is absurd (and not an argument presented in the article, because the author isn't a moron). You can't just act like all tunnel building costs are the same per mile, they vary by orders of magnitude. The East Side Access project is to go through some of the most valuable, infrastructure-heavy, densely populated real estate in the US and to merge into Grand Central Terminal.

    --
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    1. Re:Ridiculous claim in summary by Bartles · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Show me a tunnel project that finished ahead of schedule and under budget. For that matter show me a tunnel project that finished on time, and met it's budget. It's absurd to think this tunnel will be different than every tunnel ever built in human history.

    2. Re:Ridiculous claim in summary by willworkforbeer · · Score: 5, Funny

      Show me a tunnel project that finished ahead of schedule and under budget. For that matter show me a tunnel project that finished on time, and met it's budget. It's absurd to think this tunnel will be different than every tunnel ever built in human history.

      Found it! http://www.cbsnews.com/picture...

      --
      Pretending this is my office full of bitter coworkers..
    3. Re: Ridiculous claim in summary by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 4, Informative

      Here's another one, in the heart of Europe:
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

  4. America: Not allowed to dream big anymore by Hadlock · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Fucking build it. We excel at building giant projects. This is an infrastructure project that will pay off in spades over the next 200 years. It's not like the zombie apocalypse is going to come through and wipe out 2/3rds the population of California every 25 years. Long term this is absolutely needed. Just cough up the dough and move forward with it. Dig those tunnels, lay that track.
     
    Big projects need big vision, and if we don't have that kind of vision in America anymore, I don't want to live here anymore, we're just any other country.
     
    P.S. Even Morocco has high speed rail now. Let's try and keep up with Northern Africa perhaps? "Oh it's such a big project we can't handle that". Well fucking fire that guy let's put someone in place that actually believes they can do their own damn job. You don't hire a guy who's afraid of heights to do your balancing wire act at the circus.

    --
    moox. for a new generation.
    1. Re:America: Not allowed to dream big anymore by Hadlock · · Score: 4, Informative

      High speed rail is built to such exacting standards, it doesn't seem out of the realm of possibility to throw some LIDAR down by the wheels and flag anything that throws up a yellow flag for repairs. If they're not doing that already. Generally in Japan after an earthquake they will run the trains at reduced capacity, only 50-70% advertised speeds while repairs are made. As Mitch Hedberg famously said, "we apologize, your escalators are temporarily stairs"; high speed rail can still run at regular speeds without issue. Heck, if you're willing to slow down to 5mph you can run a train over some pretty gnarly looking rails that aren't particularly flat, and then speed back up once past.

      --
      moox. for a new generation.
    2. Re:America: Not allowed to dream big anymore by CQDX · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If they wanted to have a chance for this to work, and to have some reasonable number of passengers, they should have built it along the coast along the Coast Sub route connecting LA, Simi Valley, Oxnard, Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, up to Monterrey and into San Jose. There is splits to SF and Sacramento. There are already tracks there that used to be the main passenger route when trains were king. Today there is little freight or passenger traffic north of Santa Barbara. There are fewer and shorter tunnels so the work is probably orders of magnitude easier.

      Additionally CA should be upgrading the Hwy 5 corridor in the SJ valley. It's two lanes each way but with the amount of commercial traffic it should be 4.

      Finally, spending money on expanding the reservoir system should be the top priority. Often times we get a decent amount of rain but it just runs off into the ocean. Are main reserve is the snow pack in the Sierras but if global warming is true, there is going to be less and less each year.

    3. Re:America: Not allowed to dream big anymore by raxx7 · · Score: 3, Informative

      Nowadays, tracks are usually inspected with track inspection vehicles, which are fitted with a number of sensors and can inspect tracks at speeds of up to 50 km per hour (last time I checked).
      High speed rail tracks may be inspected several times per week, during the night.

    4. Re:America: Not allowed to dream big anymore by CQDX · · Score: 2

      HSR won't get rid of the car problem because once you get to your terminus you'll still need a car to get around. San Francisco and Los Angeles metropolises are very large and destinations within each can take well over an hour to reach by car without traffic. Public transit is even worse with non-direct routes and frequent stops. BTW, commercial jets fly at 30,000 feet because that is where they are most fuel efficient even accounting for the extra burn to get at altitude.

    5. Re:America: Not allowed to dream big anymore by dave420 · · Score: 2

      There is a British train that inspects at ~200km/h, and a French one that inspects at ~100km/h.

  5. from the 'TGV' french experience these last 20 y.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    ... I can state two things:
    - it's buying the land that shifts the schedule. Definitely true, to the extent the south-east is not covered by our 'bullet-trains' 20 years after going operational elsewhere (TGV is for 'hi-speed-train' in french, over 300Km/h)
    - when the rails are done, then, it's over for train/airplane competition. Definitely. 90% of the air traffic switches to rail.
    Even when the rail stations are not close to cities.
    When adding every delay, car/parking/x-ray/plane and the same at the other hand, generally the bullet train is at least as fast, and way less of a bother (no X-ray, you can take metallic objects, load your computer, walk and get decent coffee in a decent train bar...)
    So, to me it's a matter of patience but the switch is unavoidable. The only thing is, for people in their fifties like me, one has to be aware this in some places is just an investment for our children, not for us.

  6. Re:Final bill by KenDiPietro · · Score: 2

    Using your logic, we should never do anything. What the hell, if might not come out perfect or on budget - so we shouldn't do it. And it's not like this project would create good paying jobs or that those people would be paying into our tax coffers, no, none of that makes any difference.

    And while you whine about a 35 miles project, the Chinese are looking at building a similar one to connect Chine with the North American mainland. This project will have almost 9,000 miles of high speed track of which more than 100 miles would be a tunnel under the Bering Straights.

    Christ, if we had listened to people like you throughout history, we'd still be living in caves. Get a grip.

  7. Re:Final bill by russotto · · Score: 4, Insightful

    And while you whine about a 35 miles project, the Chinese are looking at building a similar one to connect Chine with the North American mainland. This project will have almost 9,000 miles of high speed track of which more than 100 miles would be a tunnel under the Bering Straights.

    No environmental impact statements, no lawsuits from every NIMBY group along the way, no union problems, no Federal Railroad Administration applying 100-year-old rules, and no worry about worker safety. Relaxing the constraints make things much easier.

    Of course this tunnel will never be built because the US isn't about to allow it (and it's a dumb idea anyway)

  8. On the other hand by melonman · · Score: 5, Informative

    The article sounds remarkably like the articles written when the Anglo-French Channel Tunnel project was proposed. Various aspects of the project were allegedly impossible when digging began, including concerns about the nature of the rock under the Channel and that the air in the tunnels would overheat because of the absence of ventilation tunnels under the sea. The project did run over-budget, but it worked, and is still working, and has transformed the way people and freight travel along that route.

    --
    Virtually serving coffee
  9. Compare to the Cost of Highway Projects by McGruber · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Here in Atlanta, we are spending $1.1 Billion on widening just one highway interchange: Contractors vying to build $1.1 billion Ga. 400/I-285 interchange

    IMHO, that makes the $68 billion California is spending seem like a bargain since they'll be getting 36 miles of tunnels, plus "300 miles of track, dozens of bridges or viaducts, high-voltage electrical systems, a maintenance plant and as many as six stations".

  10. Failure of nerve by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2

    Years ago, BART in San Francisco was able to tunnel through the same tectonic plate boundary - underwater. A century ago, Switzerland built high tunnels through the Alps like the ones being contemplated here to connect Germany, France and Italy. But because those tunnels required trains to spiral up into the mountains to reach one end and then spiral down from from the other end of the tunnel, It is now driving a series of straight "base tunnels" underneath the entire range. These will allow bullet trains to rip through as though the Alps didn't exist.

    1. Re:Failure of nerve by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2

      It's still a tunnel at the bottom of a bay crossing a tectonic boundary. That takes the kind of engineering chutzpah that Californians - even Democrats - used to be capable of.

  11. Only the beginning by Dereck1701 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The cost overruns they're noting here are almost certainly just the tip of the iceberg. It was originally only said to cost around $34 Billion, they've barely gotten started and its already ballooned to at least in the neighborhood of $70 Billion but even the Authority admits it "may" go up to almost $120 Billion suggesting it will probably hit that and quite possibly go even higher. Even at the ~$70 billion number it is almost double the cost per KM as similar European systems. At the same time the anticipated ticket prices will be below that of world counterparts (20%), specifically set to try to attract airline passengers. And even at that rate its not expected to compete very well with car/truck transportation costs.

  12. Re:The rare subtle Godwin. by fnj · · Score: 2

    Ah, the all-too-common Godwin-baiter who sees Godwin everywhere. The poster you are replying to is very likely talking about FDR. "Almost every community in the United States had a new park, bridge or school constructed by [FDR's WPA]". The WPA provided paid jobs for 3 million unemployed at its peak. Most of the facilities constructed are still in use.

    Or he might have been talking about the magnificent Moscow Metro, and the USSR's collossal program of dam and railway building. There is no tie-in to the feared N-word or H-word there either.

  13. Meanwhile back in 1968 by dbIII · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The Japanese got it to work but they connected larger population centres than Santa Fe and Albuquerque - just as the Californians are going to do.
    It is a bit annoying that the last time a train did 100MpH near where I live was a century ago - on steam FFS.

  14. Re:They don't always come if you build it by xaxa · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I found the schedule: http://riometro.org/rio-metro-...

    That's a joke of a service. Fewer than one train an hour and a huge gap during the day — I'm not surprised hardly anyone uses it. The top speed is 79mph, so presumably (including stops) it's slower or similar to driving. Europeans wouldn't use a service like this, and I think we're often used as a comparison for projects like this.

    If they want people to use it, make it at least every 30 minutes (preferably 20), throughout the day. Then you don't need to worry about missing a train, and aren't stuck if plans change.