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The Two Modern Space Races (arstechnica.com)

MarkWhittington writes: Observers of the current state of the space program like to maintain that a space race, such as occurred in the 1960s, will never happen again. They cannot be farther from the truth, since not just one, but two space races are going on. The Google Lunar X Prize is managing a race for the first private group to land a rover on the lunar surface and perform a number of tasks for glory and prize money. Eric Berger at Ars Technica pointed out that another prize space race, with the goal of performing the first private crewed space mission in low Earth orbit, is ongoing thanks to NASA's commercial crew program.

99 comments

  1. Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Get over it. There will never be another Presidential speech with some manned goal to reach. These modern "space races" are nothing more than the ego-trips of bored billionaires.

    The only way to get Apollo again is by socialism, just like the first one.

    1. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      The only way to get Apollo again is by socialism, just like the first one.

      Perhaps, but whether or not that is true, it glosses over another problem, namely, that Apollo just wasn't that valuable.

    2. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by tomhath · · Score: 1

      Apollo was well worth the money spent on it. Not the lunar rocks, but the many other scientific advances advances that resulted from engineering a Moon landing. Including the computer you are using.

    3. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by bobbied · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Apollo wasn't that valuable? I beg to differ...

      There was a lot of common good generated by the effort to put men on the moon. You may not realize it, but they made vast advances in electronics, communications technology, materials and system design practices that have overflowed into the private sector from the Apollo effort. We learned a lot of stuff and built a lot of stuff from the technology advancements from Apollo, it's predecessors and the concurrent military build up that would have taken a lot longer to become viable enough to make a difference in the world.

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    4. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 1

      It was only valuable in the sense that the US government wanted to show the world that capitalism and democracy is superior than socialism and despotism. It was basically intended to stem the progression of the domino theory.

      Though to be honest the Vietnam war probably did a better job of that than anything else, because it put a huge media spotlight on what kind of violence and hardship socialist revolution entails (the same kind of violence and hardship that occurred in every other socialist revolution before it, such as the Bolshevik revolution; but the Vietnam war was the only one where it was televised worldwide so everybody could see it for themselves.)

    5. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're right, it wasn't, but it achieved the main goal: to trump the Russians as spectacularly as possible.

    6. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dude, take your meds.

    7. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Rei · · Score: 3, Funny

      The only way to get Apollo again is by socialism, just like the first one.

      Perhaps, but whether or not that is true, it glosses over another problem, namely, that Apollo just wasn't that valuable.

      Are you kidding? He slayed Pytho, Earth-Dragon of Delphi; he could heal, he brought light and music, and warded away evil. He rescued Aeneas and helped Paris slay Achilles; saved his mother Leto from rape at the hands of Tityos; slayed the cyclopses; and countless other feats.

      If it takes socialism to resurrect him, then long live the proletariat and down with the borgiouse swine! I'm kind of curious, what exactly is the summoning ritual like? A laurel branch, a lyre, a copy of Worker's World and a reciting of L'Internationale?

      --
      The yellowcake is a lie.
    8. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "It was only valuable in the sense that the US government wanted to show the world that capitalism and democracy is superior than socialism and despotism"

      Which is super hilarious given that Apollo was a centralized socialist project, and the Russian space program worked with competing design bureaus.

    9. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Rei · · Score: 2

      Throw such a large percent of the US economy at one task, of course you're going to get side benefits. The issue is that Apollo could have been either A) vastly cheaper, or B) have accomplished vastly more, if not for the need to keep the a couple of giant remoras alive for the journey.

      --
      The yellowcake is a lie.
    10. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Simply not true. If anyone EVER doubts me that Space Nutters think we only have computers because of NASA, I'll link to your idiotic post.

      Just so you know, computers where already well on their way before Apollo, you know, for weird things like banks, factories, companies, research, the military, etc.

      Why do you space loons never say "thank the Minuteman missile for the Autonetics D37 flight computer"? Hm?

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      Or "thank the F-14 for the first microprocessor chipset in the 1960s"?

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      Well?

      Hm? Oh look, the military (another socialist institution) was already way ahead of the curve!

      http://www.youtube.com/watch?f...

    11. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thank you. I will stop reading Slashdot for the rest of the week now, as nothing I see is going to top this.

    12. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      Apollo wasn't that valuable? I beg to differ...

      What do you think I mean by "valuable". I'm not comparing it to the typical value of garden gnomes here. I'm comparing it to what you can do with $150-200 billion dollars in today's money. Sure, it's probably somewhat more valuable than half a year of the 2000s Iraqi occupation, but notice how you can't come up with any tangible benefits from the program. There's the vague "common good" thing. There's the "vast advances" in stuff which would have experienced those vast advances anyway.

      The "learned lots of stuff" thing (one of the last things you mentioned) is the only category that can be stretched to include anything concrete in it. We would be a lot more ignorant about Earth and the Solar System without the plentiful samples we returned from the Moon. And the technology demonstrations such as showing that it is possible to land people on the Moon or the economic value of sending many multiple space probes instead of one-offs, was useful though it is worth noting that Saturn V was a technology dead end.

      So it was useful, but $150-200 billion useful? No way.

      That is what I mean by continuing to say that Apollo wasn't that valuable. If the US had spent an order of magnitude less on it, then it would be valuable - and we might well still be launching Saturn Vs today.

    13. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      Quantum Apostrophe (the "space nutter" AC) did the heavy lifting here. Apollo cost a lot of money (something like $!50-200 billion in today's money, I believe) and we just didn't get that much out of it. especially in the long term. Sorry, that's the way it is.

      That's why I continue to call it not very valuable.

    14. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The worst part is I was the biggest space fan when I was a kid. I was on Spacenet back when I had to call in long distance to their BBS and ordered all kinds of posters and stuff.

      Eventually my natural curiosity led me to the history of electronics and computers, and then I realized that most space fans are ill-informed, hysterical children when it comes to reality.

      It's so reductive and insulting to the real history of computers and electronics when you just boil it down to "oh we built a giant totem and manna fell out of they sky."

    15. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      "The only way to get Apollo again is by socialism, just like the first one"

      When governments conduct a space race, Apollo is exactly what you get: flags and footsteps, with science being incidental and commercial development being off in some vaguely defined future. Private space races are primarily about commercial development.

    16. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by kellymcdonald78 · · Score: 1

      One specific example of the indirect benefits of Apollo, in 1969 the Mothers Club at Lakeside School were debating what to do with the proceeds of rummage sale. One option was a new scoreboard for the school, but the other (which was chosen) and due to all the focus on the space race at the time was to purchase a Model 33 ASR teletype and a block of computer time. This was the computer that Bill Gates and Paul Allen became enamored with.

    17. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Apollo missions, especially the first one, was a way to poke the USSR in the eye and score some points in the cold war going on at that time. The Apollo mission also provided rocket performance and engineering data used in the US ICBM development project. The Apollo mission was funded by the civilian run NASA agency and the military. The Apollo mission was conducted back when the public and politicians had a pair of balls and were willing to accept the risks to achieve something great. Today's society is a bunch of risk adverse pussies.

    18. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 1

      Dude, don't do it. The cure is worse than the disease. No matter how bad things get, they'll never get bad enough to consider that option.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    19. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by KGIII · · Score: 1

      Along with the other skewed information you're posting in this thread, that one is just as silly. NASA was a centrally managed institution but they outsourced almost everything through bidding processes that also had to meet strict criteria. The Russians used competitions where they were they (both?) were from State run agencies. Anything, by some twisted metrics, can be called socialist and I'm pretty damned socialist in nature (albeit for different reasons than most and comparatively speaking). Stop with the bullshit misinformation, you're making the sane people look silly.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    20. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by KGIII · · Score: 1

      Along with the other skewed information you're posting in this thread, that one is just as silly. NASA was a centrally managed institution but they outsourced almost everything through bidding processes that also had to meet strict criteria. The Russians used competitions where they were they (both?) were from State run agencies. Anything, by some twisted metrics, can be called socialist and I'm pretty damned socialist in nature (albeit for different reasons than most and comparatively speaking). Stop with the bullshit misinformation, you're making the sane people look silly.

      It's weird how you kids keep trying to twist history. To what end?

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    21. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by someone1234 · · Score: 3, Funny

      I consider this a huge disaster.

      --
      Patents Drive Free Software as Hurricanes Drive Construction Industry
    22. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There were a number of tangible benefits including:
      - Kidney dialysis.
      - Blow molding process now used for shoe fabrication.
      - Home insulation.
      - Water purification technology.
      - Freeze-dried foods preserve nutrients and increase shelf life.
      - Measuring hazardous gasses.
      - Flame-Resistant textiles to safeguard firefighters and soldiers.
      - etc

      See:
          https://spinoff.nasa.gov/apollo.htm

    23. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by iwbcman · · Score: 0

      wow I am impressed. Your position is probably one of dumbest ones I have ever seen posted on slashdot, and that's saying something.

      What do you think I mean by "valuable". I'm not comparing it to the typical value of garden gnomes here. I'm comparing it to what you can do with $150-200 billion dollars in today's money. Sure, it's probably somewhat more valuable than half a year of the 2000s Iraqi occupation, but notice how you can't come up with any tangible benefits from the program. There's the vague "common good" thing. There's the "vast advances" in stuff which would have experienced those vast advances anyway.

      I mean really? You are going to reduce the "value" of the Apollo space program to :

      $150-200 billion dollars in today's money.

      Here's a little clue for you: the moneys spent on the Apollo program over it's lifespan exceeded that of the the GDP of the US when John F. Kennedy announced the goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the decade. That's right you heard it, the Apollo program ended up costing more money than was in circulation(american dollars) at the outset. These vast sums of money in turn were produced by the taxes generated by millions of 6 figure jobs created in academia, engineering, chemistry, physics etc, which lead to the "vast advances" you spoke of. And the creation of most of these jobs was facilitated primarily by a) the GI Bill, which allowed millions of returned vets from Korea and WWII to pursue higher education, and b) a presidential call to action in the context of an ideological cold war which commanded a patriotic response from millions of Americans. I guess the birth of the modern American middles class might be some

      vague "common good" thing

      .

      There's the "vast advances" in stuff which would have experienced those vast advances anyway.

      On what planet do you live? In the real world technological advances are not deterministically inevitable, they are by their nature contingent, dependent on a myriad of factors happening to fall into place at the right time in the right way. There is nothing in and of itself inevitable regarding technological advancement. Damn near everything in the technology that you and I are using to communicate was initially developed in the wake of Apollo space program. Hell Douglas Engelbart would probably not have created the first computer mouse if the Stanford Research Institute hadn't been awash in federal funding related to the Apollo space program. Counter arguing that someone, somewhere else would have done it eventually is simply sophomoric.

      I just wonder in what little world you find yourself in where you think that your evaluation of the value of the Apollo space program is of any value whatsoever to any other person existing. I am only responding because of the arrogance coupled with ignorance that bleeds through the letters of your text posting. The Apollo space program was simply put the grandest enterprise that this country has ever embarked upon, and there is practically 0 probability that anything like it will ever happen again within my or your lifespan. Most other human endeavors made possible by uniting millions in common cause have resulted in genocide and mass annihilation, but instead, even while we were murdering the Vietnamese by the millions, we laid the foundations for a technological revolution which has changed how most of the 7 billion people alive today work, play, and live. Talk about not seeing the forest for the fucking trees.

    24. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      /me applauds

    25. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Citation required. Basically they had nothing at all to do with any of this. Oh the like to claim they did. But actually *read* the papers and well it turns out it had nothing to do with apollo, or was already done for something else already.

    26. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You offer a hecatomb. A bit expensive but worked well for the Menelaus in the Trojan wars.

    27. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Damn near everything in the technology that you and I are using to communicate was initially developed in the wake of Apollo space program"

      That's so backwards I wonder if you eat with your ass and shit with your mouth. When you consider they had digital voice scrambling in WWII...

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      How the fuck can you think that we had nothing, then we had everything because of stupid Apollo!???

      READ AND LEARN YOU FUCKWITTED CHILD.

    28. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is that because it's time for your meds?

    29. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by dcw3 · · Score: 1
      --
      Just another day in Paradise
    30. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      Just because a little bit of the research in these areas came from NASA doesn't mean that NASA is responsible for them. I call it the NASA taint. By now, everything is probably due to NASA.

    31. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      Here's a little clue for you: the moneys spent on the Apollo program over it's lifespan exceeded that of the the GDP of the US when John F. Kennedy announced the goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the decade.

      Not at all. The peak spending was a few years later (1966, if I recall), and it was around 2% of GDP. And that $150-200 billion is in current 2015 dollars rather than 1961 dollars (somewhere around $19-24 billion by CPI inflation which is near the GDP deflator-based inflation rate).

      On what planet do you live? In the real world technological advances are not deterministically inevitable, they are by their nature contingent, dependent on a myriad of factors happening to fall into place at the right time in the right way

      This is based on the fallacy of improbability. There is not one particular set of "myriad factors" that results in a computer industry or fiberglass insulation any more than there is one particular set of "myriad factors" that results in a car with a license plate in a parking space. Here's a quote from Richard Feynman that illustrates this fallacy in full:

      You know, the most amazing thing happened to me tonight. I was coming here, on the way to the lecture, and I came in through the parking lot. And you won't believe what happened. I saw a car with the license plate ARW 357. Can you imagine? Of all the millions of license plates in the state, what was the chance that I would see that particular one tonight? Amazing!

      The other error with your assertions to this point is your complete ignorance of opportunity cost. Even if all we ever wanted to do was put people on the Moon, we could have put a lot more people on the Moon for $150-200 billion than we actually did. We could also still be using that infrastructure now (rather than just a few mirrors on the Moon!), if someone had bothered to plan something more sustainable and useful than the Saturn V or the follow on Space Shuttle (which over its lifespan has sunk a similar amount of money to the Apollo program).

      You see the paltry benefits, but you don't see the costs. $150-200 billion is a lot of cost.

    32. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      And the obvious rebuttal is that these things would have happened anyway. I also notice that in the second link, they're appropriating GPS from the US military. The spinoff argument also completely ignores the cost associated with these slight contributions.

      I wonder how people would take it, if I post a list of US military spinoffs (which are far more considerable than NASA's contributions) the next time someone complains about US military endeavors? "Sure, we bombed 100k brown people we don't like for enough money to keep Microsoft in business for 200 years, but we got GPS out of it!" I'm sure it would go over well.

    33. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      Our socialist program was better than their socialist program because we used cost plus contracting.

    34. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by CanadianMacFan · · Score: 1

      While many of the technologies that are being attributed to the Apollo missions (electronics, materials, etc) they would have eventually been made. Apollo may have just sped up things, especially with space technology.

      However I would say that it's biggest contribution was capturing the imagination of a generation and getting them interested in science and engineering. People became interested in astronomy, geology, and engineering. Children wanted to fly planes because that's what you had to do to become an astronaut. Science was cool and could do just about anything. There was a smaller effect with the Hubble telescope and the shuttle. But we haven't had anything like that in 30 to 40 years. Sure the Hubble has been giving us great images but everyone has gotten used to it.

      We need a "wow" project to recapture people's imagination and get them interested in science again. Show them what science can do and people will want to be part of it. When the Apollo project was going strong there wasn't a problem finding people who wanted to become scientists and engineers. Today science and engineering has gone into the background and people take it for granted. It's become the plumbing that keeps our civilization progressing but not many people are interested in becoming plumbers. We need to make people think of science as the musicians of society.

    35. Re: Um, it's pretty much over, dude by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      ?? Why do you think that AC is Quantum? He is not the type to hide like this.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    36. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      But we haven't had anything like that in 30 to 40 years.

      And Apollo contributed to that failure in a big way. For example, preserving the infrastructure of Apollo during the funding ramp down following the end of Apollo become more important than doing stuff in space.

      We need a "wow" project to recapture people's imagination and get them interested in science again. Show them what science can do and people will want to be part of it. When the Apollo project was going strong there wasn't a problem finding people who wanted to become scientists and engineers. Today science and engineering has gone into the background and people take it for granted. It's become the plumbing that keeps our civilization progressing but not many people are interested in becoming plumbers. We need to make people think of science as the musicians of society.

      I have a suggestion. Repeat Apollo for a small fraction of the cost. Develop the Falcon Heavy. Use it to do Apollo-like unmanned space probe swarms and manned sortie missions for a few hundred million dollars each in current dollars (about a factor of ten or less than Apollo did). Then start building some lunar infrastructure (moon bases, factories, etc).

      You could completely fund significant lunar activities on what they're squandering on the Space Launch System.

    37. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by Anonymous+Cow+Ward · · Score: 1

      Government spending != socialism. A government-run program, especially a research program, isn't necessarily a socialist program, and I don't see how the Apollo program counts as socialism.

      --
      Examine even your most deeply held beliefs. Nobody is always right.
    38. Re: Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      What makes you think he's hiding?

    39. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by iwbcman · · Score: 1

      run and hide little coward, scurry on now.

      You ever seen a computer from 1960?

      take a look at one from 1970?

      coincidence, hardly.

      I did not state that the Apollo program invented the first computer. What I did say is :

      Damn near everything in the technology that you and I are using to communicate was initially developed in the wake of Apollo space program.

      And I reiterate: the trillion dollars that was paid for by American taxpayers, which created millions of high paying jobs, in turn led to the research, development, design and fabrication of countless technologies you take for granted playing while mentally masturbating on your keyboard.

      Go back and do your research my little coward, follow the money: who the fuck paid for all that research, design and development? Uncle Sam. How did Uncle Sam pay for it? By launching a program that created millions of high-paying jobs, which required advanced degrees(the vast majority of all university funding during that time came from ? Uncle Sam), which generated a tax revenue sufficient to fund the entire endeavor. This money flooded every engineering department at every university, flooded every private engineering firm which could land contracts, that money made it possible to mobilize the brightest and the best to develop their skills in service of that "stupid" program.

    40. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by CanadianMacFan · · Score: 1

      I think Apollo only got the funding that it did because of Kennedy's speech, his assassination, and the timing of the cold war. It had the public support. Besides much of the research into the technology would have had to be done for the military side anyways so the money was going to be spent.

      I do think that our next step out into the cosmos has to be a return to the Moon with a base. It's the best place to learn how to live out there. If something goes badly wrong then you can come back in a few days, not like six to nine months for Mars. (If something goes catastrophically wrong then it doesn't really matter if you are on the Moon or Mars. :) ) But going back to the Moon isn't going to fire up the imagination of people. It's more of a been there, done that kind of thing. Will everyone around the world really stop everything and tune in for the next person to walk on the Moon? By the time a habitat is built and people start living on there it will have probably been done incrementally so that we won't even tune it. The first person to step on Mars will be one of those moments as will be the first person born off world.

      We need something new. Build a constellation of heliocentric satellites so that we can see the Sun from all sides, top, and bottom at all times. Granted that one is more aimed at the astronomers but I always thought it would be neat to do. Or every ten years launch a probe using the fastest propulsion technology to a nearby star. Sure it'll take forever to get there but it gets people thinking about science and their imagination going. We need something that is new, isn't incremental (which my Sun satellite idea is), and is doable in a generation at most but has real objects being produced in a couple.

    41. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by iwbcman · · Score: 1

      Not at all. The peak spending was a few years later (1966, if I recall), and it was around 2% of GDP. And that $150-200 billion is in current 2015 dollars rather than 1961 dollars (somewhere around $19-24 billion by CPI inflation which is near the GDP deflator-based inflation rate).

      And you got this little factoid from where? My guess is that such a figure is a calculated by taking the sum of appropriations earmarked by congress for NASA during the 1960's. My problem with this kind of economics 101 is that it totally misses what happened. And what happened is this: millions of high paying skilled jobs were created, millions got free(government funded) higher education, thousands of companies were created. This mass mobilization led to an incredible pace of technological advancement. Now was all of this specifically dedicated to the Apollo program, of course not, the "need" to murder millions of Vietnamese(thanks cold war, thanks capitalism vs. communism) also propelled military technologies, just as the need to crack WWII german encryption, and the need for calculations related to the making the first atomic bomb propelled the development of the first computers. Most of the high tech companies which came into existence during this time developed technologies which ended up being used by NASA and the military, and only much later general commercial markets(ie. consumer oriented technologies). Boeing engineers when building their rockets, were not divided between two groups one for NASA and one for the defense department, advances in one led to advances in the other.

      If you are a bit attentive you will probably notice that I am ascribing the same radical contingency to the Apollo program that I ascribe to technological advancement in general. Why? Because they are both human endeavors. And if you had ever spent anytime trying to inspire and mobilize people towards common goals you would understand why I insist on radical contingency. When you grasp how much failure is inherent in any mutual aspiration, you begin to appreciate, god forbid even discover wonder, when confronted with success. To pretend that such is inevitable is to take for granted that which is never simply given. And i haven't even begun to delve into how radical this contingency is, we are skimming along the surface, the ride is ever more fascinating the deeper you dig. This contingency, of which I now speak, is that of things in and of themselves,with which we struggled to yield the technological advances which actually occurred. Technological advancement is not merely a question of money or man power, but rather will the right material yield the right results, having been experimented with in the right way, with measuring tools that happen to measure the right characteristics which ultimately matter. A million monkeys will never produce Shakespeare by randomly hitting keyboards. How many times did the precursor to penicillin get washed away due to it being a mess and smelling before someone figured out that there was a whole world of antibiotics and the medical possibilities which that opened? The right person, with the right knowledge, in the right place at the right time. Now contemplate this applying to everything that exists. The world does indeed yield when we work together, rendering the impossible possible and the consequences of the world yielding has everything to do with the spirit in which we endeavor.

      On what planet do you live? In the real world technological advances are not deterministically inevitable, they are by their nature contingent, dependent on a myriad of factors happening to fall into place at the right time in the right way

      This is based on the fallacy of improbability. There is not one particular set of "myriad factors" that results in a computer industry or fiberglass insulation any more than there is one particular set of "myriad factors" that results in a car with a license plate in a parking space.

      Wrong. First off their is no "f

    42. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by dcw3 · · Score: 1

      And the obvious rebuttal is that these things would have happened anyway..

      Obvious to who? Just because you believe it, doesn't make it so. Where would the funding have come from? Do you believe the government would have just spent the cash on randomly developing this stuff, or private industry research would have? You attempt to trivialize these by calling them "slight contributions", and you're welcome to your opinion, but that's about all it is.

      --
      Just another day in Paradise
    43. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1
      I don't see anything here to rebut.

      Do you believe the government would have just spent the cash on randomly developing this stuff, or private industry research would have?

      Yes. This is a significant point to make here. NASA by funding this research for their own peculiar needs may have actually delayed the research by taking resources and staff away from more productive approaches!

    44. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1

      And you got this little factoid from where? My guess is that such a figure is a calculated by taking the sum of appropriations earmarked by congress for NASA during the 1960's. My problem with this kind of economics 101 is that it totally misses what happened. And what happened is this: millions of high paying skilled jobs were created, millions got free(government funded) higher education, thousands of companies were created. This mass mobilization led to an incredible pace of technological advancement. Now was all of this specifically dedicated to the Apollo program, of course not, the "need" to murder millions of Vietnamese(thanks cold war, thanks capitalism vs. communism) also propelled military technologies, just as the need to crack WWII german encryption, and the need for calculations related to the making the first atomic bomb propelled the development of the first computers. Most of the high tech companies which came into existence during this time developed technologies which ended up being used by NASA and the military, and only much later general commercial markets(ie. consumer oriented technologies). Boeing engineers when building their rockets, were not divided between two groups one for NASA and one for the defense department, advances in one led to advances in the other.

      So what? My point is that we would have a vast amount of job creation anyway. In fact, it might have been worse due to NASA misdirection of so much of US productivity during that time.

      Wrong. First off their is no "fallacy of improbability" at work in what I stated.

      This is why I quoted the problem section in question. The computer industry and fiberglass insulation don't need "a myriad of factors happening to fall into place at the right time in the right way". There are a variety of ways to get a computer industry and fiberglass insulation. There's plenty of room for error.

      Counter arguing that someone, somewhere else would have done it eventually is simply sophomoric.

      Why did I use the word sophmoric? Because you cannot make such an argument convincingly.

      So what? Your assertion is a variation of the tiger repellent rock. It's very hard to prove something would have happened anyway. That requires a control group. We don't have that luxury.

      I certainly won't argue that point. Just to put the record straight, the only value any space program has to me, personally, is measured in terms of that program's ability to inspire and mobilize large numbers of people working towards a common goal. Which is why in my estimation Elon Musk etc. are interesting but ineffectual. And frankly without such large scale inspiration and mobilization I am not sure what a space program is supposed to mean to me, other than the pretty pictures. I do not work in the aerospace industry, hence the only benefit I gain from such is tertiary technological advances, most of which I probably won't be aware of. However inspiring and mobilizing masses towards common goals, when not directed at annihilation of others, or self-annihilation, does indeed fascinate me. I guess I am not a space nutter, nor a science nutter, traveling through space(planets, stars, etc.), and the knowledge thereof, have no inherent value in my eyes. And frankly I am no longer convinced that any expenditure on NASA or such is warranted. If we would allow ourselves to dream, to launch gigantic programs, for no reason other than that we can, I would be the first in line, but name me one concrete specific thing like a moonbase or such and I quickly find myself asking what is the point.

      Burn as much money as you can. Just don't do anything useful with it!

    45. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by iwbcman · · Score: 1

      So what? My point is that we would have a vast amount of job creation anyway. In fact, it might have been worse due to NASA misdirection of so much of US productivity during that time.

      Undoubtedly. After all the population of US almost doubled during this period. Many new jobs would have been created. Small grammatical (Not! syntax) point: facts and "might have been"s don't mix well, given that facts occurred (factum est Not! data, which derives from datum, that which is given) and "might have been"s didn't. When parsing your sentence my bio-computer, stated simply "does not compute". I know it's just an expression, people say "in fact, it might have been X" all the time, but really such is rather illogical, there simply is nothing subjunctive about facts. Alas we will never know the answer to this.

      This is why I quoted the problem section in question. The computer industry and fiberglass insulation don't need "a myriad of factors happening to fall into place at the right time in the right way". There are a variety of ways to get a computer industry and fiberglass insulation. There's plenty of room for error.

      Could you name me a computer industry? I only know of one, it happens to span the world and several of the prominent corporations in the computer industry were founded in the wake of the Apollo Space program. I guess you might be referring to something like the japanese computer industry vs. the american computer industry, or do you mean that something like the Dell computer industry vs. the Hewlett-Packard computer industry? or microcomputer industry vs. mainframe computer industry? really not sure what you are referring to. Comparing the computer industry with fiberglass insulation is well kind of strange, they are both things, in a very broad sense, but such a comparison is worse than apples vs oranges, at least you can eat both of those. Is there anything that computer industries ((pl.) and "fiberglass insulation"';s (note: there is no plural form of insulation, nor fiberglass) have particularly in common which lends one to make such a comparison? My guess is that fiberglass refers to a specific thing with a specific composition, but I could be wrong, can you really make fiberglass out of totally different materials? I always thought of fiberglass insulation as a thing, in fact I think that thing has a name, "fiberglass insulation". I could be wrong, but if I'm not, would you care to elaborate on the different ways to a get a generic computer industry, or some alternative way to make insulation out of fiberglass, or make fiberglass differently? You may think I am being pedantic but I really have no idea what you mean when you say,"There are a variety of ways to get a computer industry and fiberglass insulation".

      So again there is one concrete thing in the world named "fiberglass insulation", and there is another concrete thing in the world which we call "the computer industry", both of which were developed according to the same contingency I have described previously. If you could give me one example of multiple computer industries, or one example of fiberglass insulation, which somehow is and is not fiberglass insulation, I might cede your point. But I have a sneaky suspicion that you can't, based primarily on the fact that there is no plural usage of computer industries( which are not simply names for specific countries and their computer industry history, or specific names of corporations or names identifying different types of computers) or fiberglass insulations/fiberglasses insulation in the english language, nor any other indo-european languages. Try it yourself: come up with a sentence where you say "computer industries", or "fiberglass insulations/fiberglasses insulation", I leave it as an exercise for you. Perhaps you really do believe a million monkeys banging on keyboards would eventually create Shakespeare, if so the ontological status of existence is reduced to mere statistical proba

    46. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by iwbcman · · Score: 1

      I like what you said, and I am actually with you in your sentiment, except for your first sentence. This. There is nothing deterministically inevitable about technological advancement. You(I, him, her, them, ie. it doesn't matter who) can't say (I am not trying to forbid the speech just pointing out that saying such is wrong):

      While many of the technologies that are being attributed to the Apollo missions (electronics, materials, etc) they would have eventually been made.

      6 months ago I would have been fine with "While many of the technologies that are being attributed to the Apollo missions (electronics, materials, etc) they probably would have eventually been made anyway", but now I can't even stomach that sentence. I guess the techno-determinism rampant on slashdot has finally driven me over the edge. "if we didn't do it, someone else would have", or "if we don't, then they will" as the ultimate cowardice in taking moral responsibility for the choices we make. I am fairly sure you don't mean any of that, but I fear I am developing an allergy to techno-determinism and I sneezed when I read your first sentence. Sorry for bothering you, you can safely ignore my little rant;)

    47. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1
      So you have this vague feeling I might be wrong somewhere.

      Could you name me a computer industry?

      In addition to dividing by country, you can divide by business or brand, by technological approach, by function or purpose, etc. Building IBM mainframes is a computer industry as is building hobby kit PC or memory cards in Taiwan. Just because you choose not to delineate further, doesn't mean I can't do so.

      My point is actually rather simple: the technological advances that did occur in the wake of Apollo program, would not have happened without the Apollo project.

      Which is just wrong. My point in this is that while there may have been some relatively novel ideas from the Apollo project, they aren't so novel that we wouldn't have thought of them otherwise. Computer and related industries are definitely not those relatively novel ideas. The computer industry had started the Moore's Law doubling before Apollo would become a factor. There was already massive innovation and technology development.

      How can I know that?

      You don't know anything here. You're wasting both our time with empty assertions. I at least can point to massive non-NASA related technology development happening before, during, and after NASA did its little thing. You're stuck with the NASA taint argument that a little funding from NASA mixed in with large amounts of funding from elsewhere was necessary to develop technologies.

      butterflies

      You can always kill more butterflies and change it again. But if we're trying to control a chaotic system rather than merely make random changes in it, the approach of Japan during the 50s to 70s was more effective than the approach of the US for the same time period.

      And let's face it. NASA is a huge expense for a butterfly. Once again, we're stuck with the problem of large cost for small benefit.

      But the inspiration and mass mobilization of millions of people, and the tremendous sums of money which flooded R&D in countless technologies occasioned a metric shitload of technological advancement which you and I are using right now to communicate with one another.

      Again, no evidence for your assertion. Meanwhile we have massive evidence that technological advancement happened before, during, and after Apollo which was unrelated to Apollo.

      A more nuanced understanding of causation understands that had I not slept with her(Mary), Tommy (you know the 6 year old red head) wouldn't be, I might have had a kid with Jill, but it could not have been Tommy.

      But you would have a kid either way. And if we look at 300 million people rather than one person, we're still going to see people with the same distributions of personality and other features. They'll still have the same problems. They'll still come up with the sorts of fixes.

      But yeah, you might just come back with "So what? same difference"

      Which isn't my fault.

    48. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by iwbcman · · Score: 1

      So you have this vague feeling I might be wrong somewhere.

      Nope. Nothing vague. But I will admit having this little back and forth has made a couple of things clear to me:

      1) I have a full fledged allergy to techno-determinism, and Slashdot being home for many many, many techno-determinists is causing my brain to sneaze, over and over again. Techno-determinism, which is a specific form of nonsense, truly challenges my brain, so much so that it may lead to involuntary brain farts.

      2) The price one pays to master a statistical grasp of the world, necessarily involves a break down in categorical thinking.I always thought that statisticians had to firmly grasp logic in order to do their work, but I now understand that it's only possible by suspending categorical thought, so a certain amount of illogicity seems to be built in. That's ok. There is a world unto statistics, a world revealed primarily to the statisticians eyes, but those eyes remain blind to that which is unique, precious, or novel, which again makes sense, but really makes me sad. Most specializations of knowledge are characterized by this two-edged sword: the enabling of the sight, delimits the range of what is seen. BTW my Achilles heal is nonsense.

      3) When I look for evidence of something I first look at language. This understanding of empirics, unfortunately puts me at odds with most of science, which understands empirics as experimentation. Experimentation enables reproduction(the objectivity of scientific experimentation lies in it's reproducibility ), but I don't need to reproduce that which has already been produced, language is pure evidence, and it's objectivity blows scientific objectivity out of the water. I have no problem imagining an infinite number of computer industries, as distinct things, unfortunately the need for such has occurred so rarely that no one ever bothered to give such a name, which might just indicate that there is no such thing. The only place one will encounter such are in silly nonsensical sentences uttered/written by modern logicians as a way of trivializing differences by comparing things which aren't comparable(the suspension of categorical thought, hence illogicity)[Poets do it to, but alas that difference is way beyond the scope of this writing]. Which is just downright disingenuous, and intellectually dishonest. It's the grown up version of kids fighting: "Your difference isn't a difference which makes a difference, but mine is, so there !" (tongue sticking out). Modern logicians, the illbegotten offspring of American analytical philosophy have performed a mind-fuck of 20th century thinkers, rendering them more functionally retarded than your average Athenian thinker 2,500 years ago. Progress my ass, that's regression. Just because one can, does not mean that one does. Just because one cannot, does not mean that one doesn't. Lot's of things that can happen, don't, ever. Lots of things that cannot happen, do, sometimes(what we call improbability, which really only means hard to prove! haha). You just can't name them, individually. The only 1-to-1 relationship between possibility and that which is, is that of nothingness.

      A few final notes:

      But you can't always kill more butterflies and try again. One butterfly made the difference. Which butterfly that was is irrelevant, but one cannot discern which butterfly was the one to make a difference. That's why you don't kill butterflies.

      Meanwhile we have massive evidence that technological advancement happened before, during, and after Apollo which was unrelated to Apollo.

      I never questioned that even once.

      But you would have a kid either way. And if we look at 300 million people rather than one person, we're still going to see people with the same distributions of personality and other features. They'll still have the same problems. They'll still come up with the sorts of fixes.

      I hear the rustling of leaves, where the salience of what was said just rushed past your ears, unheard. Not a difference which makes a difference, hence same difference, ie. indifference on your part. That's ok. It just makes me sad.

    49. Re:Um, it's pretty much over, dude by khallow · · Score: 1
      Some observations. First, you've done absolutely nothing in your latest post to further your argument. But let's look at the viable parts in more detail.

      I have a full fledged allergy to techno-determinism, and Slashdot being home for many many, many techno-determinists is causing my brain to sneaze, over and over again. Techno-determinism, which is a specific form of nonsense, truly challenges my brain, so much so that it may lead to involuntary brain farts.

      But you obviously don't have an aversion to cargo cults. To paraphrase, we build a giant, eyepoppingly expensive obelisk that flies and jerbs fall out of the sky like manna. This is deep in tiger repellent rock territory as I already noted. You already said that

      If we would allow ourselves to dream, to launch gigantic programs, for no reason other than that we can, I would be the first in line, but name me one concrete specific thing like a moonbase or such and I quickly find myself asking what is the point.

      Which is a viewpoint so opposed to rational thought that I'm not surprised you have since abandoned the latter.

      The price one pays to master a statistical grasp of the world, necessarily involves a break down in categorical thinking.

      You keep believing that. It's simply a deeper level of thought and rationality. As to point 3, it appears to be a philosophical analogue to mad cow disease with pointless diversions about language, poets, modern logician and ancient philosophers. Not interested unless you can some day make it relevant.

      But you can't always kill more butterflies and try again. One butterfly made the difference. Which butterfly that was is irrelevant, but one cannot discern which butterfly was the one to make a difference. That's why you don't kill butterflies.

      Let us note, you first assumed that the Apollo "butterfly" made things better. I've already enumerated most of my problems with that assertion, including my doubt that it actually helped. Diverting the efforts of hundreds of thousands of your best and brightest just to make a few very large rockets and land a few people on the Moon while vastly overpaying for the activity is not what I consider conducive to progress.

      Now, because of the unsustainability of Apollo, we haven't done anything like it since. We still have people obsessed about giant pointless acts of status signalling (the Space Launch System being the latest NASA-related example). We have growing numbers of people convinced that the Moon landings were faked (because why would the US do something and then not only stop doing it, but utterly fail to show the capacity to do it). We have little to show for it except vague and empty talk about how things would have been worse if we hadn't done it.

      Meanwhile we have massive evidence that technological advancement happened before, during, and after Apollo which was unrelated to Apollo.

      I never questioned that even once.

      The point is that this massive ongoing development, which had nothing to do with NASA, is the basis for my technodeterminism argument. When you have a vast sector of the US economy devoted to developing new technologies, then it is insulting to that legacy to divert responsibility to a minor perturbation from NASA spending.

      I hear the rustling of leaves, where the salience of what was said just rushed past your ears, unheard. Not a difference which makes a difference, hence same difference, ie. indifference on your part. That's ok. It just makes me sad.

      Comfort yourself with the delusion that I would disagree with you even if you had bothered to put forth a well reasoned and thought out argument. Just think of all the time you saved!

  2. Such as occurred in the 1960s by HuguesT · · Score: 2

    Quote:

    Observers of the current state of the space program like to maintain that a space race, such as occurred in the 1960s, will never happen again.

    Emphasis mine. The little race between Musk and Boeing is nice to watch, however in the 1960s we were watching a race between two superpowers with basically no holds barred.

    1. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by bobbied · · Score: 2

      Quote:

      Observers of the current state of the space program like to maintain that a space race, such as occurred in the 1960s, will never happen again.

      Emphasis mine. The little race between Musk and Boeing is nice to watch, however in the 1960s we were watching a race between two superpowers with basically no holds barred.

      Nor was any expense too much... Where they did try to stay within budget and keep it on schedule, it quite literally was forget the cost, make it work NOW!

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    2. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by JoeMerchant · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What % of GDP is being spent on today's races? Vs the 1960s?

      I think by that measure, the current space race is about an order of magnitude short of the one in the 1960s.

    3. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      More than that, the general public interest in either of the current space races is also an order of magnitude short.

    4. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by swell · · Score: 2

      "space race, such as occurred in the 1960s"

      The import of that all out effort was greater than Columbus discovering the New World, greater than most anything ever done by humans outside of war. It required masses of money, masses of brilliant scientists and engineers, vast numbers of sub contractors and a government and population that gave wholehearted support.

      And it was a death defying journey for crazy humans who were willing to risk it all for science. Do you see those elements in today's 'space race'?

      --
      ...omphaloskepsis often...
    5. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What a Space Nutter....

      " to risk it all for science" ... speechless.

    6. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by KGIII · · Score: 2

      I was a child then. I stayed up late and watched a man walk on the moon - the first man, even. It was awesome. If you weren't there then you missed out on something you can never recapture. While not at all the same, it's as momentous as things like 9/11 - it's etched on you, forever (it seems), where you were when you heard about it or, in this case, watched it. I can even describe my pajamas. I'll spare you the details but they had feet and they were awesome but not as awesome as man walking on the moon. I got astronaut pajamas after that.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    7. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by dataspel · · Score: 1

      I too remember the exact day. It was one of those defining moments.

    8. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      I remember it too, but I was a bit older. I remember that the video shown live was much clearer than the later recordings.

      This, by it's self, made it "worth it". The whole world saw it at the same time, and that was -also- a first for mankind! 8-)

      The reason that you think it did not cause other developments to happen, is that you think all of that amazing stuff is "normal" and always existed. 8-P

    9. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      What a Space Nutter....

      " to risk it all for science" ... speechless.

      If you don't have -something- to risk it all for, then your life will be dry and grey!

    10. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by KGIII · · Score: 1

      I hope that's a generic you and not a you that refers to me. ;-) No, I recognize that a lot happened because of space. I'm not sure where the revisionist history comes from but, as near as I can tell, it's some crazy Russian or something. They were twisting the NASA method into it being socialist even though, you know, NASA made jack shit and everything was contracted out to the lowest but best bidder. The strange part is that people were agreeing with the poster. :/ I don't get it.

      --
      "So long and thanks for all the fish."
    11. Re:Such as occurred in the 1960s by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      I hope that's a generic you and not a you that refers to me. ;-) ...

      Yes, that was a "generic you". sorry... 8-)

  3. Bull by penguinoid · · Score: 2

    There would have to be a lot more prize money involved before this would be comparable to the 1960s space race, maybe a trillion or so would do it.

    If you want a real space race, wait until we figure out robotic asteroid mining and space-based manufacturing.

    --
    Don't waste your vote! Vote for whoever you want, unless you live in a swing state it won't matter anyways
  4. Gone are the days.... by bobbied · · Score: 1

    Of spending money by governments in a competition to see who can do something first, without going bankrupt in the process..

    Sad too, because NASA has pretty much always been chump change compared to the rest of the federal budget, and of all the money we print and spend it actually had measurable benefits on the quality of life in the world.

    FUND NASA! Give them a goal, any goal, but make it a hard one and push them to succeed.... But alas, not going to happen any time soon.

    --
    "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    1. Re:Gone are the days.... by JoeMerchant · · Score: 1

      Goal: embarrass the most powerful nations on earth by doing things (with obvious military application) that they can't.

      Oops, already done that with straight military power. Guess we've got to stick with geopolitical strategy for energy use dominance, then.

    2. Re:Gone are the days.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      " Give them a goal, any goal, but make it a hard one and push them to succeed"

      A leisure society with minimum guaranteed standard of living for everyone on the planet. We have the resources and technology to do it.

      "We choose to do these things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard."

      Get to it!

  5. two space races? by turkeydance · · Score: 1

    can't we all just get along?

    1. Re:two space races? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I would like to start a THIRD space race with private funding. Its goal would be to leave a legacy of humanity on as many space bodies as possible. Sealed titanium tubes filled with photos, books, DNA, leaves, etc. that document Earth's humanity. Kind of like the gold records on the Voyager probes, but much richer and informative. Drop several on Mars, Mars' moons, Jupiter and Saturn's moons, asteroids, comets, etc. Make each unique. Get corporate and university sponsors. Hell, even make some Kardashian tubes if they will pay for them. If an intelligent species found our probes now, they would not learn anything about us. They only real thing is the penny on the Mars rover. Hurray for that, but lets go big. Think about 250,000 years in the future when mankind will probably be gone. Eventually the Earth will burn up as the Sun expands.

    2. Re:two space races? by Rei · · Score: 2

      Hell, even make some Kardashian tubes if they will pay for them.

      I'll contribute toward the goal of sealing up the Kardashians in tubes and firing them off to Mars.

      --
      The yellowcake is a lie.
    3. Re:two space races? by khallow · · Score: 1

      You can probably kickstart that assuming you get someone with a rep to back you.

  6. you have to admit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    the u.s. has saved a lot of money since they stopped pissing it away on the space shuttle. there is a chance the chinese will evolve through the required phase where engineers who actually know how to do something will be willing to work their asses off. I mean before they reach the corrupt as hell indian phase, where no astronaut would be willing to risk his life for some thieving shit that would get him killed on the first bribery attempt.
    Anyway, good luck catching up to where the U.S. was over 50 years ago, you contemptable urchins.

    1. Re:you have to admit by Rei · · Score: 1

      No, now the US is "pissing it away" on the SLS.

      --
      The yellowcake is a lie.
  7. This round of 'space race' happens because .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    ... Observers of the current state of the space program like to maintain that a space race, such as occurred in the 1960s, will never happen again. They cannot be farther from the truth, since not just one, but two space races are ...

    Anything to do with space cost money, A LOT OF MONEY, and space race were relegate to the national domain because only governments can go on printing money without fearing a lot of negative consequences

    Corporations of todays are as large - if not larger than - governments, and because of that, we have the modern day space races

    But they are not the same type of space race we used to have back in the '60s and '70s, because, unlike national programs, space races nowadays are programs looking to make some handsome returns --- ROI has become the defecto engine behind the current space races

    1. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      Most importantly, private space companies can take risks that governments cannot unless, like Apollo, the race can be construed as military.

    2. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How can companies that must make profits "take risks", while the government can not?

      Is there anything internally consistent in your narrative?

      " the race can be construed as military."

      And yet it was supposed to be about spinoffs and "risking it all for science". Can you Space Nutters even be consistent among yourselves?

      And if the commercial applications of space are so compelling, where are all your mighty capitalists taking risks? They had half a century so far, old man.

      Face it, you've been brainwashed by the space propaganda of the past, and the toxic vulture capitalist propaganda of today.

      You're a sick, sad, demented old man who's never done anything real in his life, you're just a programmer and you'll never, ever see the crazy space fantasies of your childhood become real.

      Ever.

    3. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by khallow · · Score: 2

      How can companies that must make profits "take risks", while the government can not?

      I'll just point out that the profit motive does encourage a degree of risk taking due to two factors, the risk premium which comes about as a result of varying risk tolerance among private parties some which are very conservative and some which routinely take lots of chances. As a result, there are less parties willing to engage in risky activities and hence, a premium builds up where the risky activity, even when accounting for the risk has a somewhat greater return on investment than a less risky activity. This premium actually runs counter to the community's tolerance for risk since a very conservative community would eschew risk more than a risk seeking community. Thus, there is an incentive to take risks which increases in private communities that are risk adverse.

      Second, risk taking tends to be a competitive advantage in the long run (assuming you avoid gambler's ruin) and relatively conservative organizations in a competitive market have to worry about losing market share and such.

      Meanwhile government bureaucracies don't have these mechanisms. For example, in a lot of the US agencies, an employee who keeps their head down and doesn't rock the boat probably will have a job for many decades even if they aren't particularly competent at it even if their department is a negative sum money sink. This tends to create a huge risk adverse culture which seeks to avoid things that get one fired, but not have much else for ambitions.

    4. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You mean "de facto". "Defecto" is a Space Nutter's brain.

    5. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by Pseudonymous+Powers · · Score: 1

      "Space nutter"? I have space mental illness, you insensitive clod! This is supposed to be a space safe space! You're space triggering me!

      In all seriousness, if you're going to go around yelling "space nutters" five times a day, you'd better at least be British.

    6. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by TWX · · Score: 1

      Meanwhile government bureaucracies don't have these mechanisms. For example, in a lot of the US agencies, an employee who keeps their head down and doesn't rock the boat probably will have a job for many decades even if they aren't particularly competent at it even if their department is a negative sum money sink. This tends to create a huge risk adverse culture which seeks to avoid things that get one fired, but not have much else for ambitions.

      So, which agency did you work for, where you have such extensive first-hand experience knowing how government agencies work?

      NASA took huge risks during the sixties. They strapped men into tiny capsules atop repurposed intercontinental ballistic missiles and shot them into space, after they subjected men to experiments in g-force, vacuum, microgravity, rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, and all sorts of other things. Apollo astronauts could not even qualify for life insurance, this stuff was so risky. Three astronauts died on the ground in what was retroactively named Apollo I in their honor.

      NASA was engaged in an arms race. It was a form of war preparation. Arms races will always compel nations to take risks. That's why the current X-prizes, while cool and valuable, do not compare. The sixties saw a push to achieve space no matter what the cost as it was perceived that our survival was dependent on it. Now, it's a matter of cost. We're trying to bring down the cost to achieve what we already achieved expensively.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    7. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by khallow · · Score: 1

      So, which agency did you work for, where you have such extensive first-hand experience knowing how government agencies work?

      I don't need it. Basically anything outside of the DOD is that way (the US military has a meritocracy approach that seems to work moderately well though it still has some trouble making fighting generals) and to get back on topic, NASA is that way.

      NASA took huge risks during the sixties. They strapped men into tiny capsules atop repurposed intercontinental ballistic missiles and shot them into space, after they subjected men to experiments in g-force, vacuum, microgravity, rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, and all sorts of other things. Apollo astronauts could not even qualify for life insurance, this stuff was so risky. Three astronauts died on the ground in what was retroactively named Apollo I in their honor.

      Too bad the 60s didn't stick around. We have since had the 70s, 80s, 90s, 00s, and are halfway through yet another decade.

    8. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by TWX · · Score: 1

      My point is that you're making an assertion without supporting it. In my experience, people screw-off and are just as inefficient in the private sector as they are in the public sector, or if they're seemingly more productive in the private sector then the hours they work and sacrifices in their personal lives often explain the extra productivity and the sometimes-extra salary.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    9. Re:This round of 'space race' happens because .. by khallow · · Score: 1

      My point is that you're making an assertion without supporting it.

      So what? It's true. We have people who do work in these departments posting on slashdot. We have people, including myself BTW, who have experience with the outcome of government agencies. I'm not going to pick up a deadend job with some bureaucracy just to win an argument on Slashdot.

      The thing I've noticed is that there's plenty of stories out there of epic, government waste, fraud, and apathy that simply aren't mirrored in the private world. Where's the corresponding examples in the private world? The private world is several times larger than the public world. There should be plenty of billion dollar or larger scale waste out there. Where is it?

  8. Conflict without nuclear war by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Apollo and the Soviet program had major institutional support because it was a safe proxy competition between US and USSR. If you could dock in space and land men on the moon, it makes it very clear that you have the technology to put warheads over Moscow and on every ship and otherwise effectively wage a technological global war.

    It demonstrated the capability without needing to have an actual war, and in that sense it was a successful deterrent. The bomb tests could proved that you had a working warhead, but Apollo could prove you had an integrated ground & space communication system & top level aerospace technology.

    And, many scientists & engineers are more motivated to do a good job and stretch for a moon landing than up-leveling thermonuclear war machines.

  9. How to tax payer fund $pace again by AHuxley · · Score: 1

    The US had the right idea back in the 1960's. Spend a lot of tax payers cash on land, the private sector, German experts who had found a new life in the USA no questions asked and finally creating some US experts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
    Lots of tax payers cash fixed all the issues and no more lemons.
    Try the Indian approach of never getting ahead of your nations own domestic production lines, education and science over generations. Never be totally dependant on other another nations experts or space related exports. Build to a cost, be smart and keep designing domestically.
    The UK tried with its buy in of US tech for its Skynet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... military communications satellites. All it was left with was an offer of a US export grade satellite after spending a lot on trying to catch up on space science. Decades of space science cannot be induced in a few years with extra funding.
    The US private sector is now stuck waiting for the lucrative funding from US military missions and trying to catch up with a lot of other smart nations who can offer cheap and reliable systems.
    Turn the certified to launch military payloads into a tax payer funded flood of cash for basic US science and engineering again. Rediscover metallurgy, acceleration profiles, the acoustic environment so the payloads are happy with US nosecones.
    Time to think about the dual manifested side?

    --
    Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  10. third race in progress by confused+one · · Score: 2

    There is a third race starting. It's moving very slowly but there has been investment in it. The race to mine asteroids. It will be a long while before we see any results and I expect a couple of failures. Perhaps spectacular ones. It'll be fun to watch anyway.

    1. Re:third race in progress by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The race to mine asteroids.

      Watching paint dry is racing now?

    2. Re:third race in progress by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      LOL... It's mind-boggling that anyone would believe someone will mine asteroids, let alone "race" for it.

      The spot price for iron ore is very low.

      http://www.barchart.com/futures/commodities/ITI

      There is no known machinery that will spend a year or more in a harsh environment, and will be able to mine on practically zero-gravity automatically and unsupervised, and bring back the same shitty rocks we already have here.

      For cheaper than what China can sell you, mind you.

      It's always programmers that have these ridiculous beliefs, they have no conception of how the real world functions.

      Oh I forgot, we'll be mining platinum from asteroids. You know, those chunks of pure platinum that are waiting for us in sheds on asteroids, all packaged and ready to go.

      No no, we'll be mining He3 from the Moon (how?) to power non-existent fusion reactors!

      Space is a religion for some people.

    3. Re: third race in progress by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      And yet, there appears to be a number of asteroids that are made up of valuable elements.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    4. Re:third race in progress by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      LOL... It's mind-boggling that anyone would believe someone will mine asteroids, let alone "race" for it. ...

      Sure, you could no more do that that fly to the moon!

      That was a common phrase when I was growing up, before the moon landings. Strange, it fell out of use after that... 8-)

    5. Re: third race in progress by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They're only "valuable" if you can, you know, GET THERE. Guess what? We're ALREADY standing on valuable elements!

      JUST DIG DEEPER.

    6. Re: third race in progress by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      and yet, things like Californium, and Rhodium would be well worth a robotic system being sent there to bring back a few tonnes of the elements.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  11. I think there is a whole other space race by Chrisq · · Score: 2

    India, China, and possibly Japan have a definite competition going on.

  12. Third current space race: 1st amateur in space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In Denmark, Copenhagen Suborbitals is working on sending a manned capsule above the 100km-line that has been defined as the "boundary of Space".

    After various disputes, one of the original founders left, and started his own program - www.raketmadsen.dk .

    Now Denmark has TWO competing manned space programs (none of them funded by government), and they both give me this crazy tingle "you know, they just might make it". They are taking quite different paths regarding development philosophy, technology and organizational structure, so it's REALLY interesting to watch. A privelige to be around :-)

    1. Re: Third current space race: 1st amateur in space by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Sorry to say, but x-prize already sent ameaturs into space.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  13. It's Veteran's Day, not April Fools! by dcw3 · · Score: 2

    Observers of the current state of the space program like to maintain that a space race, such as occurred in the 1960s, will never happen again. They cannot be farther from the truth...

    If you believe this is anywhere close to the '60s space race, you weren't alive back then. The only ways this even resembles that is that there are two sides and the word space.

    --
    Just another day in Paradise
    1. Re:It's Veteran's Day, not April Fools! by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      Bingo. This article is pants.

    2. Re: It's Veteran's Day, not April Fools! by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Well, Whittington is an idiot that was hired to bash Obama. Few of his articles have a thing to do with what is really going on in space. For that, go to NASA space forum, or parabolic arc.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  14. Relative costs... by lucien86 · · Score: 1

    Apollo in the 1960's cost over $25 billion - a lot of money..

    The Vietnam war at the same time cost $125 billion and took 50,000 American lives and over 3 million Vietnamese lives..

    The US nuclear weapons program at the same time consumed roughly $150 billion to over $300 billion. (extrapolated from available figures..)

    So in the 1960's the US spent on defence at a rate of some 10:1 to 20:1 on defence compared to Apollo.
    Also every 1 dollar spent on Apollo eventually returned roughly 2 dollars to the US economy..

    Conclusion Apollo was cheap. - We need another space race.

    --
    Below the speed of light Special Relativity is one of the most accurate theories in physics - above the speed of light..