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Scientists Turn Gold Into Foam That's Nearly As Light As Air (www.ethz.ch)

Zothecula writes: Along with its use in jewelry, gold also has numerous applications in fields such as electronics and scientific research. It's a handy material, but – of course – it's also expensive. That's why researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new way of making a small amount of gold go a long way. They've created a gold foam that looks much like solid gold, but is actually 98 parts air and two parts solid material (abstract). As an added bonus, the aerogel-type foam can also be made in non-gold colors such as dark red.

70 comments

  1. Soo... Aerogel? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I guess its novel to use the method with gold, but the idea is more then 100yrs old.

    1. Re:Soo... Aerogel? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      The idea of creating a material that is mostly air isn't particularly impressive. The technique of actually doing it is where it gets clever, and the technique used here to make this gold foam is not the same as the techniques used to create the familiar aerogels. FTA:

      "The method chosen, in which the gold particles are crystallised directly during manufacture of the aerogel protein structure (and not, for example, added to an existing scaffold) is new. The method's biggest advantage is that it makes it easy to obtain a homogeneous gold aerogel, perfectly mimicking gold alloys."

    2. Re:Soo... Aerogel? by gstoddart · · Score: 1

      I guess its novel to use the method with gold, but the idea is more then 100yrs old.

      You DO realize that TFS even mentions aerogel, right? And that it's mentioned like 5 times in TFA?

      NOBODY is claiming this is a 100% new idea, they're saying they've managed to do it with gold, and that they can influence the color based on how they do some of the steps.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    3. Re:Soo... Aerogel? by avandesande · · Score: 1

      I wonder heavy metal foams would be a good lightweight radiation shield? At first blush you would think it is weight/density dependent but if you have to wonder if radiation aligns itself with the 'holes' between the atoms.

      --
      love is just extroverted narcissism
    4. Re:Soo... Aerogel? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 3, Interesting

      This stuff is very different from Aerogel. I bought some Aerogel on eBay for my daughter's science project. Aerogel is very rigid and fragile. It can fracture just from normal handling. According to TFA, this gold foam is malleable, and can be bent and shaped by hand. That would make it very different from old fashioned Aerogel, and suitable for different applications. Supposedly, Aerographene is also elastic.

    5. Re:Soo... Aerogel? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They've been doing that with gold since the early days of stained glass. Gold, in nano-scale, reflects light differently. They just didn't know why gold made red and guarded knowledge of this in the guilds. Silver can be made yellow.

    6. Re:Soo... Aerogel? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The link you provided says they can make Aerographene on the scale of cubic meters. It also says it is made of carbon nanotubes on the inside. Does that mean it's strong enough that you could stick it in a vacuum, deposit a layer of metal (maybe aluminum or similar) on the outside and take it out of the vacuum to have a lighter-than-air blimp component that would be less demanding on power than a hot air balloon and less fragile than a helium blimp?

  2. New Plan by SuperKendall · · Score: 2

    Step 1) Turn gold into foam.
    Step 2) Make gold look red.
    Step 3)....
    Step 4) Loss!

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
  3. Hmmm ... non-gold gold by gstoddart · · Score: 3, Funny

    I think the market is under-served by not having non-gold gold.

    The implications for the hip-hop and gold-tooth industries are staggering, as suddenly bling is no longer confined to being gold, but can be other non-gold colors.

    People have been saying for years that gold should come in other colors, as gold was just too damned boring.

    When asked if creating non-gold gold would create confusion among buyers of gold, as well as creating higher change of fraud due to non-gold-gold gold being produced to be represented as non-gold gold, representatives declined comment citing they were not authorized to speculate on such drivel.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    1. Re:Hmmm ... non-gold gold by Flavianoep · · Score: 1

      There are other colors of gold already, see Colored gold. However, any color of gold has been inevitably goldish.

      --
      Linux is for people who don't mind RTFM.
    2. Re:Hmmm ... non-gold gold by gstoddart · · Score: 0

      LOL ... you know, the fact that I ended my post with the words "such drivel" was intended to telegraph the whooshiness of what I posted.

      Instead, allow me to present you with your very own: whoosh.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    3. Re:Hmmm ... non-gold gold by cfalcon · · Score: 1

      p.sure most comments browse with a filter of 'head -n 3'

    4. Re:Hmmm ... non-gold gold by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Slashdot without the trolling is like... watching mainstream media or something.

  4. we're golden by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    i suppose i have to look into this whole "gold" business but as far as i can tell it is a rather harmless material with mostly archaic and sentimental values.
    i would bet that it was even THE first metal to be close to the very first fires made by the monkeys who were crying around the tree/home that was struck by lightning ...
    anyway they quickly moved on to throwing other rocks into the fire to see if it might yield something stronger and more lighter and useful to chop down homes ..errr ... trees to keep the fire and experimenting going ^_^

    1. Re:we're golden by mikael · · Score: 1

      The first metals known to humans came from meteorites falling to earth, and droplets of mercury that were seen running out of stones as they were heated. So it would have been an easy assumption that heating rocks produces metals.

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
  5. Archimedes would know the difference... by TheSwift · · Score: 1
    He'd weigh it before he put it in water and see how much it displaces. Nice try, Zurich.

    Nonetheless, that's actually pretty neat.

    --
    "With patience a ruler may be persuaded, and a soft tongue will break a bone."
    1. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by SuricouRaven · · Score: 1

      Until someone works out that you can balance out your forgery by sticking a lump of iron in the middle, of properly calculated mass.

    2. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by TheSwift · · Score: 1

      He must have gambled that most con-men trying to curry favor with the king aren't quite so clever.

      --
      "With patience a ruler may be persuaded, and a soft tongue will break a bone."
    3. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by mark-t · · Score: 3, Informative

      Nope.... Iron is less dense than gold. It wouldn't weigh enough. In fact, that was how Archimedes detected the forgery.

    4. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Until someone works out that you can balance out your forgery by sticking a lump of iron in the middle, of properly calculated mass.

      Until someone RTFA to see that it is soft and malleable by hand, unlike actual gold.

    5. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by ClickOnThis · · Score: 2, Informative

      Nope.... Iron is less dense than gold. It wouldn't weigh enough. In fact, that was how Archimedes detected the forgery.

      Color mark-t Informative.

      Iron has a density of 7.87 g/cm^3, whereas gold has a density of 19.32 g/cm^2.

      --
      If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
    6. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by mark-t · · Score: 2

      Not arguing with you, but it's worth noting that pure gold is actually quite easy to bend by hand... while I wouldn't say it's necessarily "soft", it's surprisingly easy to warp the shape of something made of pure gold with just finger pressure without even necessarily trying.

    7. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by ArylAkamov · · Score: 2

      I believe you are thinking of tungsten, which is much closer to the density of gold and has been found more than a few times in the center of "gold" bars.

    8. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by ClickOnThis · · Score: 1

      Iron has a density of 7.87 g/cm^3, whereas gold has a density of 19.32 g/cm^3.

      Typo fix is obvious, but providing it anyway.

      --
      If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
    9. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by RockDoctor · · Score: 1
      ... which is why all good gold forgers use uranium, platinum, or osmium to substitute for the gold.

      Oh, hang on. Damn.

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
    10. Re:Archimedes would know the difference... by tehcyder · · Score: 1

      Nope.... Iron is less dense than gold. It wouldn't weigh enough. In fact, that was how Archimedes detected the forgery.

      Color mark-t Informative.

      Iron has a density of 7.87 g/cm^3, whereas gold has a density of 19.32 g/cm^2.

      Well, duh, you'd just use two and a half times as much iron then.

      --
      To have a right to do a thing is not at all the same as to be right in doing it
  6. Which is lighter? by PortHaven · · Score: 1

    A pound of gold or a pound of feathers?

    1. Re:Which is lighter? by TheSwift · · Score: 1

      Trick question - in certain parts of rural England feathers are dirt cheap and a pound's worth will yield far more grams than gold which has a relatively constant value regardless of geography.

      --
      "With patience a ruler may be persuaded, and a soft tongue will break a bone."
    2. Re:Which is lighter? by U2xhc2hkb3QgU3Vja3M · · Score: 1

      A duck! - King Arthur

    3. Re:Which is lighter? by king+neckbeard · · Score: 3, Informative

      A pound of gold. A pound of gold would be 12 troy ounces, which totals to a little bit less than the 16 avoirdupois ounces that would make up a pound of feathers.

      --
      This is my signature. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
    4. Re:Which is lighter? by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 0

      Trick question - in certain parts of rural England feathers are dirt cheap and a pound's worth will yield far more grams than gold which has a relatively constant value regardless of geography.

      I don't think the question allows for arbitrage.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    5. Re:Which is lighter? by guestapoo · · Score: 1

      A pound of gold is higher density than a pound of feathers, so it has smaller volume.
      If we weigh those two in normal environment, then there's smaller buoyancy force affects on a pound of gold than a pound of feathers.
      So, assume that there is no atmosphere, 'a pound' of gold is, now, lighter than 'a pound' of feathers.

    6. Re: Which is lighter? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't think you understand arbitrage, nor the correctness of that answer, nor its humor.

    7. Re: Which is lighter? by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 1

      I don't think you understood the humour inherent in my arbitrage answer.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    8. Re: Which is lighter? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't think you understood the humour inherent in my arbitrage answer.

      I think you are correct. What is the humor?

    9. Re: Which is lighter? by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 1

      I don't think you understood the humour inherent in my arbitrage answer.

      I think you are correct. What is the humor?

      Evil birds growing their feathers where feathers are cheap, then employing arbitrage by flying to where they are more expensive.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
  7. Conductivity? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Does the conductivity change?

    1. Re:Conductivity? by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 1

      Does the conductivity change?

      Yes.

      Next.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
  8. Typical world bank conspiracy by thegarbz · · Score: 1

    If the same scientists used bitcoin the final material would have been 100% hot air.

    Stop thinking gold is a suitable alternative!

    1. Re:Typical world bank conspiracy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, but can it be made with 3D printers and delivered by drones?

    2. Re:Typical world bank conspiracy by U2xhc2hkb3QgU3Vja3M · · Score: 1

      As long as the 3D printers are controlled by Arduino and the drones are controlled by Raspberry Pi.

    3. Re:Typical world bank conspiracy by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      And the drones are piloted by Uber drivers. On Mars.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
  9. This is going to be AWESOME! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Now I can buy a gold clock, massive gold chains, and wear it like I'm black around my neck, and it will weigh next to nothing. But I'll look so gangsta. All the other niggas will be wanting to pop a cap in my head to steal my bling. :)

  10. Neat Scam Idea. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Make items with a core of some heavy base metal. Cover with a fairly thick layer of this stuff. Sell as a solid gold item. Since it's not just a plating scratch tests won't wear through to the base metal.

    1. Re:Neat Scam Idea. by Razed+By+TV · · Score: 1

      At 98% air you can crush it by hand. It would probably come off in chunks if you tried to scratch it.

    2. Re:Neat Scam Idea. by PPH · · Score: 1

      Federal Reserve, plz go.

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
  11. Nearly as light as air? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    density of gold: 11,340 kg/m^3
    density of air: 1.225 kg/m^3
    the solid 2% of the material contain 80% gold
    (ignoring vol% vs mass% because the article doesn't say which)
    11,340 * 0.02 * 0.8 = 181.44
    So the material should have a density of > 180 kg/m^3. That's still two orders of magnitude above the density of air.

    1. Re:Nearly as light as air? by matfud · · Score: 1

      About the density of balsa wood

    2. Re:Nearly as light as air? by kencurry · · Score: 1

      dear AC,
      Your gold density is wrong.
      Sincerely,
      Chem. prof. (now quit slacking off!)

      --
      sigs are for losers (except to point out that sigs are for losers)
    3. Re:Nearly as light as air? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is some heavy air if it weighs a kilo for 1m^3. Is that highly pressurized air?

    4. Re:Nearly as light as air? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Gold density = 19.32 grams/cm^3. Therefore it is 19,320 kg/m^3.

  12. Great by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Another way for QVC to rip off old folks.

  13. Turn gold into foam? Pffft... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And once again, they've got it all backwards! I mean, if they could turn foam into gold... that'd be nice trick!

  14. Reverse-Alchemy! by wardrich86 · · Score: 1

    I think somebody was a bit drunk when reading the basics of Alchemy...

  15. Muppet Labs - Where the future is being made today by mccalli · · Score: 1

    Pah. Doctor Bunsen Honeydew and Beaker were decades ahead of them - gold into foam? Useless! Try gold into cottage cheese - low in cholesterol, high in vitamins...

  16. Usage? by Pallas+Athena · · Score: 1

    Nice feat, but does this also have a practical usage, or is this a purely academic exercise? From the article: 'But in contrast to its conventional form, it is soft and malleable by hand' - so not quite usable for jewelry. Where gold is used for its conductivity, it is mostly used as plating, not as solid or foamy object. So ... what am I missing?

    1. Re:Usage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I didn't see thermal conductivity mentioned but perhaps it could be used as a type non-chemically reactive heat sink. Could it work better for cosmic ray shielding? The lunar modules used gold Kapton foil. Perhaps the method used to create this could also be used with copper.

    2. Re:Usage? by RockDoctor · · Score: 1

      From the article: 'But in contrast to its conventional form, it is soft and malleable by hand' - so not quite usable for jewelry

      That depends on what sort of jewellery you're using it for.

      While I wouldn't claim to be a jeweller, I have probably made more items of jewellery then the other hundred people on this boat, and repaired a number more. I could certainly envisage using, for example, the red form as the centre piece for a pendant, with (say) alternating "rays" of gold and silver sheet (or gold rays laid over a silver foil base) to represent a sunburst.

      That's without the intrinsic interest (well - to a chemist and mineralogist) of these essentially different allotropes of the metal.

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
  17. New tricks for crooks by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    "Sarge, we couldn't find any contraband on the smugglers. They are only exporting pillows this time."

  18. Re:Gold into foam you say? by davester666 · · Score: 1

    This will make it even more profitable to salt mines before leading "investors" through...

    --
    Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
  19. Deep sea applications by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The part where it slowly condenses into a solid material the greater pressure builds has be intrigued how this could be used for deep sea exploration where the deeper you go the more air tight and stable the structure becomes.

  20. transparent aluminum next? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  21. PATRIARCHY!111 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    All I ever see is sexism on this webpage

    Where is the articles about women discovering/inventing stuff?
    We spend billions to get women into STEM and not a single story about a woman inventing/discovering ANYTHING?

  22. Opposite Effect by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 5, Informative

    Actually if radiation is aligned with a crystal lattice it interacts even more with the material and the radiation length (the distance travelled before 1/e of the particles interact on average) gets shorter. However this only happens if the radiation is aligned to within a few milli-radians of the symmetry axis of the crystal (and most metal you encounter is not a single crystal). I actually measured this effect as part of my PhD thesis for an application in the main particle physics experiment I was working on.

    So no, this material will probably be no more effective than the same mass of gold in a thin, but solid, sheet. Radiation shielding with matter is a statistical affair and the fewer nuclei you have the less shielding you get. I'm also surprised that they suggest a use in jewelry since they also describe it as easily malleable, far more so than solid gold. Still it is interesting.

    1. Re:Opposite Effect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      clowns are crazy, eh? the white makeup is an oxide meant to shield from radiation! someone tried to be safe in another century and it is what it got... lots of laughter and mockery! I for my part consider graphite (dirt) and wax (body lard...) may be more effective to the effect! go figure out the homeless, eh? XD

  23. Putting the tender in legal tender by SleepyHappyDoc · · Score: 1

    I wonder if they will accept it for purchases at Dairy Queen.

    --
    Stasis is death. Embrace change.
  24. Child's play by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Pah, I can do way better. If you send me a bar of 24k gold, I will return to you a mason jar filled with a gold foam that is so thin and light you can't even see it...