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New Type of 'Flow Battery' Can Store 10 Times the Energy of the Next Best Device (sciencemag.org)

sciencehabit writes: Industrial-scale batteries, known as flow batteries, could one day usher in widespread use of renewable energy—but only if the devices can store large amounts of energy cheaply and feed it to the grid when the sun isn't shining and the winds are calm. That's something conventional flow batteries can't do. Now, researchers report that they've created a novel type of flow battery that uses lithium ion technology—the sort used to power laptops—to store about 10 times as much energy as the most common flow batteries on the market. With a few improvements, the new batteries could make a major impact on the way we store and deliver energy. The research, from the National University of Singapore, has one big flaw in particular: speed. It's 'very innovative' work, says Michael Aziz, a flow battery expert at Harvard University. But he adds that even though the novel battery has a high energy density, the rate at which it delivers that power is 10,000 times slower than conventional flow batteries, far too slow for most applications. Wang and his colleagues acknowledge the limitation, but they say they should be able to improve the delivery rate with further improvements to the membrane and the charge-ferrying redox mediators.

75 comments

  1. battery vs capacitor by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When does the battery become capacitor?

    What's the difference here?

    1. Re:battery vs capacitor by kenai_alpenglow · · Score: 3, Informative

      storage of energy in a field vs storage of energy in a chemical potential.

    2. Re:battery vs capacitor by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 4, Insightful

      When does the battery become capacitor?

      When the voltage across it is directly proportional to percentage of charge.

      And they already did, many years ago. That's what "supercapacitors" are: Electrochemical cells where the charge is stored by migrating, but not ionization-state-changing, ions in a solution (rather than by migrating electrons within two conductors (one metal, the other metal or conductive liquid) separated by an insulator, as in a conventional or electrolytic capacitor, or ionization-state-changing ions in the cells of a conventional battery,where the voltage only changes slightly with state of charge until nearly full discharge.

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    3. Re:battery vs capacitor by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Syntax error, insert ")" to complete Expression

    4. Re:battery vs capacitor by mlts · · Score: 1

      A capacitor stores electricity in a physical form. A battery stores it in chemical form. Capacitors can store energy a lot faster, but have a fraction of the energy per cubic unit volume that a battery does. However, a capacitor can charge and discharge extremely quickly, allowing them to be used to smooth out rectified A/C, for example.

  2. Better use a lemon by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 0

    A typical li-ion battery produces ~10Wh. 10000 times less, means 1 mWh. This is roughly what a lemon can produce.

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    1. Re:Better use a lemon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      less than conventional flow batteries.

      and I assume that the Wh is huge, just can't get very many instantaneous W

    2. Re:Better use a lemon by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      A typical li-ion battery produces ~10Wh. 10000 times less, means 1 mWh. This is roughly what a lemon can produce.

      Get your entities/units right. Wh is a measure of energy - in a battery that's storage capacity - something these batteries are supposedly good (10x better) at.

      The issue with them is power delivery, which is measured in Watts (or expressed in current at a given voltage, as power=current x voltage) .

      Oblig. car analogy: this new battery has a larger fuel tank, but the fuel line to the engine is much smaller.

    3. Re: Better use a lemon by finlan · · Score: 1

      Thank you. Your analogy explained it to me.

    4. Re:Better use a lemon by Anonymous+Cow+Ward · · Score: 1

      But can you recharge a lemon? I'm actually curious, that would be interesting.

      --
      Examine even your most deeply held beliefs. Nobody is always right.
    5. Re:Better use a lemon by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

      Ok, the 'h' is wrong... fyi (typically my mistake! studied that a loong time ago)

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    6. Re:Better use a lemon by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

      No. Usually, when the lemon starts to get down to power tireness, people just change it, with another new, fresh and yellow lemon. You may find lemon stations in most supermarkets (I heard they have some at wallmart)

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    7. Re:Better use a lemon by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 1

      I have no idea. But you could try to reverse bias a dead lemon equipped with the appropriate electrodes and see if it charges up.

      This is something you can test for yourself. Just save the limes for garnishing gin.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    8. Re:Better use a lemon by cyberchondriac · · Score: 1

      Obligatory:

      “When life gives you lemons, don't make lemonade. Make life take the lemons back! Get mad! I don't want your damn lemons, what the hell am I supposed to do with these?
      Demand to see life's manager! Make life rue the day it thought it could give Cave Johnson lemons!
      Do you know who I am? I'm the man who's gonna burn your house down! With the lemons! I'm gonna get my engineers to invent a combustible lemon that burns your house down!”

      --

      Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
    9. Re:Better use a lemon by Anonymous+Cow+Ward · · Score: 1

      Nice! Cave Johnson had some excellent lines.

      --
      Examine even your most deeply held beliefs. Nobody is always right.
    10. Re:Better use a lemon by RockDoctor · · Score: 1

      There was a video file of (IIRC) HP technicians using a lemon as an incandescent lamp doing the rounds years before YouTube came into existence. Years pre-Slashdot, even!

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
  3. Just more marketing by the Kotex Company by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Enough already!

  4. Redox Mediator by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Interesting that the summary explains what a lithium-ion battery is but assumes I know what a charge ferrying redox mediator is. I'm obviously a bit out of touch.

    1. Re:Redox Mediator by arth1 · · Score: 1

      To me, it looks like the summary was made by Google Translate, and then touched up by a Dice employee.

    2. Re: Redox Mediator by finlan · · Score: 2, Funny

      The Ferry Redox Mediator was the band member who used break up fights in Roxy Music.

    3. Re:Redox Mediator by clovis · · Score: 1

      Interesting that the summary explains what a lithium-ion battery is but assumes I know what a charge ferrying redox mediator is. I'm obviously a bit out of touch.

      It's a pleonasm if you ask me.

      BTW, here's the actual article.
      http://advances.sciencemag.org...

    4. Re: Redox Mediator by TechyImmigrant · · Score: 1

      The Ferry Redox Mediator was the band member who used break up fights in Roxy Music.

      Wrong band. You're thinking of Redoxy Music.

      --
      I should use this sig to advertise my book ISBN-13 : 978-1501515132.
    5. Re:Redox Mediator by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The editor explained the term he understood, not touching one he had no clue about ;)

    6. Re: Redox Mediator by goose-incarnated · · Score: 1

      The Ferry Redox Mediator was the band member who used break up fights in Roxy Music.

      Wrong band. You're thinking of Redoxy Music.

      Redoxy Music did not have Ferry as the lead singer, Roxy music did ;)

      --
      I'm a minority race. Save your vitriol for white people.
  5. The HELL they can't! by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 3, Interesting

    That's something conventional flow batteries can't do.hat's something conventional flow batteries can't do.

    The hell they can't. Industrial-scale Vanadium Redox flow batteries are doing that right now, in utility companies, and have been for a couple years. (In New Zeeland, if I recall correctly.)

    I think the reason they're not more widely used already is that they're under patent protection, the company is small, and its owners don't want to license the technology or dilute their equity, so the supply is limited to their ramp-up and funding sources.

    --
    Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
    1. Re:The HELL they can't! by Orne · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Being in the industry, the reason I was given was (1) the electrolyte is very expensive right now and (2) investors need a demonstration of return. The flow devices scale much better than Lithium batteries, store more energy, and can discharge over longer periods of time. This makes them eligible for capacity markets, but we are coincidentally in a period of over-supply in the energy markets, so capacity clearing prices are not supporting their cost of entry. Secondly, as a storage device, they need to arbitrage the energy prices, charge at low prices and discharge at high prices.

    2. Re:The HELL they can't! by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

      Being in the industry, the reason I was given was (1) the electrolyte is very expensive right now

      Vanadium pentoxide (98% pure was about $6/lb and falling as of early Oct and hasn't been above $14 in years) and sulphuric acid?

      and (2) investors need a demonstration of return.

      Always the bottom line. B-)

      --
      Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  6. Really? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Michael Aziz.... developing batteries?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lw1vScK-o7U

  7. Slashdot is so over. How does that get modded up? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm not even going to correct that trainwreck of a comment. There isn't a stretch of 5 consecutive words in it that is not wrong in some way. And it gets modded up.

  8. Improving the charge-ferrying redox mediators by c++ · · Score: 5, Funny

    All they have to do is use the optical plasma inductor to take advantage of the phased interface phenomenon.

    1. Re:Improving the charge-ferrying redox mediators by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I never thought I'd see a resonance cascade, let alone create one...

    2. Re:Improving the charge-ferrying redox mediators by gestalt_n_pepper · · Score: 1

      And reverse the polarity on the [technobabble] to break it free of the big scary thing.

      --
      Please do not read this sig. Thank you.
    3. Re:Improving the charge-ferrying redox mediators by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      These types of comments are funniest when you imagine scotty shouting them over engine noises and photon torpedo impacts.

    4. Re:Improving the charge-ferrying redox mediators by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 2

      No, not that complicated. Just have to trachyons through the flux capacitor to emit metachlorians, to produce a grand conjuction from three different space-time metaverses .

      --
      sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    5. Re:Improving the charge-ferrying redox mediators by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, but have they solved the fat electron problem?

    6. Re:Improving the charge-ferrying redox mediators by cyberchondriac · · Score: 1

      Then reroute it through the deflector dish.

      --

      Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
  9. TYpical press release by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    My guess this is simply a typical university press release issued to drum up further financial support and demonstrate that the professors and grad students are not completely wasting their time. Not that I object, I just wouldn't take it too seriously. Remember most reseach leads nowhere.

    1. Re: TYpical press release by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ding ding ding... Full if vague "possibilities" that are due to problems x, y, and z...oh, but don't worry, give us more money and uhm...we might fix them.

    2. Re: TYpical press release by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, if you do no research, then I guarantee that you will get nothing new in the end.

  10. Lithium Ion? by Dereck1701 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    They chose one of the more expensive commercially available battery technologies for their flow battery? Next I expect them to try to integrate 2 carat diamonds into Lowes brand light fixtures to try to improve their light distribution. The point of an industrial flow battery is storing energy as cheaply as possible, energy density is one of the last considerations. There are of course limitations, but given the choice between something the size of a cargo container with rare earth materials running through it that costs $1 Million dollars or something the size of a grain silo full of cheap and non-toxic compounds for $100,000 the latter is preferable for most applications.

    1. Re:Lithium Ion? by Wycliffe · · Score: 2, Insightful

      They chose one of the more expensive commercially available battery technologies for their flow battery?

      It's still a useful milestone. If you can up the theoretical limit with exotic materials then you can study it and try to replicate it with less exotic materials. Many of our advances in a variety of areas like semiconductors, batteries, superconductors, and a large host of other areas started out with exotics before figuring out how to replicate it with cheaper components. Granted your second argument is valid where with the exception of cars and mobile devices, energy density is usually not a huge concern, it's still nice to know what is possible and with a 10x density increase, the exotics have to be at least 10x more expensive for them not to be competitive.

    2. Re: Lithium Ion? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except the press release was only about that. Hence it's a slashvertisement that's trivially obvious. In the words of higher math books everywhere, the proof is routine

    3. Re:Lithium Ion? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      They chose one of the more expensive commercially available battery technologies for their flow battery?

      No. It is not more expensive, it is cheaper. Most existing flow batteries are vanadium redox. Vanadium is about $40/kg. Lithium costs about double that, but it has much higher energy density, so it is cheaper per unit of energy stored.

    4. Re:Lithium Ion? by hey! · · Score: 2

      This might be just the thing to keep your solar-powered lunar instrument running for half the month.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    5. Re:Lithium Ion? by clovis · · Score: 1

      They chose one of the more expensive commercially available battery technologies for their flow battery?

      No. It is not more expensive, it is cheaper. Most existing flow batteries are vanadium redox. Vanadium is about $40/kg. Lithium costs about double that, but it has much higher energy density, so it is cheaper per unit of energy stored.

      Yep, and that is because what you are interested in for a flow battery is the number of $/mole, not the $/kg.
      This is roughly proportional (by Avogadro's number) to $/electron
      Vanadium atomic mass ~ 51. A kg would be about 20 moles, so at $40/kg the price is $2/mole
      Lithium atomic mass ~ 7. A kg would be about 143 moles, so at $80/kg Lithium is $0.56/mole

    6. Re:Lithium Ion? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, what you're looking for is $/Joule.

      Otherwise potato battery storage would be the bomb, with ~55 mols in kg, $0.15/kg in bulk, $0.002/mole

      Since you can store much more energy using a kilogram of Lithium than using a kilogram of vanadium, the new tech is more cost-efficient.

  11. This is Slashdot by chispito · · Score: 1

    You can't swing a dead cat around here without hitting three stories about battery breakthroughs.

    --
    The Daddy casts sleep on the Baby. The Baby resists!
    1. Re:This is Slashdot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is hopeful though. A battery breakthrough has to have a lot of items:

      1: Fairly stable. Lithium batteries got a bad rep for catching fire when punched open.
      2: Energy density close to gasoline (perhaps 1/10 of it.)
      3: Easy to mass produce.
      4: Fairly idiot resistant. There will be YouTube videos of the battery getting set afire, shot with a .50 cal, shorted, or all three at the same time.

      If it does pass those tests, it would definitely be a game changer. Transportation comes to mind. If batteries started having 500-1000 miles of driving distance, range anxiety would be less of an issue, and electric vehicle use would soar.

  12. Revolutionary summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The advantages AND disadvantages of something in the same summary! The submitter must be hailed with all due honors of a true Slashdot hero!!!!

  13. My bet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Nothing will come out of this. In a few months time nobody will remember it. It will have no impact whatsoever on the big picture. Come on, prove me wrong. Who wants to bet against me?

    1. Re:My bet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Until another battery story comes out like they have now since forever and NOTHING ever comes from them

    2. Re:My bet by Falos · · Score: 1

      > who wants to bet it won't pan out?
      https://xkcd.com/955/

  14. Re:Slashdot is so over. How does that get modded u by binarylarry · · Score: 1

    Lemon hater!

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    Mod me down, my New Earth Global Warmingist friends!
  15. 81% of the energy density of gasoline? by gestalt_n_pepper · · Score: 2

    Color me skeptical. I'll believe it when I see it in commercial production for an affordable price.

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    Please do not read this sig. Thank you.
  16. What about self discharge rate? by Lumpy · · Score: 1

    The biggest problem with these higher storage attempts is they all fall on their face because they self discharge at a rate that makes them not very useful.

    --
    Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    1. Re:What about self discharge rate? by rch7 · · Score: 1

      Power-to-gas doesn't discharge and gas can be stored for years. It doesn't have top efficiency though.

    2. Re:What about self discharge rate? by garyebickford · · Score: 1

      Flow batteries are already in use in many places, mostly in large scale installations, where it is desired to store 1/2 day's worth of energy at a utility plant. They have some differences/advantages compared to other batteries: 1) there are no issues with the battery 'wearing out' like any solid-based battery - the electrolyte fluid(s) is(are) pumped past the membrane, so there's no need for ions to migrate onto/off of a plate. It is possible for the membrane separating the two sides to get messed up but that can be relatively easy and cheap to replace; 2) because the total capacity of the battery is determined by the size of the tanks, and the current potential is determined by the size of the membrane, these two factors are now completely separated. You can customize your battery for the optimum combination of total capacity (Watt-hours) and power (Watts).

      IIRC a San Diego professor has a flow battery that uses organic quinones for the electrolyte. Quinones are (relatively?) non-toxic organic molecules that are cheap and easy to produce. So IMHO this would be a better direction than Lithium.

      CAVEAT: IANA battery guy, only an interested follower, so all of the above may only be relatively close to the facts. (I have a cruising sailboat, am interested in the future potential for using flow batteries in my boat. This would require about 5KWH capacity, and peak draw of about 1-2KW but the peak could be handled by some intermediating hardware.)

      --
      It's easier to be a result of the past, but more fun to be a cause of the future! http://www.spacefinancegroup.com/
  17. "vaporware" by Idisagree · · Score: 1

    Vaporware concept applies to battery tech now as well i guess? :P

  18. Speculative headlines should be red. by pipingguy · · Score: 1

    Speculative headlines should be red.

  19. Im still a little fuzzy on the good/bad thing... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What happens if they cross the streams accidentally?

  20. Large Format Nickel Metal Hydride batteries by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    About 15 years ago, laptops were powered by Nickel Metal Hydride batteries. The patent holders allowed the technology for small batteries, but rights on large format batteries were shelved. These batteries were fast, light weight, and high energy. The patent would have to be close to expiring at this point.

    1. Re:Large Format Nickel Metal Hydride batteries by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      About 15 years ago, laptops were powered by Nickel Metal Hydride batteries. The patent holders allowed the technology for small batteries, but rights on large format batteries were shelved. These batteries were fast, light weight, and high energy. The patent would have to be close to expiring at this point.

      Patent is owned by an oil company and the F cell is the largest permitted. This battery powered the electric cars that were crushed. The inventor got screwed.

  21. Re:Slashdot is so over. How does that get modded u by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

    At least he didn't post as AC...

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    Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
  22. Who cares about density by FeelGood314 · · Score: 1

    If I don't plan on transporting the battery it really doesn't matter. What I care about is cost, capacity and how many charges it will hold. Where I am in Ontario the "generation cost" or the cost my supplier pays for electricity typically varies between -2 cents and 70 cents (there are extremes where it will go much higher though). Even at these differences there is no current battery that makes sense for the utilities to deploy. Even pumping water back up a reservoir doesn't make sense because of the wear on the system*. Until we have better storage we really have 2 options if we want to use more wind or solar - bigger grid interconnects or convince people to change there consumption behaviour based on electricity generation.

    *yes there are a few places water is pumped back up hill but these aren't used for generation as much as for selling insurance - I'll give you 100 kw of power for 10 minutes while you scramble to get some other form of generation online or get some steel mill to cut consumption.

    1. Re:Who cares about density by gzuckier · · Score: 1

      If I don't plan on transporting the battery it really doesn't matter. What I care about is cost, capacity and how many charges it will hold. Where I am in Ontario the "generation cost" or the cost my supplier pays for electricity typically varies between -2 cents and 70 cents (there are extremes where it will go much higher though). Even at these differences there is no current battery that makes sense for the utilities to deploy. Even pumping water back up a reservoir doesn't make sense because of the wear on the system*. Until we have better storage we really have 2 options if we want to use more wind or solar - bigger grid interconnects or convince people to change there consumption behaviour based on electricity generation. *yes there are a few places water is pumped back up hill but these aren't used for generation as much as for selling insurance - I'll give you 100 kw of power for 10 minutes while you scramble to get some other form of generation online or get some steel mill to cut consumption.

      if you aren't going to move the thing around, why not a hyperflywheel? the main reason they're not suitable for vehicles, and laptops is the minor explosion problem necessitating large and heavy blast shields, not a problem when it's a stationary power plant.

      --
      Star Trek transporters are just 3d printers.
  23. Elon Musk by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Remember that Elon is personality capitalising this project.

    At what stage will the cult of Elon end?

    When he fails to deliver the almost ready but just 3 more years away model?

    When Telsa collapses underneath the volume of the wrongful death lawsuits?

    When SpaceX does, wel, anything, since the only thing it is capable of doing is wrong.

    Don't judge Elon by his words, but how he shorts his stocks.

  24. Duh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Obviously, the charge-ferrying redox mediators.

  25. Re:10 times is for Cows by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Cows emit lots of methane, which is a greenhouse gas. If they could be convinced to store that methane, it actually would make a good carbon-neutral fuel source, since all the carbon in that methane started off as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Sadly however, nobody has been able to come up with a practical means of stopping cows from farting, so "storing cows" is not accurate.

  26. That's nice dear by JohnStock · · Score: 1

    But we never seem to find any of these new technologies finding their way to actual batteries the general public can access.

    1. Re:That's nice dear by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      But we never seem to find any of these new technologies finding their way to actual batteries the general public can access.

      Where do you think the battery tech in your laptop or smartphone came from? These same sales press releases where here for those! Not all of them are jokes, the question is: Which Ones?

    2. Re:That's nice dear by JohnStock · · Score: 1

      The problem is there's announcements several times a year about super-dooper battery tech that is just about to storm the market. The reality is that battery technology is evolving slower than most other technologies and is lagging behind by a massive margin.

    3. Re:That's nice dear by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      The problem is there's announcements several times a year about super-dooper battery tech that is just about to storm the market. The reality is that battery technology is evolving slower than most other technologies and is lagging behind by a massive margin.

      If by "other technologies" you mean computers and electronics, that is not a normal speed of change. And even that is slowing right now.

      Development actually proceeds in "stairsteps", a big "fast" change with a slowing for a while afterward. And change in the different fields, happens at different rates and times.

      But of course, advertising continues full speed... 8-)

  27. flow batteries no good by gzuckier · · Score: 1

    they're too flow. you need fast batteries

    --
    Star Trek transporters are just 3d printers.
  28. haha by gzuckier · · Score: 1

    "stick your battery where the sun don't shine"
    "Yes, that's what we're planning for it, I sense you're upset but do not understand how that relates to your comment"

    --
    Star Trek transporters are just 3d printers.