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Scientists Plot Sea Levels Using GPS Satellites (engadget.com)

A team from the UK's National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Michigan and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory have discovered a new way to accurately measure the sea level. The technique is called GNSS-R, and involves bouncing low-powered signals from GPS satellites off of the ocean's surface and measuring the reflected signal with a GNSS-R receiver. The team used a research satellite launched last year as a GNSS-R receiver, but it will be able to tap a new constellation of receivers that NASA is launching this year as part of CYGNSS. That mission will make accurate measurements of surface winds using GPS satellites, but NOC scientists will be able to use them to measure ocean levels, too, yielding a thirty-fold increase in such data.

62 comments

  1. Constant measuring by fustakrakich · · Score: 2

    It will turn us into a bunch of hypochondriacs with every little fluctuation

    --
    “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    1. Re:Constant measuring by delt0r · · Score: 1

      What do you mean turn? We already are. After all i am picking up a 200% increase in radiation where i am sitting right from yesterday! OMG the RAYS are killing me.

      Of course sea level rise is far more important to me. Since well i am going to live for many centuries and own like a million acres of seaside property :D.

      --
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    2. Re:Constant measuring by phantomfive · · Score: 0, Troll

      The question is, what will happen if the satellite data disagrees with the terrestrial data?

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    3. Re:Constant measuring by ClickOnThis · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The question is, what will happen if the satellite data disagrees with the terrestrial data?

      Then scientists will do what they always do in such situations: try to find out what causes the discrepancy.

      The vast majority of times, such a discrepancy is caused by a faulty measuring technique or device. If that's ruled out, then you look more closely at the observations you're comparing to, for signs of error there. And if the discrepancy still persists (i.e., you have strong confidence in both sets of observations, even though they disagree) then you start to look for explanations, including possible modifications to theories, that would fit with the observations.

      --
      If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
    4. Re:Constant measuring by vtcodger · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Same thing as now. The Global warming alarmists will pick the largest number, claim it is "Science" and ignore all other estimates. BTW, the article has no numbers other than "thirtyfold" increase -- which I'm guessing means thirtyfold MORE data, not thirtyfold BETTER data. I looked around the internet a bit. The R in GNSS-R apparently stands for Reflectometry. Couldn't find a figure for accuracy, but my initial impression is that it will be limited by two sets of ionospheric delays. It's not clear that's all that much use for sea level rise which needs measurements to a fraction of a mm per year.

      I gather GNSS-R is expected to be useful for sensing surface winds, wave heights and similar stuff worldwide from orbit. That sure sounds desirable. Not at all sure about its applicability to sea level rise

      --
      You can't see ANYTHING from a car, You've got to get out of the goddamned contraption and walk...Edward Abbey
    5. Re:Constant measuring by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or do what they do with NASA's satellite data when it shows no warming in the upper atmosphere (what was predicted to be many times bigger change then on the ground). Just change what the satellites read until you get the result you wanted and call anyone who points out what you did as an anti-science denier.

    6. Re:Constant measuring by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Citation please. A real one, not just a disingenuous denialist site.

    7. Re:Constant measuring by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      mm accuracy would be straightforward, if they're using 2 frequency receivers. That's what using 2 frequencies buys you: you can calculate the ionospheric effect, which is the dominant error source.

    8. Re:Constant measuring by phantomfive · · Score: 1

      Especially since the guys who started the satellite records were more on the skeptic side (more specifically, they said, "science double checks things" and went about finding a way to double-check the terrestrial record).

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    9. Re:Constant measuring by slashping · · Score: 1

      It's not clear that's all that much use for sea level rise which needs measurements to a fraction of a mm per year.

      If you have a lot of measurements, then you can average them to reduce the noise.

    10. Re: Constant measuring by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why would you average them? Each measurement is an independent truth, at that time. Earth changes, with each moment, the best this will show is individual slices at that time. Now, if they were trying to show wave patterns to identify roge waves, storm surges, waterflow changes due to gravity fluxiations, localized heigth flux due to heating, predict earthquakes due to bulges, maybe?

    11. Re:Constant measuring by hey! · · Score: 0

      Then scientists will do what they always do in such situations: try to find out what causes the discrepancy.

      And if they find it the denialists will do what they always do: see a conspiracy.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    12. Re:Constant measuring by hey! · · Score: 1

      So you're worried that measuring might turn you into a hypochondriac? Well I've got good news and bad news. The good news is that measuring doesn't turn people into a hypochondriacs; it just gives the ones who are already hypochondriacs another thing to worry about. The bad news is that it sounds like the question may be moot in your case.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    13. Re: Constant measuring by slashping · · Score: 1

      You would average them if you were interested in determining global sea level rise. But you are right that the data could be used for other purposes, like rogue wave analysis, in which case you would use different kinds of data processing.

    14. Re:Constant measuring by budgenator · · Score: 1

      When your measuring millimeters change against 10 meter waves, the data will always disagree.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
    15. Re:Constant measuring by slashping · · Score: 1

      If you average out enough of the waves, you get the millimeters change.

  2. Interesting Twist on GPS, limited data collection. by Frosty+Piss · · Score: 2

    Oregon State University ( http://www-po.coas.oregonstate... ? has been recording ocean s"sea level" and other data with sophisicated instruments since the 1970's.

    This is an interesting leverage of GPS technology, but the data is for the most part already being collected in much finer detail with many additional parameters.

    --
    If you want news from today, you have to come back tomorrow.
  3. When the satellites show that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When the satellites show that the sea level isn't rising, will you global warming supporters finally admit to being wrong? Or will you still demand more evidence?

    1. Re:When the satellites show that... by Dutchmaan · · Score: 2

      ...and when the satellites show that the sea level IS rising, are you going to fall back to your tired old refuting the data? or challenging the way it's collected? or the most obvious one will be.. "the data doesn't go back far enough"...

      You'll say "natural cycle" NO. MATTER. WHAT.

    2. Re:When the satellites show that... by ClickOnThis · · Score: 5, Informative

      When the satellites show that the sea level isn't rising

      I doubt that will happen, because we already have evidence that it is rising.

      --
      If it weren't for deadlines, nothing would be late.
    3. Re:When the satellites show that... by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      "When the satellites show that the sea level isn't rising, will you global warming supporters finally admit to being wrong? "

      No, it just means that the ocean is ABSORBING the increase in level!

    4. Re:When the satellites show that... by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      When the satellites show that the sea level isn't rising

      Then you can feel justification, as the water laps up over your ankles.

      http://www.theguardian.com/env...

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    5. Re:When the satellites show that... by alvinrod · · Score: 1

      Even if the sea level doesn't rise, it doesn't mean that there isn't climate change or that the earth isn't getting warmer. There was already a discrepancy between expected and actual rates of sea level rise that scientists believe is due to continents absorbing more water. We don't fully know what will happen as temperatures continue to rise because we don't have a complete understanding of how the whole system works.

    6. Re:When the satellites show that... by Layzej · · Score: 2

      Satellites have already been in use for decades, and show sea level rise on the high side of projections: http://www.skepticalscience.co...

    7. Re:When the satellites show that... by Boronx · · Score: 2

      It's likely to fall locally in some places while rising globally, so they just have to cherry pick the location.

    8. Re:When the satellites show that... by stevelinton · · Score: 1

      The answer, of course, is yes and no.

      If people thought sea level was rising and it isn't they will admit to being wrong about that.

      To convince people that the whole picture of AGW is wrong in broad terms, would need a much wider-ranging set of inconsistent data, and preferably an equally consistent model that fitted all the observations better and either fitted, or revised, known physics, in a sensible way.

  4. what's the over/under bet? by turkeydance · · Score: 1

    could the under be covered?

  5. Sad thing is ... by PvtVoid · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ... when these measurements corroborate the existing (and already very convincing) evidence for sea level rise, the wingnuts will come up with yet another obscure rationalization explaining why they should be discarded or ignored.

    Alas, with deniers, it's like playing whack-a-mole: when you point to any specific piece of evidence, then out come the excuses for why that one thing is not relevant. When you point out the totality of evidence, out come the irrelevant details.

    1. Re:Sad thing is ... by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      when these measurements corroborate the existing (and already very convincing) evidence for sea level rise, the wingnuts will come up with yet another obscure rationalization explaining why they should be discarded or ignored.

      If the fact that coastal cities are starting to flood at an increasing rate hasn't been enough to convince them, do you really think satellite data's going to do it?

      http://www.theguardian.com/env...

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    2. Re:Sad thing is ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I live in the desert and am eagerly anticipating the rise in sea levels as I will finally have the ocean view I couldn't afford

      captcha=sarcasm

      is the damn system starting to read my mind? If so, i want 1billion dollars and a holodeck

    3. Re:Sad thing is ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pff, this is easy to refute: there are no such things as satellites, so the entire story is fabricated. If we could put satellites in orbit, then (1) the earth would not be flat, which it is (as everybody knows), and (2) we would have sent man to the moon, which is ridiculous.

  6. Re:Rising sea levels by phantomfive · · Score: 2

    No, it means soon we'll have more data, which is always a good thing.

    --
    "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
  7. Re:Rising sea levels by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 1, Insightful

    for a party that will pass unconstitutional laws requiring ID to vote on the mere thought that someone MIGHT commit voter fraud despite a lack of any evidence...it's sort of amusing to see the cries of there isn't enough data to prove AGW is happening so we shouldn't bother with it.

    --
    People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
  8. Long overdue by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The more evidence we can gather about climate change, the better we can prove the tragedy to everyone in the world.

  9. Re:Rising sea levels by bloodstar · · Score: 4, Informative

    Of note, the use of GPS for surveying sea surface height has proposed or experimented with for a number of years (Cardellach, Estel; Martin-Neira, Manuel., April 2010). It might be because they've moved beyond 'proof of concept', but I think to say they discovered it is a bit strong. I've even found papers detailing the experimental use of GPS satellites to determine sea surface heights as far back as 2001 (Martin-Neira, M; Caparrini, M; Font-Rossello, J; Lannelongue, S; Vallmitjana, C S, 2001). The bggest change might be a reduction of errors, going from (30cm errors in 2000 to 5 - 15cm in 2009. If they've managed to further reduce the size of the errors then they're onto something really big. If they've just found a more efficient method of measuring sea surface heights in the open ocean, well that's pretty cool, but I'm not sure it's quite a game breaker.

    As far as sea surface rise being a hoax, that's a silly statement, after all the empirical evidence is pretty strong, We have long term gauges that have been operating for centuries in a number of areas, and excepting for regions of crustal rebound, raw sea level rise is consistent with expectations if additional heat was being pumped into and inceasing the depth of the thermocline..

    --
    "The bass, the rock, the mic, the treble. I like my coffee black, just like my metal" - Mindless Self Indulgence
  10. Re: More 'climate change' bullshit from 'Climatedo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    For the last 10 years wuwt has been trying to convince people of an international conspiracy of climatologists. It's soooo funny.

  11. Re:Interesting Twist on GPS, limited data collecti by XXongo · · Score: 1

    Oregon State University ( http://www-po.coas.oregonstate... ? has been recording ocean s"sea level" and other data with sophisicated instruments since the 1970's.

    Interesting link, but nowhere on that page is there any mention of global measurements of sea level.

  12. Re:Interesting Twist on GPS, limited data collecti by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because the raw data doesn't show a rise, and some people might misinterpret that.

  13. Re: Rising sea levels by Namarrgon · · Score: 2

    More data is indeed good, but expect it to simply show more detail over the data we already have. It's highly unlikely that it would indicate anything substantially different at this stage to what we're already seeing, as you seemed to think might happen in another comment.

    If it actually did indicate something different, and it didn't turn out to be instrument error or a faulty assumption in how it worked, then we'd not only have to look for similar undetected errors in our many other (much more mature) instruments, but we'd also have to come up with novel and probably tortuous explanations as to why the sea level wouldn't rise despite clear thermal expansion and the many cubic kilometers of melting land ice around the world that we can also measure...

    --
    Why would anyone engrave "Elbereth"?
  14. Re:Rising sea levels by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2

    for a party that will pass unconstitutional laws requiring ID to vote on the mere thought that someone MIGHT commit voter fraud despite a lack of any evidence.

    That made what happened in Nevada even more entertaining. It explains why the GOP might think there's rampant voter fraud...because they have the receipts to prove it.

    https://news.vice.com/article/...

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  15. Re:Interesting Twist on GPS, limited data collecti by vtcodger · · Score: 1

    There are plenty of measurements of sea level rise. Trouble is, they are all different. There are hundreds of tidal gauges, some of which have centuries of data (most of them more like 50-100 years). Trouble is that since they are located at/near seashores they not well distributed across the planet. And many are in places where various forces are lifting/depressing the ground at rates comparable to sea level rise. There are also satellite altimeters that measure sea level with radar. They have some problems as well (e.g. variable ionospheric delays, orbital uncertainties equal to several years worth of sea level change, etc.). The IPCC assessment reports address all that. I'd suggest tackling the actual chapters on sea level rise, not the sea level rise information in other chapters. AR5 Chapter 13 is the most recent, but I find it difficult to follow. I think AR4 Chapter 5 is easier going, but maybe that's just me.

    --
    You can't see ANYTHING from a car, You've got to get out of the goddamned contraption and walk...Edward Abbey
  16. Re:Rising sea levels by Layzej · · Score: 2

    Satellite altimeter radar measurements from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2 satellites have been measuring sea level rise for decades: http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.go...

  17. Re:Rising sea levels by Boronx · · Score: 1

    Nevada was the GOP's show.

  18. Re:Interesting Twist on GPS, limited data collecti by XXongo · · Score: 1

    Wow, Now the deniers interpret a site that says NOTHING AT ALL as signs that the data agree with them.

  19. Re:Rising sea levels by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

    That was my point. I must not have made it clear enough.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  20. NASA Data Manipulation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Graph 1
    Graph 2

    You will note Graph 1 is from the internet wayback archives, Graph 2 is the current one from NASA's website. They changed the data and made older temperatures colder and newer ones warmer.

    No editorial, just the outright facts.

    1. Re:NASA Data Manipulation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Allowing for data-analysis methodologies (which may change with updated information) those two graphs look pretty much the same. "Changing the data", as you put it, is often just an updating of the methods used to process it, in light of new information.

      Obviously you do not show good faith in the intentions of scientists. As long as you do that, science will never progress.

    2. Re:NASA Data Manipulation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The two graphs show a difference of 0.6 degrees from 1880 to today. Amazingly enough that manipulation difference is about what AWG supporters say is the increase due to man. So they are right, the increase is due to man, just not from CO2. Its from political biased people manipulating data they give to public to implement massive new taxes on the middle class.

      If you can't see the difference between the two graphs, you should stop commenting on global warming stories. You are not qualified to read a book to a child much less scientific data. I'm sure you can see it just fine, you just got caught with the uncomfortable position of being outright proven 100% wrong and are doubling down and hoping no one calls you on it.

      Here you go... You lied and I'm calling you out on it. Anyone who looks will see you are a liar and ONCE AGAIN will see the AGW supporter lies for their position and the non-AGW person once again told the truth. The world would be a better place if people like you didn't lie so blatantly and often.

    3. Re:NASA Data Manipulation by stevelinton · · Score: 1

      Just looked. There are small differences. I see about .1 degree at each end difference between the 5-year means in the two graphs, well within the error bars. If you have the underlying numbers we could look at the statistical signiificance of this

      However, what you need to understand is that there is not a single thermometer somewhere that measures the global temperature. There are thousands, and the same ones have not been used consistently in different ways across 100+ years. They are moved, replaced, read at different times, etc,. etc.

      So the data in either of those graphs is the result of a lot of difficult and careful analysis (which is published and peer-reviewed). From time to time improvements in theory, more computing power and new data (for instance about the behaviour of the instruments) lead to improvedments in the techniques of that analysis. Since everyone has been pretty cautious, trying NOT to be alarmist, these improvements usually make the picture more alarming, as some of the caution proves to have been unnecessary.

      So no smoking gun just science at work. All the information you need to follow the process in detail is in the public domain, although you need to be prepared to read a few tens of thousands of pages of hard maths to make sense of it.

      I should say by the way that sometimes people do make mistakes. They range from the trivial (typing 2035 instead of 2350) to serious, but they are picked up and corrected pretty quickly by other scientists.

    4. Re:NASA Data Manipulation by slashping · · Score: 1

      The two graphs show a difference of 0.6 degrees from 1880 to today

      Not quite. The old graph shows an increase of 0.69 degrees from 1880 to 2000. The new graph shows an increase of 1.11 degrees (determined using tabular data, using two linear trend lines through yearly averages). Most of that difference is in the 1880-1960 years. The difference in the 1960-2000 range, where most of the CO2 related warming is happening, is 0.142 degrees.

    5. Re:NASA Data Manipulation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      People have asked on the methodology of how those "corrections" are made. The CRU and IPCC has REFUSED to let that information out, period. Remember climategate? That was the information people wanted to get and double check.

      If they won't let their reasoning go public, and then delete the original data after ignoring FOIA requests for over 7 years (deleting it because a judge was about to force them to release it) I'm going with a different theory that matches the evidence. They faked the data to show what they wanted, didn't expect anyone to want to peer review, and then refuse to give information for peer review and delete any incriminating data.

      People make mistakes is, they changed a data point with a bad methodology accidentally. What they did is change it with an unknown methodology, refused to tell us what reasoning they used, deleted data when FOIA requests were about to force them to explain it to us, and the start a smear campaign on everyone who tried to find out what they were doing. That is not a "mistake".

    6. Re:NASA Data Manipulation by slashping · · Score: 1
      People have asked on the methodology of how those "corrections" are made. The CRU and IPCC has REFUSED to let that information out, period.

      How hard did you look ? http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ghcnm...

  21. Re:Rising sea levels by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Is " game breaker" a new paradigm or an accidental mixed metaphor? Ha! capcha quibble!

  22. Re:Rising sea levels by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

    That made what happened in Nevada even more entertaining. It explains why the GOP might think there's rampant voter fraud...because they have the receipts to prove it.

    Just like how we knew that Saddam used to have WMDs, and that they were old as shit and basically expired.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  23. Because of the constant whining complaints. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Where, rather than accept the evidence we have so far, the idiots and fuckwits will insist that we don't have enough measurements to "prove" AGW is a problem, so we just have to make even MORE measurements.

    Then YOU come along and whine about how there are too many measurements...

  24. Yes, Wingnuts are happy/sad little things... by TheRealHocusLocus · · Score: 1

    ... when these measurements corroborate the existing (and already very convincing) evidence for sea level rise, the wingnuts will come up with yet another obscure rationalization explaining why they should be discarded or ignored.

    You are referring to either the left or right lobe of a wingnut, or the whole thing? Wingnuts are the cutest little darlings. Unlike most nuts with their grasping-sides that rest quietly within a circular area, wingnuts seem to always be begging for attention. "Hey! Look at me!" they cry, their lobes rising like the arms of a child who wants to be picked up. They crave contact with forefingers and thumbs. There is nothing so sad as a wingnut that has never been adjusted. Every time I catch a glimpse of a wingnut that is in a dim recess of something, impossible to reach, I shed a tear for it. Regular nuts are like cats, one glance and you know you'll need special tools to deal with them and even those might not work. Wingnuts are more like dogs, playful, emotional and needy.

    Pejorative political slang is become a freak show of Wingnuts versus Moonbats. which both have a pair of wings. Are both of these wings on the same side, like a flounder's eyes? I suppose there is an alternative Universe with left-wingnuts and rightwing-moonbats, blue-dog neocoons all watched over by a Moral Minority.

    It's neat but this technique does not seem very wingnut-friendly because, accuracy, er, what. TA seems to have been carefully scrubbed of any indication of the degree of accuracy and that ambiguous "30-fold increase in such data" seems almost calculated to imply greater accuracy or global coverage over existing methods. I suspect they just mean oftener or morer.

    --
    <blink>down the rabbit hole</blink>
  25. Misleading summary: progress is not "discovery" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Personally, I was briefly involved in GNSS-R work in 2006. The article summary is quite inaccurate -to put it mildly- in claiming that this technique, GNSS-R, has just now been "discovered". The real news in this article is that big developments w.r.t. this *old* concept are still ongoing, which is good to hear.

    Papers by e.g. ESA on this concept date back to at least 1993. Of course, thinking of an application is not quite the same as implementing it with a constellation of satellites, but still...

    For those interested in some of the previous milestone dates, I'll just quote from the introduction of this 2002 paper (paywalled):
    "The possibility of using reflected GPS signals for remote sensing was proposed [Martín-Neira, 1993], and fixed-platform experiments demonstrating GPS-reflection altimetry have been performed 20 m over the ocean [Anderson, 1996] [Martín-Neira et al., 2001], 450 m above Crater Lake [Treuhaft et al., 2001], and 10 m over a pond [Martín-Neira et al., 2002]. Global GPS altimetry would involve an orbiting receiver that obtains position and timing information from the GPS constellation as usual, but measures ocean height using the arrival time of GPS signals reflected from the surface. ...
    The first space-based GPS reflection measurement [Lowe et al., 2002a] used SIR-C data collected on the Space Shuttle to create a preliminary link budget, and a number of Earth-grazing detections have been observed in Champ occultation data [Beyerle and Hoche, 2001] [Beyerle et al., 2002]."

     

  26. Re: Interesting Twist on GPS, limited data collect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Is it rise, or subduction?

  27. Because elevation in GPS is so accurate by RogueWarrior65 · · Score: 1

    Everybody knows that the elevation term of GPS solutions is the least precise of the three.