Slashdot Mirror


Cancer Is An Evolutionary Mechanism To 'Autocorrect' Our Gene Pool, Suggests Paper (sciencealert.com)

schwit1 quotes a report from ScienceAlert: Two scientists have come up with a depressing new hypothesis that attempts to explain why cancer is so hard to stop. Maybe, they suggest, cancer's not working against us. Maybe the disease is actually an evolutionary 'final checkpoint' that stops faulty DNA from being passed down to the next generation. To be clear, this is just a hypothesis. It hasn't been tested experimentally, and, more importantly, no one is suggesting that anyone should die of cancer. In fact, it's quite the opposite -- the researchers say that this line of thinking could help us to better understand the disease, and come up with more effective treatment strategies, like immunotherapy, even if a cure might not be possible. So let's step back a second here, because why are our bodies trying to kill us? The idea behind the paper is based on the fact that, in the healthy body, there are a whole range of inbuilt safeguards, or 'checkpoints,' that stop DNA mutations from being passed onto new cells. One of the most important of these checkpoints is apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Whenever DNA is damaged and can't be fixed, cells are marked for apoptosis, and are quickly digested by the immune system -- effectively 'swallowing' the problem. No mess, no fuss. But the new hypothesis suggests that when apoptosis -- and the other safeguards -- don't work like they're supposed to, cancer just might be the final 'checkpoint' that steps in and gets rid of the rogue cells before their DNA can be passed on... by, uh, killing us, and removing our genetic material from the gene pool.

24 of 262 comments (clear)

  1. Autocorrect? by ktakki · · Score: 2

    Ducking cancer.

    --
    "In spite of everything, I still believe that people are really good at heart." - Anne Frank
    1. Re:Autocorrect? by michelcolman · · Score: 2

      That's why I always turn autocorect off. Maybe I'll make a misstake or two, but at least I won't get cancer.

    2. Re: Autocorrect? by Kjella · · Score: 4, Interesting

      We have evidence that ordinary cells have a finite number of divisions due to telomeres, but we also know there's an enzyme called telomerase that can extend them. This remains active in egg and sperm cells so we can continue to go on as a species forever and for normal life spans there's enough divisions in ordinary cells. In the lab, we've extended normal cells' lifetime way past their ordinary limit with telomerase. So why don't we have immortal cells by default? It's probably a fail safe, if a cell starts reproducing extremely fast without working around this limit it'll fizzle and become little more than a harmless lump.

      There's some indications that as we push for 100+ year lifespans we might be running out of divisions leading to among other things a weaker immune system because we lack white blood cells. It might be that we will develop telomere extension therapy to give us a few more regenerations (hello Dr. Who), but as you can probably tell the main problem today is that cells start dividing like crazy, not that they stop dividing. And if we made all cells immortal with genetic manipulation, all it'd take is one cell short circuiting the reproduction speed to cause cancer and kill the host. So if we want natural immortality we need to find a way to stop that first or we'll all die of cancer instead of aging.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    3. Re: Autocorrect? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 2

      Cancer creeps up on us where we do the most damage. Smoke a cigarette? Damage to lungs, make cells immortal. Irradiate the skin in tanning beds? Damage to skin cells, make skin immortal. Eat terrible diet? Stomach or colon cancer, make cells immortal. Maybe our bodies just havnt figured out how to make the immortal cells function.

      While your hypothesis serves the "all of your illness are belong to you" outlook, where people have been convinced that skipping sunscreen and getting 1 sunburn will kill them, way too much cancer is genetically driven.

      As well, there is a big gaping hole in the scientists hypothesis. Most cancer occurs well beyond the childbearing and child raising years. So if it is an "autocorrect "function that improves the genetic stock of a species, it is a really crappy one.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  2. dumbest thing i've seen all week. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    of course these 'defective' genes get passed-on.. people usually have their kids before they get cancer. the only exception being the unfortunate kids who get sick young.

    1. Re:dumbest thing i've seen all week. by mlheur · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I came to say the same thing; generally speaking the genes are being passed on before cancer takes its toll. I might be convinced that it's somehow earth's method of population control, that if lifespans are shortened so the overall population is more manageable or something along those lines; but not in any shape or form of stopping "faulty DNA from being passed down to the next generation".

    2. Re:dumbest thing i've seen all week. by Kjella · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I might be convinced that it's somehow earth's method of population control, that if lifespans are shortened so the overall population is more manageable or something along those lines;

      Doesn't really work that way, if people reproduce at 30 and die at 50 or 100 or 200 that only adds a constant factor to the total population. It might lead to one-time "fill-up" effects where new children are born and old people die later because of longer lifespan adjusting that factor, but the only long term control on population is the reproduction rate. And during reproductive growth the young outnumber the old simply because there's more in this generation than in the last.

      This is why people are no longer so extremely worried about population explosion, birth rates are way down and trending down but due to an aging population and advances in healthcare we will become closer to 10 billion. Europe and North America is below replacement fertility but still growing because of this, Asia and Latin American spot on, Oceania slightly above and then there's Africa which is still way high but below the world average from 1950-1970.

      High reproduction is also related to extreme poverty, basically if you need many children to support you when you grow older it is "necessary" to have many. Sure most people still like to have kids but only a few and not a whole bunch. China and India seem to be pulling people out of extreme poverty quite quick, so I think they're moving into "safer" territory there. Africa is again challenging, you have countries like Nigera still in explosive growth and GDP per capita barely increasing, only 60% of the population is even literate.

      That said, they're seeing a communications revolution in the last decade in Africa, from almost nobody having a cell phone almost everyone has one, smartphone penetration is low but not absent. I think that'll have a big effect on education and literacy but it'll take a few decades to really show net results. With the exception of certain retards in the Middle East that want to bring us back to the Dark Ages, things are actually progressing quite well. A bit worried about mass surveillance and authoritarian states, but not overpopulation and lack of basic necessities.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
  3. Old People by Ann+Coulter · · Score: 4, Insightful

    How does that explain post-menopausal cancers and cancer being more prevalent in individuals who are past their reproductive prime?

    1. Re:Old People by Carewolf · · Score: 2

      How does that explain post-menopausal cancers and cancer being more prevalent in individuals who are past their reproductive prime?

      Because we're no longer necessary for the species to procreate....

      That would explain why were haven't evolved immunity to it. The paper here suggested we evolved cancer as mechanism correcting who reproduces, and that seems incompatible with it mostly affecting non reproducing people.

    2. Re:Old People by rtb61 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Evolution explains cancers past reproductive prime, good enough to breed, good enough to survive, that's just the way it is. Being the best does not mean survival, the low numbers and random chance guarantee that, numbers are just against it (when you are in the minority, low numbers means, insect bites, random predators, infections and clumsiness, takes all equally and so low numbers increases the odds of disappearance of traits, no matter how positive. Evolution just demands those least able to reproduce die out, this then shifts the average and the species evolves. Significant mutation tends to require a vacancy in the localised ecology to survive. something that allows low numbers to reproduce quickly. So cancers tend to occur post prime reproductive age because it makes little difference. Of course that does not take into account lead addled fuckwits toxifying our environment and giving cancers to younger persons than would be normal, that is also evolution, an entire species dying out due to, hmm, greed driven stupidity.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
  4. The problem with this hypothesis is that... by mykepredko · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Most cancers occur in later (post childbearing) years? This is according to the American Cancer Society: http://www.cancer.org/acs/grou...

    I think it's always good to look at an problem from different perspectives and while thinking of cancer as an evolutionary protection against passing down defective genes is interesting, I'm not sure that it's a valid hypothesis.

  5. Purpose by Tony+Isaac · · Score: 2

    Calling cancer a "checkpoint" suggests that it has a purpose. This in turn suggests a Designer. Evolution, on the other hand, suggests that life is simply a survival of the fittest in a sea of random chance. Are these scientists suggesting that they now believe evolution is driven by purpose?

    1. Re:Purpose by Touvan · · Score: 2

      Exactly. Good for the individual isn't always good for the herd, and good for the herd isn't always good for the individual, for survival of the herd.

  6. Re: Cancer as a mechanism for Darwinism by WarJolt · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This article isn't science. It's a bullshit excuse for wealthy folks to feel genetically superior. In the meantime we can show scientifically that poor communities get the short end of the stick when it comes to the environment they live in. We pollute the shit out of parts of this country and that's why people get cancer at an alarming rate. You buy cheap toys for children laden with toxic chemicals and that causes cancer. Don't even get me started about the shit in water. The fire retardants on whatever you are sitting on causes cancer. Cancer isn't a depopulation mechanism.

    I believe cancer is a result of humans drastically increasing the amount of entropy in our environment and that entropy finding its way into our bodies.

  7. Enviroment by BrendaEM · · Score: 2

    What a miraculous poisonous world we have made for ourselves.

    --
    https://www.youtube.com/c/BrendaEM
  8. Re: Cancer as a mechanism for Darwinism by ArmoredDragon · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You and GP are both wrong. Cancer cells don't try to kill the host. What's happening is that they're doing what cells normally do -- dividing -- but the problem is they divide too quickly and aren't as functional as normal cells. This inadvertantly kills you because whatever organ they're attached to loses its function and even fails.

    Take for example, if your heart has a big lump in a major chamber; it's going to have a hard time doing its job.

    Every living multicellular organism on this planet gets cancer, including plants. It's never fatal for plants though, because cancer can't metastasize without blood, and they don't have any major organs that can fail.

  9. What a BS... by Cyberax · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Cancer is basically a result of faulty DNA copying - it happens when multiple anti-cancer systems fail in a cell. That's it. Ascribing it some kind of a purpose is pure teleological fallacy. Stuff doesn't need to happen "for a reason".

  10. Re:After watching my mother deal with it... by jmhysong · · Score: 2

    After watching my mother die from untreated cancer, I can assure you that you will have no quality of life by refusing treatment.

  11. Re: Cancer as a mechanism for Darwinism by mjm1231 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I believe cancer is a result of humans drastically increasing the amount of entropy in our environment and that entropy finding its way into our bodies.

    This statement contains the most convoluted misunderstanding of the laws of thermodynamics that I have ever seen.

    --
    Ideology: A tool used primarily to avoid the bother of thinking.
  12. Re:Dumbest hypothesis ever by Megane · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If most cancers happen past reproductive age, why is there any need to "prevent" the spread of genes that won't be spread anyhow? And most forms of cancer are due to random mutations in individual cells, which won't change the genes in sperm/eggs. The few cancers that are due to genetic susceptibility (such as some forms of breast cancer) still get passed on anyhow. The hypothesis is so easily refuted that it isn't even funny.

    What GP post says should be obvious. We get cancer specifically because there is no evolutionary pressure after reproduction for us to not get it.

    --
    #naabhaprzrag, #sverubfr-000, #agi-fcbafberq, negvpyr[pynff*=' negvpyr-ary-'] { qvfcynl: abar !vzcbegnag; }
  13. Re: Cancer as a mechanism for Darwinism by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 2

    People die of cancers far more often these days because we already eliminated all the other ways to die. Now, we live longer and don't die at 45 from cholera, so we have to die SOMEhow.

    Repeat ten times and rinse! While I would add dementia, and probably some diseases we haven't found out about yet to the increasingly short list, the claim holds basically true. As we have largely eliminated other causes of death, something has to kill us.

    I enjoy confusing people when I explain how decreasing the odds of dying from one disease, merely increases the odds of dying from most everything else.

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  14. Re: Cancer as a mechanism for Darwinism by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I agree mostly, but calling America (the US?) one of the cleanest countries in the world is kinda misleading. It might be correct relatively, but on an absolute scale, we all drown in dirt.

    And some of that dirt is probably very important for our immune system. Altogether too many people have become germophobes, and the results are not encouraging. Probably half of my son's hockey team was on inhalers when he was in high school. Weird food allergies have cropped up.

    Our pediatrician was big on the idea that the immune system doesn't just happen, but needs to be helped along. When my son was around 4 years old, we started bringing him around our horse. He'd get these red blotches on himself. We took him to the pediatrician and he said let him be around the horse in increasing amounts of time, and not to be concerned unless he had issues breathing. We did just that, and within a week, no more blotches.

    Not unlike noticing that peanut allergies hardly exist in the middle east, where peanuts and milk are often children's first solid food. As opposed to here where we were trying to eliminate peanuts from the earth. http://komonews.com/archive/st... .

    Which doesn't work.

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  15. Re:Mechanism to Preserve Resources for Offspring? by Nemyst · · Score: 2

    Problem with that is that there is evidence that the opposite effect actually happens: cancer incidence could be reduced significantly by restricting caloric intake. This conclusion comes from the Okinawa centenarian study which is looking at the unusually healthy and long living population of Okinawa.

  16. Re: Trump 2016 by dryeo · · Score: 2

    I'm not even American, and I know enough that unless you vote in one of the few swing States, you should vote 3rd party, if only as a protest, compared to not voting or throwing your vote away on the loser.
    Politicians do notice 3rd party votes and take their issues into consideration and if nothing else you can say that 60% of American voted against Trump/Clinton.

    --
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism