Slashdot Mirror


We Finally Have a Computer That Can Survive the Surface of Venus (arstechnica.com)

Planet Venus is one of the most inhospitable places in the solar system. The surface temperature there is 470C (878F). This has been one of the key challenges that has prevented us from deeply exploring Venus. Normal chips can only function until around 250C, but it appears, we will soon have a computer that can withstand Venus' weather. From a report on ArsTechnica: Now, researchers out of NASA's Glenn Research Centre appear to have cracked the other big problem with high-temperature integrated circuits: they've crafted interconnects -- the tiny wires that connect transistors and other integrated components together -- that can also survive the extreme conditions on Venus. The NASA Glenn researchers combined the new interconnects with some SiC transistors to create a ceramic-packaged chip. The chip was then placed into the GEER -- the Glenn Extreme Environments Rig, a machine that can maintain Venus-like temperature and pressure for hundreds of hours at a time. The chip, a simple 3-stage oscillator, kept functioning at a steady 1.26MHz for 521 hours (21.7) days before the GEER had to be shut down.

32 of 156 comments (clear)

  1. Confused? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    "We Finally Have a Computer..."
    "...we may soon have a computer..."

    From the don't-count-your-chickens dept. ?

    1. Re:Confused? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      1) The linked article has pictures of the actual prototype
      2) What you linked is made of polystyrene which melts at 100C
      3) Keep your day job, because you will never make it as a comedian

    2. Re:Confused? by interkin3tic · · Score: 2

      "I used to do drugs. I still do, but I used to, too." - Mitch Hedberg

      We will soon have a computer that can survive on Venus. We do currently, and we're not planning on destroying it and forgetting how we made it, thus we will soon also have a computer that can survive on venus.

      Unfortunately, it still will not be sufficient to proofread submissions.

      More seriously, the Russians had a viable competing technology 50 years ago. I believe the technology codename was something like "put it in something that is heat resistant to protect it from melting" only in russian.

    3. Re:Confused? by Rei · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Your post is largely correct, with the caveat that with proper insulation, the rate of heat flow to the exterior can be kept surprisingly small. But RTGs are indeed hindered by the external heat that they have to reject waste heat to. Solar power surprisingly actually works on the surface, but at terrible efficiency (if I recall correctly, something like 2.7W/m). And wind indeed has been proposed as a power source. Windspeeds are low, rarely more than a meter per second or so, but due to the high density it's not actually a bad power source. There's even been one wind-propelled rover proposal under investigation (Zephyr).

      Indeed, the whole point of long-term Venus landers is indeed not large amounts of power, but basically surface "weather stations" or "seismic stations" that just sit there using a few watts here and there and transmitting results up to a higher power relay.

      On the other hand, getting things to the surface of Venus is surprisingly easy. Landis once worked out that you could launch a hollow titanium sphere to Venus, have it aerocapture, and land safety on the surface, without any sort of aeroshell, ablation system or parachute whatsoever. Venus has a big "fluffy" atmosphere for slowing things down, and by the bottom the density is so great that terminal velocity can be survivable for well-built probes.

      --
      I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.
    4. Re: Confused? by Rei · · Score: 2

      Venus is absolutely not uninhabitable.

      And as for science, knowing whether Venus is the fate of Earth, or how to determine whether an exoplanet would be a second Earth or a second Venus, is a lot bigger of a question than anything Mars can answer. Venus is not only our closest neighbor and almost the same size, but once had oceans like Earth. And her atmosphere appears locked into this vicious cycle, where she's hot because her CO2 isn't stored as carbonates, but she can't form carbonates because she's too hot. And even if you want to dismiss that as an indirect side effect of water loss due to devolatilization due to a lack of a magnetic field (and ignoring the question of "why" the latter is), that's not the only thing Venus is cautionary about. 500 million years ago it appears that the entire planet, or nearly so, was resurfaced by volcanism. Can such a thing happen here? We can't say so because we have no clue why it happened.

      Venus once was another Earth. We want to know what went wrong. It's hard to model the Earth when Venus doesn't work with our models.

      --
      I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.
  2. Um... temperature doesn't work that way by under_score · · Score: 2

    The surface temperature there is 470C (878F), approximately 90 times that of Earth.

    Maybe if we were talking about the Kelvin scale, but even then, 90x is a pretty meaningless way of comparing temperatures. Much better to maybe mention that at 470C:

    • 327C Lead
    • 420C Zinc
    • 449C Tellurium

    Read more: http://www.lenntech.com/period...

  3. Good to see equal sex computing... by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 3, Funny

    Since supposedly men are from Mars and Women are from Venus, it's good to see they've finally created a computer that can survive women.

    / sorry, I'm not really sexist

    --
    "That's the way to do it" - Punch
  4. Hi, I was a scientist at Buzzfeed by Overzeetop · · Score: 5, Informative

    How, as an editor for a tech site, do you hire someone who can't even recognize a total goof in the summary intro? The PRESSURE at the surface of Venus is 90x that of earth.

    I'd understand if you had one or two editors posting hundreds of stories a day - one might slip through. But you're barely posting one story an hour to the front page. How do you fuck that up?

    --
    Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
  5. Hopefully it does math better there... by MiniMike · · Score: 2

    The surface temperature there is 470C (878F), approximately 90 times that of Earth.

    I don't even want to know...

    So Google says the average temperature on Earth is 16 C, or 289.3 K. 90x that is about 26,000 K.

    The article (yes, I looked at it) actually says the pressure is about 90 times that on Earth.

  6. Re:900 is 90 times hotter than Earth? by danbert8 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Except 0 is arbitrary in Farenheit... Average Earth temp is 287 kelvin, average Venus temp is 735 kelvin. So really it's only like 2.5x hotter than Earth by any objective measurement. Otherwise you could say a 1 degree F day is infinitely hotter than a 0 degree F day and mathematically on an arbitrary scale, that would be correct.

    --
    Yes it's an anecdote! Were you expecting original research in a Slashdot comment?
  7. Not just this by s.petry · · Score: 3, Insightful

    First, a computer is a whole lot more than just a chip. How about boards, wire runs, resisters, transistors? But the atmosphere of Venus contains massive amounts of toxic gasses. If we have a computer chip that operates at high temperatures, what is it made of and how quickly does it break down inside the atmosphere of Venus?

    So not only don't we have a computer that works on Venus, we don't have chips that work on Venus. TFA says that they may have a chip that operates at high temperatures but since it has not quite been invented yet we can't test the viability of said chip in Venus' atmosphere. Not only am I cynical, but I'm really tired of the chronic hyperbole in seemingly everything.

    --

    -The wise argue that there are few absolutes, the fool argues that there are no probabilities.

    1. Re:Not just this by s.petry · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Well, you are technically correct in the first part, but a computer is much more than a chip and a power supply. Cool in my opinion that they can get them to run on the Moon and Mars, but Venus adds quite a few new challenges other than heat and pressure. Namely, the corrosive gasses under the same heat and pressure.

      Your second part is correct for computers that are space worthy, but not true for computers on earth. Most chips in Earth's atmosphere are exposed to the atmosphere. Legs of a chip are not coming out of an environment proof seal, and they are not air proof. You are half right, and my generalization for a space worthy computer was wrong.

      Your last part is answered with: "The chip, a simple 3-stage oscillator, kept functioning at a steady 1.26MHz for 521 hours (21.7) days before the GEER had to be shut down." So they don't have a functional computer, but they have interconnects that could handle heat from a very slow oscillator. A computer is a whole lot more components, with a whole lot more IO, generating a whole heat.

      Don't misunderstand, I think the goal is noble. I'd love to have some atmospheric data coming from Venus, information on surface, weather, etc.. like we do on Mars. I just disagree with using Hyperbole to sell the concept.

      --

      -The wise argue that there are few absolutes, the fool argues that there are no probabilities.

    2. Re:Not just this by Rei · · Score: 2

      Your standard Venera-style probe consists of the following layers:

      1) Outer spherical steel shell
      2) Insulation
      3) Phase-change material as a constant-temperature heat heat sink
      4) Everything that you don't want hot, compressed, or exposed to corrosive chemicals.

      The only thing that's hard to keep from happening is the "hot" part, because eventually your phase change material reaches its limits and the temperature starts to rise.

      Don't misunderstand, I think the goal is noble. I'd love to have some atmospheric data coming from Venus, information on surface, weather, etc.

      I assume you mean "more data". We've already had the Venera probes, the Pioneer probes, and the Vega probes (including PTFE superpressure balloons - the only airborne vehicles on another world to date).

      --
      I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.
  8. Pressure is about 90 times that of Earth by Geoffrey.landis · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The statement was "the hard bit is not being cremated by the surface temperature of 470C (878F) or crushed by the atmospheric pressure, which is about 90 times that of Earth, the same as swimming 900 metres under water".

    It's the atmospheric pressure, not the temperature, that is about 90 times that of Earth

    --
    http://www.geoffreylandis.com
    1. Re:Pressure is about 90 times that of Earth by danbert8 · · Score: 2

      Maybe it was in the original article, and now the "90 times" has been removed from the summary... That's Slashdot for you. Shitty editing.

      --
      Yes it's an anecdote! Were you expecting original research in a Slashdot comment?
  9. Re:900 is 90 times hotter than Earth? by AK+Marc · · Score: 4, Informative

    Because nobody uses Rankine, except when pointing out it exists.

  10. Re:900 is 90 times hotter than Earth? by edx93 · · Score: 2

    Incorrect. Fahrenheit (like Celsius) is a relative measure, for you to measure 90 times the earth's heat (thermal energy), you'd have to use an absolute measurement: Kelvin. Let's do the math. 75 F (earth's temperature) = 273.15 K; 90 times that is: 273.15* 90 = 24,583K which corresponds to 43,789.73 F. It's hot there, but not THAT hot.

  11. Re:Yawn by by+(1706743) · · Score: 2
    For those curious:

    Uranus's core density is around 9 g/cm3, with a pressure in the centre of 8 million bars (800 GPa) and a temperature of about 5000 K.

    (And yes, I get the obvious joke, lest ye "whoosh" me...)

  12. Re:900 is 90 times hotter than Earth? by arth1 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Except 0 is arbitrary in Farenheit... Average Earth temp is 287 kelvin, average Venus temp is 735 kelvin. So really it's only like 2.5x hotter than Earth by any objective measurement.

    Only if you assume a linear scale. Given how much of the interesting stuff happens near 0 K, and how little difference there is between 10,000,000 K and 100,000,000 K, I would think it would be better if we started treating temperature as a logarithmic scale.

    Or, put another way, the 448 degree difference between 287 K and 735 K is obviously a lot less significant than the 287 degree difference between 0 K and 287 K.

  13. And Samsung will supply the batteries by billrp · · Score: 5, Funny

    That extreme pressure should keep them from exploding

  14. Is it really that hard? by swb · · Score: 2

    Can't they just encase the thing in some kind of packaging with its own cooling system? Or is it a case of whatever it takes to keep it running on Venus is too fucking big to send to Venus?

    1. Re:Is it really that hard? by jfdavis668 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Cooling systems radiate heat to somewhere else. Where can a machine on Venus radiate heat? It's 800 degrees everywhere. Your refrigerator has cooling vents on the back. Your air conditioner blows hot air outside. Your heat pump has cooling vents outside. On Venus outside is 800 degrees.

    2. Re:Is it really that hard? by currently_awake · · Score: 2

      A refrigerator on earth is colder inside than outside. This is because of a device called a heat pump, it moves heat from inside he box to outside the box. Given the atmosphere of Venus is denser than that of Earth we can assume that venting heat to the atmosphere will work there, meaning a heat pump has a working medium to move the heat to.

    3. Re:Is it really that hard? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      Your refrigerator's heat pump is a phase-change coolant system (i.e. enormous coefficient of performance), working against a small temperature difference (perhaps 20K), with a small heat flux (A few watts of heat seeping in). These performance specs are pretty much trivial to meet, which is why modern fridges are pretty much sealed, lifetime-performance units. The reason why is that the amount of work a heat pump has to do is proportional to the SQUARE of the temperature difference: The amount of heat leaking in, and the amount of work needed to expel a given amount of heat, are both proportional to delta-T. Keeping a well-insulated box 20*c cooler than its surroundings is easy. Really easy.

      INITIATE SIMPLE BACK-OF-ENVELOPE ENGINEERING PLAUSIBILITY ANALYSIS

      Supposing we want to keep the inside of a Venus probe down to a mere... 100*C? Now we have a 330 degree temperature difference. That's 17x the temperature difference in your coldbox: The venus probe's fridge will have 275 TIMES the work to do per unit area & insulation. Shit.

      Suppose the probe is a silvered ball 2 meters in diameter. Let's plug in... 30mW/m-K and give it a 250mm thick aerogel insulator all around its inside surface. That's roughly 500W of heat leaking in from a 430C ambient, and we haven't put ANYTHING through the aerogel (like the supports for the probe's internal goodies...) which will send that through the roof.

      The radiator itself is a fairly simple matter - only 800cm^2 of outward facing blackbody surface, heated to 500C, will dump our waste heat into a 430C ambient. I don't know nearly enough about refrigeration technology to say what a mechanical refrigerator capable of pushing 500W of heat up a 400* difference will look like... My first google search brought up a unit capable of dumping 500W in the vicinity of room temp across probably a 20C difference (HRU-1000) which fills .012 cubic meters. Naively scale it to do 270x the work, that's eating 3.2 cubic meters of probe volume in order to keep the inside down to a blazing 100*C. Our 2-meter-diameter probe, with 250mm of aerogel shell, only has 1.7 cubic meters of internal volume.

      We're out of space twice over and we have no atomic power supply, no scientific instruments, no computer, no radio to talk back to earth... Also I don't think the world's remaining Pu-238 stockpile can build a themionic generator capable of powering that fridge, but that's a "minor technical detail."

      Heat leakage scales as area, volume scales as volume, so the situation gets better for bigger probes. Fat chance of that, seeing as the last Saturn V is sitting on its side in pieces... There's no way a usefully chilled Venus surface probe happens in the realistic near future.

  15. Re:900 is 90 times hotter than Earth? by lazlo · · Score: 2

    One of the (smaller) reasons I dropped out of the ChemE degree I was pursuing was because one day in one of my classes, there was a number written on the board. We asked the prof what it was, and his reply was "That's the ideal gas constant, R. I wrote it there because we'll be using it today". We looked at him funny and said "No it's not. We use R all the time, and it's not that". "Well.... yes it is, but this is the value of R in the units atmosphere gallons per lbmol rankine."

    While I appreciate the value of being metrically multilingual, for some reason that just seems horribly *wrong*.

    --
    Pound! Bang! Bin! Bash! is this a shell script or a Batman comic?
  16. But can it survive Fukushima? by Unreal+One · · Score: 2

    I just read that the clean-up robots at Fukushima can't withstand the radiation of the site. I wonder if this sort of improvement could be adapted to improve the clean-up hardware. Is temperature and radiation it the same kind of 'heat'?

  17. Re:Uhmmm... by Punko · · Score: 2

    Except, you're not surviving Venus's weather (btw Venus' would be the possessive for multiple Venu) you're only surviving the temp and pressure. The weather included sulphuric acid rain and other horrible environmental challenges. the temp and pressure are just two of the challenges.

    --
    If only we could fall into a woman's arms without falling into her hands
  18. Not quite by SkOink · · Score: 3, Informative

    To be clear, we don't have a computer that can survive on Venus, or anything near that. What the research team made is a ring-buffer, which is a collection of maybe 20-30 transistors arranged in a big circle (with one inverter).

    That's a very far cry from even an Intel 8080, which is approximately 4500 transistors. And that's without any RAM, Flash, or anything else. This is an impressive milestone to be sure, but it's nowhere near an Arduino (let alone a full computer).

    --
    ---- I'll take you in a Hunt deathmatch any day.
  19. Not the only problem. by Tablizer · · Score: 2

    NASA engineer: "Our grand heat-tolerant computer is reporting back the latest findings from the probe ... it confirms that all the scientific instruments are fried and not returning data."

  20. Not the first. by Gravis+Zero · · Score: 3, Funny

    470C? Oh please, my AMD chip runs at least twice as hot as that. ;)

    --
    Anons need not reply. Questions end with a question mark.
  21. Re:For it to be obvious by arth1 · · Score: 2

    For it to be obvious, you first have to know the significance. So what makes it significant to you?

    Atoms moving vs not moving is more significant than atoms moving vs moving slightly faster.

    Or, to put it another way, the difference between a plane doing 287 km/h and one doing 735 km/h is obviously less than the difference between a plane doing 287 km/h and a hill.

  22. Re:Yawn by Rei · · Score: 2

    My problem with the name Uranus isn't that stupid, overused joke - it's the fact that it's the only planet named after a Greek, not Roman, god. It should have been Caelus.

    --
    I spent the evening flickering into your darkness.