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Scientists Discover How To Stop Luggage From Toppling On the Race Through the Airport (theguardian.com)

An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Guardian: Scientists have worked out why suitcases tend to to rock violently from one wheel to the other until they overturn on the race through the airport. This most pressing of modern mysteries was taken on by physicists in Paris, who devised a scale model of a two-wheeled suitcase rolling on a treadmill and backed up their observations with a pile of equations and references to holonomic restraints, finite perturbations and the morphing of bifurcation diagrams. Fortunately for non-physicists, the findings can be reduced to simpler terms. For the suitcase to rock it had to hit a bump or be struck in some other manner; the faster the suitcase was being pulled, the more minor the bump needed to set it off. So far, so obvious. But Sylvain Courrech du Pont wanted to know more. Why did a rocking suitcase swerve and make such violent movements that it might eventually topple over? After more treadmill tests and more equations, the answer popped up: because a suitcase's handle pulls from the middle and the wheels are at its sides, the suitcase swerves inwards whenever it tilts up on one wheel. If the rocking overcomes the dampening effect that happens when each wheel touches the ground again, the suitcase will keep on rocking or eventually flip over. In conclusion, the researchers discovered that "when a suitcase starts to rock out of control, the correct response is not to slow down but to pull it faster." The scientists have published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society.

26 of 183 comments (clear)

  1. Or just get one that has 4 wheels by chuckugly · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Or just get one that has 4 wheels and don't look like a dork

    1. Re:Or just get one that has 4 wheels by mnemotronic · · Score: 4, Funny

      Mine has 11.

      --
      The Russians have won. They have made the world a cesspool of distrust, greed, fear and hate.
    2. Re:Or just get one that has 4 wheels by ad454 · · Score: 2, Informative

      actually I prefer two-wheeled suitcases, but they are nearly impossible to buy new.

      stores nowadays just sell four-wheeled.

      unfortunately four-wheeled suitcases suck over rough ground, especially over cobble stone sidewalks common in Europe, with their tiny plastic wheels that easily break.

    3. Re:Or just get one that has 4 wheels by Scoldog · · Score: 2

      Mine has hundreds of little feet. It also never gets lost!

      --
      This space for rent
    4. Re:Or just get one that has 4 wheels by ad454 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Not all women are weightlifters.

      Most including myself have difficulties carrying nearly 23 kg (50 lb) over long distances quickly, through public transit, long sidewalks, crowded places, etc., along with a separate carryon.

      Keep in mind that when is travelling overseas for a month or more, in strange and undeveloped places, with different dress codes, and in different climates, you need to carry a lot with you that you cannot easily buy there. Not to mention that the custom in many places to bring thoughtful gifts from your home.

  2. This is new? by Solandri · · Score: 4, Interesting

    People who tow trailers have known about this for decades.

    1. Re:This is new? by swillden · · Score: 2

      People who tow trailers have known about this for decades.

      I wonder how much money was spent on this, rather than, say, cancer research. Sigh...

      These are physicists. Whatever they might study, it won't be cancer.

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    2. Re:This is new? by swillden · · Score: 3, Interesting

      People who tow trailers have known about this for decades.

      As demonstrated in that video, trailer sway isn't caused by rocking back and forth between the wheels causing swerving but by weight distribution away from the axle creating large yaw inertia. With suitcases, while packing the weight far from the wheels does make the rocking worse, it will still happen even with the weight packed close to them (low yaw inertia). So, we're mostly talking about different effects. As evidenced by the fact that if your trailer starts rocking you should ease off the throttle, not go faster.[1]

      Even if this were the same effect, there's a huge difference between merely knowing about a phenomenon and having some rules of thumb about how to handle it, derived from experience, and having a mathematical model and a computer simulation of the phenomenon. Having those opens up many more options for finding solutions.

      [1] In my experience, the very best thing to do is to use the brake controller to activate the trailer brakes and slow that way, assuming a trailer that has electric brakes. I've only experienced sway on one trailer that doesn't have brakes; my flatbed (no brakes) when I have the tractor loaded too far back and not enough weight on the tongue. Easing off the throttle calms it down. None of the other trailers I've had (boat, utility, ATV) have ever swayed.

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  3. Move the handle by viperidaenz · · Score: 4, Informative

    The handle is also on the same side as the wheels, so when you're pulling it along the weight is above the pivot point between the wheel still on the ground and your hand.
    If the handle was on the opposite side from the wheels the weight wouldn't be as high (it would be more in line with your hand and the wheel), so the suitcase would be more stable.

  4. Just like trailers by Sir+Holo · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The same physical principal applies to two-wheeled trailers pulled by cars with a hitch.

    Have you ever seen someone driving down an interstate, two-wheeled U-Haul or similar trailer in tow behind their Honda Civic? I sure have. I back off, and watch while the driver tries various maneuvers. The trailer will start to swing side-to-side. Then it will start skipping from side-to-side. Then I get bored and pass... two lanes over. Never once has one of them simply decelerated and pulled over to the shoulder.

    1. Re:Just like trailers by GerryGilmore · · Score: 2

      As I just posted below - before seeing your comment - those idiots need to hit the accelerator when the trailer starts swerving! Any other maneuver is bound to lead to a bad day.

    2. Re:Just like trailers by Sir+Holo · · Score: 4, Informative

      As I just posted below - before seeing your comment - those idiots need to hit the accelerator when the trailer starts swerving! Any other maneuver is bound to lead to a bad day.

      Speeding up does work.

      A second technique that works is to put the car in neutral, effectively decoupling the travel-direction forces transmitted through the hitch. With no more tugging it along, the trailer will settle down (this stops any more energy from being put into the trailer's motion, letting roll-resistance quench out the speed and oscillations). I have done this. Just decouple and coast.

      You are correct that hitting the brakes is the absolute worst thing that the driver can do.

    3. Re:Just like trailers by sconeu · · Score: 4, Informative

      I was about 10.... We were on the way home from a camping trip, and my mom was driving.

      Some asshole cut her off, and she instinctively hit the brake. My dad was yelling at her to hit the gas... to no avail. We jacknifed and flipped. That's stuck with me ever since. If your trailer is out of control, speed up.

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    4. Re:Just like trailers by edx93 · · Score: 2

      Never once has one of them simply decelerated and pulled over to the shoulder.

      My dad has...it almost killed us all.

    5. Re:Just like trailers by drinkypoo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Some asshole cut her off, and she instinctively hit the brake. My dad was yelling at her to hit the gas... to no avail. We jacknifed and flipped.

      Your parents were the assholes. They either had too much trailer for not having trailer brakes, or the trailer brakes were misadjusted, or the tow vehicle was in some other way inadequate.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    6. Re:Just like trailers by Solandri · · Score: 2

      Most modern trailers come with electronic brake controllers. When you hit the brakes, the trailer brakes also engage thus assuring that the car is always pulling the trailer, instead of the trailer pushing the car. The only trailers using the old surge brakes are boat trailers - the hydraulic actuator can withstand getting wet, unlike electronic controllers. Surge brakes only engage when the trailer begins pushing the car. So the trailer's braking cannot exceed the car's braking (the surge brake disengage the moment that happens), which is what's needed to dampen out the swaying.

      Accelerating is preferable to hitting the brakes on a trailer with no brakes. But with a trailer with properly adjusted brakes, speeding up just feeds more energy into the trailer, making the swaying worse.

    7. Re:Just like trailers by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      Surge brakes only engage when the trailer begins pushing the car. So the trailer's braking cannot exceed the car's braking (the surge brake disengage the moment that happens), which is what's needed to dampen out the swaying.

      Actually, just a damper in the brake system can keep that tendency down. But what is actually used to stop swaying in cases where that is a problem is a sway control hitch. It basically just adds a torsion bar spring to the hitch such that it pushes the trailer back towards center, and that seems to work okay.

      Sway is a non-issue in most cases with an adequate tow vehicle. For really heavy loads for which there otherwise would be no adequate tow vehicle, we solve the problem completely by simply moving the hitch point over the rear axle, e.g. fifth wheel or gooseneck.

      Earlier examples of electric brake systems tapped into a brake line to read the brake line pressure. We've had proper ways to handle trailers for a very long time. Surge brakes are fine if the tow vehicle is sizable enough that you almost don't need brakes. But in that case, sway is generally not a real problem anyway, because if the trailer isn't big enough to push or drag the vehicle down hill, it's also not likely big enough to throw the vehicle side to side enough to cause sway.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    8. Re:Just like trailers by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      Was it a ham can, or an airstream, or what? We've got a '62 Streamline 'Duchess' and that's supposed to be a 3500 pound trailer with a 500 pound tongue weight. That's just narrowly within the capabilities of a big station wagon of those days. That trailer came with electric brakes, though. The only thing I've towed it with was my 1992 F250 7.3 Super Cab XLT, which is currently down due to engine failure from cavitation, in spite of running a cooling filter with SCAs in it. But I digress. That truck weighs an actual ~5100lb and aside from wind resistance, it basically didn't give a good goddamn that there was a trailer back there. That's a good thing, because the brakes on the trailer don't work. My driveway is steep and gravelly, but the truck has a rear limited slip and mud tires so I just put it into 4 hi and cruised up.

      The point of which is that the correct tow vehicle for a trailer of that magnitude is not a car. Most modern cars have no towing capacity worth mentioning, because we decided that it was never really safe to do in the first place. Some modern CUVs are blessed with substantial towing capacity, but in general you won't get up above about 3k without going to a minivan, and most cars have only a 1k towing capacity. (There are some notable counterexamples.)

      With a sway control hitch, properly working trailer brakes, and a quality trailer brake controller, if all goes well a properly-balanced trailer behind a decent car can handle many situations. But what happens if you get a couple of flats at the same time by rolling over some road-colored piece of debris? You want a vehicle designed and built for towing if you're going to tow anything of any notable mass. And then you still have to assume that everything will go wrong, and that everyone will cut you off.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  5. Shocking! Now add shock absorbers. by swell · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Simple enough to design shock absorbers for the wheels. A proper shock absorber reduces harmonic effects. On vehicles these devices are remarkably affordable and effective. For luggage they could be very cost effective. A simple friction device with a compressed gas cartridge would do the trick. Feel free to design & patent- I don't need the millions it will bring.

    --
    ...omphaloskepsis often...
  6. Is anyone running through airports in 2017? by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I would think that would get you shot, nowadays.

    --
    #DeleteChrome
  7. Re:Driving a Trailer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    he only thing preventing this scientific breakthrough was the apparent inability to intersect the community of truckers and physicists despite their relative interdependencies.

    There is a huge difference between knowing about something and understanding it. Equations of motion for nontrivial situations can get messy fast, and often beyond a few simple general methods, a lot of cookbook, situation-specific methods are used. Expanding upon those cookbook methods is still useful, and sometimes has applications in other situations.

  8. Coilovers by mobby_6kl · · Score: 3, Funny

    So what this is telling me is that I need to install coilovers on my suitcase. This way I could adjust the dampening and spring rates to ensure the best response on uneven terrain. I could then even lower it if I wanted, but it's pretty slammed as it is.

  9. Re:"Damping", not "dampening" by sexconker · · Score: 2

    Dampening makes something wet. Damping absorbs energy (friction). Unless you're adding moisture to slow down oscillations, you're damping rather than dampening.

    dom

    So when Captain Kirk showed Uhura his inertial dampener...

  10. Get used to it by Doghouse13 · · Score: 2

    After a few years you'll get boringly familiar with journalists misreporting familiar things in lurid terms. Media hacks usually know next to nothing about science - and a good headline is much more desirable than strict accuracy even when they do. Put in perspective: this was an undergraduate research project, such as just about every student who takes a degree will undertake at one point or another. Such things are about getting the students to practice and demonstrate their abilities to investigate a problem, draw useful conclusions and present the results. They MAY break new ground, but that's certainly not a requirement - that's what PhDs are for.

  11. Re:Or eat your cake and have it too by rmdingler · · Score: 2

    How about buying luggage without wheels, and carry it? I know, what a preposterous concept.

    Studies (admittedly from the wheeled-luggage lobby) suggest you can buy luggage with wheels and still carry it.

    --
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    Ernest Hemingway

  12. Re:Or eat your cake and have it too by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Studies (admittedly from the wheeled-luggage lobby) suggest you can buy luggage with wheels and still carry it.

    The label 'carry-on' is discriminatory and offensive to the roll-ons. Unfortunately, the deodorant lobby stopped the roll-ons from using that label. I think the carry-ons had something to do with it.