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'There Will Be a [Senate] Vote' To Reinstate Net Neutrality, Schumer Says (arstechnica.com)

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: U.S. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) said he will force a vote on a bill that would reinstate the Federal Communications Commission's net neutrality rules. Legislation to reverse the repeal "doesn't need the support of the majority leader," Schumer said during a press conference Friday, according to The Hill. "We can bring it to the floor and force a vote. So, there will be a vote to repeal the rule that the FCC passed." The Federal Communications Commission voted to repeal its own net neutrality rules last week, and the repeal will take effect 60 days after it is published in the Federal Register. But Congress can overturn agency actions by invoking the Congressional Review Act (CRA), as it did earlier this year in order to eliminate consumer broadband privacy protections. A successful CRA vote in this case would invalidate the FCC's net neutrality repeal and prevent the FCC from issuing a similar repeal in the future. This would force the FCC to maintain the rules and the related classification of ISPs as common carriers under Title II of the Communications Act. A CRA vote lets Congress "undo regulations with a simple majority," without the possibility of a filibuster, as a Washington Post story said in February. Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.) announced a plan to file the CRA resolution last week. "It's in our power to do that and that's the beauty of the CRA rule," Schumer said. "Sometimes we don't like them, when they used it to repeal some of the pro-environmental regulations, but now we can use the CRA to our benefit, and we intend to."

46 of 278 comments (clear)

  1. Good, but will it pass? by Rick+Schumann · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Now we find out exactly how unified the GOP is. Spoiler: They're not unified at all. If it's a simple majority I think Ajit Pai is going to have his ass handed to him by Congress, and rightly so.

    1. Re:Good, but will it pass? by DaMattster · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Now we find out exactly how unified the GOP is. Spoiler: They're not unified at all. If it's a simple majority I think Ajit Pai is going to have his ass handed to him by Congress, and rightly so.

      Maybe Ajit Pai will be the next high profile departure? Wouldn't that be nice?

    2. Re:Good, but will it pass? by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 5, Informative

      Shame that a Senate vote to fix this isn't sufficient. Make it a law (which requires both House and Senate to vote on the same piece of legislation), and it'll really mean something. 51 Senators can vote on anything they want to, but without legislation in the House as well, it's just grandstanding....

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    3. Re:Good, but will it pass? by SlaveToTheGrind · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If it's a simple majority I think Ajit Pai is going to have his ass handed to him by Congress, and rightly so.

      Even if the Senate Dems were to vote in lockstep, which is less than clear, this would have to pass in the House as well, then survive a presidential veto. That's not going to happen, and TFA says as much. This is nothing but political posturing on Schumer's part.

    4. Re:Good, but will it pass? by jmccue · · Score: 5, Insightful

      This is nothing but political posturing on Schumer's part.

      Why is that bad, then we will know who not to vote for next year.

    5. Re:Good, but will it pass? by davide+marney · · Score: 3, Informative

      Short answer: No. Why? Because a CRA is a Joint Resolution (that means it has to pass both the House and the Senate), and the President has to sign it into law.

      Source: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R...

      --
      "We receive as friendly that which agrees with, we resist with dislike that which opposes us" - Faraday
    6. Re:Good, but will it pass? by sittingnut · · Score: 2

      Now we find out exactly how unified the GOP is. Spoiler: They're not unified at all. If it's a simple majority I think Ajit Pai is going to have his ass handed to him by Congress, and rightly so.

      a premature celebratory comment here, about this grandstanding gesture which achieves nothing, and far from guaranteed to succeed at even that meaningless vote (not only gop, dems are also divided btw), about pai getting his "ass handed" back is now rated "insightful" .
      oh \. !

      with such meaningless opposition, and idiotic support for it, trump is going to be succeed.

    7. Re:Good, but will it pass? by ganjadude · · Score: 2

      the other thing no one is asking is why wasnt this enacted by congress to begin with? rather than deal with the past 2 years, why didnt congress do its job before???

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    8. Re:Good, but will it pass? by Green+Mountain+Bot · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You could call it grandstanding. I prefer to call it "getting everyone to declare their position". If the House takes this up and passes it, great. If they don't, then it's clear that the House, and the speaker in particular are on the wrong side of the issue and need to be replaced. If it doesn't pass the Senate, and it's on party lines, then it's clear that the talk about "doing it the proper way" is just another in a long line of self-serving rules the GOP insists Democrats observe while doing nothing of the sort themselves.

    9. Re:Good, but will it pass? by FudRucker · · Score: 2

      they just need to convince trump that if he does not cooperate with shumer that the rest of the democrats & congress & the senate will spend the rest of trump's term making him the lamest duck possible

      --
      Politics is Treachery, Religion is Brainwashing
    10. Re:Good, but will it pass? by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 2

      Even if the Senate Dems were to vote in lockstep, which is less than clear, this would have to pass in the House as well, then survive a presidential veto.

      That veto might not be such a sure thing if there is enough bipartisan support. A law passed by congress is easier to for him to support than a regulatory requirement that can be changed a the whim of the next administration, which was the worst part of the previous net neutrality approach.

    11. Re:Good, but will it pass? by jmccue · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I guess it is time to spend some karma.

      The net neutrality rules were exploited by large corporations (especially Netflix, Google and Amazon)

      Really, I pay to get access to the net, now people need to pay my ISP to allow me to see their content ? Never mind these large ISPs got large tax breaks to run the cables.

      Comcast and other ISPs had a 20+ year lead on the net and now they are crying because some brand new companies came alone and are now eating their lunch! So much for the "free market working" phrase so many people yell about. Believe it or not, that is how the market is suppose to work. You do not innovate, you fail.

    12. Re: Good, but will it pass? by guruevi · · Score: 2

      The repeal only restored previous legislation, you know where communications providers were common carriers and couldnâ(TM)t screw with connections at all or couldnâ(TM)t reform into a monopoly.

      We had a working Internet that drove bubbles and had plenty of startups all with existing legislation. Since Obamaâ(TM)s âoenon-Neutralityâ all we had is a return of Ma Bell now called Spectrum.

      --
      Custom electronics and digital signage for your business: www.evcircuits.com
    13. Re:Good, but will it pass? by Rick+Schumann · · Score: 2

      The political needle is slammed all the way over to the right at the moment, if it can't manage to start swinging back towards the left, then there's something more serious going on than what we've been seeing since inauguration day.

    14. Re:Good, but will it pass? by John.Banister · · Score: 3, Informative

      Or they could just pass it with sufficient margin as to make a veto attempt pointless, like they did with the Russia sanctioning legislation. Internet in this country is so shitty already, that "voted for slow lanes" may be a label that almost every federal representative wants to avoid. "It's 'cause they voted for slow lanes," is the world's simplest conspiracy theory every time a voter's connection makes them wait.

    15. Re:Good, but will it pass? by Obfuscant · · Score: 3, Informative

      Because it was the FCC's job, which the FCC just chose to stop doing.

      Except for the fact that congress told the FCC not to do it, you're right. From this: "Back in the 1990s, key Democratic senators insisted Congress never intended Title II for broadband." So the people who wrote the laws said that Title II wasn't supposed to be applied to broadband.

      That's why having the FCC decide to do it that way is the wrong way to do it. Congress needs to pass an explicit law. Not just a law telling the FCC to go back to the way they weren't supposed to be doing it, a law that does it the right way. Schumer is wasting everyone's time playing political football instead of trying to actually solve a problem.

    16. Re:Good, but will it pass? by AlanBDee · · Score: 2

      The Trump landslide where he got more votes than any other candidate ever

      I don't know how you do math, but Trump did not win by a land slide, not even close: http://www.politifact.com/trut...

    17. Re: Good, but will it pass? by LiENUS · · Score: 2

      The repeal only restored previous legislation, you know where communications providers were common carriers and couldnâ(TM)t screw with connections at all or couldnâ(TM)t reform into a monopoly.

      Uh the 2015 ruling that they repealed was to apply Title II regulation to the isps for the first time, for those who aren't particularily well versed in fcc regulations, Title II is common carrier status. The FCC repealed Common carrier status, so ISPS are no longer common carriers.

    18. Re:Good, but will it pass? by Obfuscant · · Score: 2

      So both parties, the FCC and congress have changed their mind on who's job it is.

      So pass a law making it so.

      Where it stood a month ago was that the FCC had decided it was their job and were doing it,

      No, where it stood a month ago was that Obama had told them to do it and they hadn't gotten around to reversing it yet.

      presumably because congress had not done it, presumably because it would compromise considerable funding streams

      Whenever Congress doesn't do something you want, it's always because they're corrupt and horrible. It's never because they don't think it is the right thing to do.

      Enforcing net neutrality is actually an important function of government.

      That's an interesting opinion, one which not everyone shares. Some people think keeping government out of the Internet is a good idea.

      I travel a lot and the internet does indeed suck in places that don't have enforced net neutrality laws

      I also travel, and I've seen no such massive problems.

    19. Re:Good, but will it pass? by kenh · · Score: 2

      So both parties, the FCC and congress have changed their mind on who's job it is.

      The Constitution says it's Congress's responsibility.

      Congress says it's Congress's responsibility - Congress never deferred to the FCC on this.

      Where it stood a month ago was that the FCC had decided it was their job and were doing it, presumably because congress had not done it.

      The FCC doesn't get to just decide to "step-in and do something" because the responsible party failed to act.

      President Obama tried that line of reasoning with DACA, and we can all admire how well that reasoning worked out for the Dreamers...

      --
      Ken
  2. Fuck Ajit Pai by Nick · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Just need a simple majority. Doug Jones will be in the Senate, they can't likely wheel McCain's corpse in for a vote, and Collins (R) supports Net Neutrality. Couple this with only 16% of Americans and ignorant enough to believe repealing NN is somehow a good thing for them, the Senators that have a fight on their hands for re-election are going to do whatever they can to get re-elected, even if it means voting to kill off the FCC vote. BTW, fuck Ajit Pai.

    --
    Fuck Ajit Pai
    1. Re:Fuck Ajit Pai by MMC+Monster · · Score: 2

      Sounds reasonable.

      BTW, fuck Ajit Pai.

      --
      Help! I'm a slashdot refugee.
    2. Re:Fuck Ajit Pai by argStyopa · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You *do* understand that this is simply how it's supposed to work, right?

      The executive offices issue rules on trivia not important enough to rise to the level of writing law.

      If an issue DOES rise to that level, then Congress gets involved, writes law, and supercedes the rules written by bureaucrats.

      *Exactly* how the whole thing is supposed to go down, according to the founders.

      --
      -Styopa
    3. Re:Fuck Ajit Pai by Hal_Porter · · Score: 3, Insightful

      No dude. The Democrats are bound to win if they run on

      1) Gun control
      2) Hate speech bans for people who use the wrong pronoun or argue with liberals on social media
      3) Title II regulation for ISPs
      4) Unlimited illegal immigration to force down working class wages
      5) Punishing people who refuse to bake cake for gay weddings

      http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-c...

      All this 'sticking up for the working man' stuff is so last century.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
  3. So you finally want to do it the PROPER way? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The proper way to implement significant policy changes is to change the law.

    Because what's done via a pen and a phone are just are properly undone by a pen and a phone.

  4. Re:Any Republicans Going to Vote to Reverse? by DaMattster · · Score: 2

    Unless they have a couple of Republicans who are willing to go against Trump and the FCC this ain't gonna happen.

    Trump's approval rating is in the gutter and he's taking the GOP with it. There are some GOP congresspeople concerned for their jobs so I think you'll be surprised at the number of Republicans whom vote to override the FCC.

  5. Re:Any Republicans Going to Vote to Reverse? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    A big part of the FCC's action was based on a belief that unelected FCC commissioners should not be writing regulations that supercede state control and FTC protections.

    Laws passed by our elected representatives in Congress are a completely different story than FCC regulations. It is perfectly possible to support a law mandating net neutrality and also support Pai withdrawing the FCC-level mandate.

    Of course, using the CRA to reinstate net neutrality is just plain stupid, because it leaves the unelected FCC in control of the regulations. A CRA resolution would stop the FCC from changing the common-carrier classification, but it would leave the doors wide open to totally changing the meaning of "net neutrality". That is, you could have your net neutrality and find out it only applies to content under the creative control of the ISPs (like Fairness Doctrine) or even more egregious, has something to do with connections of neutral wires to lightning arrestors. To anyone who actually thinks the net neutrality repeal is about pleasing the big corporations rather than federal-state and FCC-FTC balancing, handing the reins back to the same three FCC punks sounds like the worst possible outcome.

    Personally, I think that Pai's "net neutrality repeal" which actually is a common carrier reclassification that takes the FCC out of the picture, together with state or municipal regulation, is the correct answer. But I'm far less upset by the possibility of Congress passing an actual law defining net neutrality compared to the "save net neutrality but only until the composition of the FCC board changes again" side that has been making such a big fuss.

  6. When will the insanity end by SuperKendall · · Score: 2

    So, there will be a vote to repeal the rule that the FCC passed." The Federal Communications Commission voted to repeal its own net neutrality rules last week

    So this is a vote to repeal the FCC repealing an original action - three levels removed!

    When will this insanity end? Why not put together a REAL bill that would lay out what Net Neutrality really meant? They are using this weasel technique to try and avoid actually having to state what Network Neutrality is, because the original FCC order was to the benefit of companies, not consumers.

    I have all along said that I don't dislike the concept of Net Neutrality, but what the FCC actually had was the opposite of that because it bound ISP's in many ways that had nothing to do with equal network access, and also provided a foothold for government dictating how the internet worked.

    I would love to support a simple bill that clearly laid out REAL network neutrality - but you can bet you'll never see such a thing from ANY party in DC.

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
  7. Re:Any Republicans Going to Vote to Reverse? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 2

    Trump's approval rating is in the gutter

    In general, yes. But not with his base. 75% of Republicans think he is doing a good job. His approval rating is even higher with the wingnuts likely to vote in the primaries.

    There are some GOP congresspeople concerned for their jobs

    Most of them fear a primary challenge more than a general election defeat.

  8. Re:Any Republicans Going to Vote to Reverse? by yodleboy · · Score: 2

    I'd agree. Supporting this is an easy way to get points for the next elections. One of those times where politicians can buck the party line with very little risk involved. Except to see GOP congresspeople in places with a legitimate Democrat threat voting to roll back this asinine FCC decision. How many of them do that will determine whether Trump signs off.

  9. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by buss_error · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Democrats REALLY want the Federal Government to gain control of the Internet.

    I am a progressive. I do not want the government to control the internet, and I sure don't want the corporations with government granted monopolies to control it either.

    Here's a thought for you: If you don't want the government to step in here, then pass "One Touch Make Ready" and strike down the laws the telecoms got enacted to prevent cities and counties to establish co-ops for internet. They don't have to allow tv, just internet. That would restore open market freedoms and elemenate the telecom monopolies.

    --
    Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom. It is the argument of tyrants; it is the creed of slaves.
  10. How is that a win by SuperKendall · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Step back and think about this on a purely tactical level.

    If the measure passes, the Democrats will be given credit even if every single Republican voted for it.

    If the measure loses, the situation for the Republicans is not any different than it was today since it's something almost no-one will every know about, and certainly very few voters will care about way off in November.

    Republicans voting for this can only lose, there is literally nothing to gain.

    Some may still do so though, so it may pass. Not sure what the repercussions are of passing something that denies the FCC has the ability to choose what to do, but if you actually think about things long term it seems like a super-bad precedent to set in terms of choices other agencies make being overridden in similar ways.

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
  11. Re:Theater by Green+Mountain+Bot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    That, and to demonstrate the the GOP is not interested in Net Neutrality in any form. The idea that political theater has no value is an odd one - it demonstrates where the parties differ.

  12. Might very well pass by Okian+Warrior · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If it's a simple majority I think Ajit Pai is going to have his ass handed to him by Congress, and rightly so.

    Even if the Senate Dems were to vote in lockstep, which is less than clear, this would have to pass in the House as well, then survive a presidential veto. That's not going to happen, and TFA says as much. This is nothing but political posturing on Schumer's part.

    It might very well pass, both House and president.

    The main problem with the existing legislation was legal, not technical. It was passed in opposition to Congress' explicit instructions.

    NN is a good idea, when viewed on its technical merits, and if a law gets passed that's a good thing.

    Ajit Pai won't be getting "his ass handed to him", he'll be getting explicit direction from congress which is the correct way to do this.

  13. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by PopeRatzo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I am a progressive. I do not want the government to control the internet

    Then it's a good thing that Net Neutrality rules don't put the government in control of the internet.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  14. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by IMightB · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Do people not remember the origin of "The Internet"? It started as a Defense Project to ensure communications in the event of a nuclear war... They opened it up to universities, and then to the public. Back then they did a fairly decent job of being hand-off. It wasn't until they turned over to private corps, that it started to go downhill.

  15. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by ravenshrike · · Score: 2

    The fact of the matter is that if all the money and time spent on NN was instead spent on the one touch make ready stuff and eliminating municipal exclusivity agreements you would have laws that bypassed the need for NN entirely.

  16. Americans are weird by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I find it weird Americans are more divided over whether or not to support having health care than they are over whether they're okay with slow Internet connections. They'd rather be dead than have porn that buffers.

  17. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by Darinbob · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Even the most rabid libertarian agrees that government is necessary for the common defense. In this case, we need a common defense against corporations. Regulations are necessary to prevent free market abuse, and anyone who thinks zero regulation makes the free market work best doesn't know very much about about history.

  18. Re:Good news by Green+Mountain+Bot · · Score: 5, Informative

    The legislature enacts LAWS. Federal agencies enacts RULES to enforce those laws. In this case, the FCC was enforcing the Telecom Act of 1934. A federal judge found this to be a lawful application of rules by the FCC in 2015.

  19. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Informative

    You have a common defense against corporations. It's called "the free market."

    There is no such thing as a "free market". Free markets do not exist in nature. Markets are only created where there is sufficient government.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  20. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Informative

    Net neutrality rules increases government control of the internet.

    No, they don't. There is nothing in net neutrality rules that would affect who or what can connect to the internet. Once again, I guess I have to post a simple, straightforward definition of net neutrality:

    https://www.eff.org/issues/net...

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  21. Re: From whence came the Internet ... by thomst · · Score: 5, Informative

    IMightB inquired:

    Do people not remember the origin of "The Internet"? It started as a Defense Project to ensure communications in the event of a nuclear war... They opened it up to universities, and then to the public. Back then they did a fairly decent job of being hand-off. It wasn't until they turned over to private corps, that it started to go downhill.

    As it turns out, that's a common belief - and it's wrong.

    While it's true that a 1962 RAND Corporation white paper authored by Paul Baran theorized that a packet-switched data network could allow military communications to survive a general nuclear war, that was entirely a thought experiment. The Department of Defense filed it away and largely forgot about it.

    It wasn't until 1965, after accepting a position at DARPA, that an electrical engineer named Robert W. Taylor first got the idea for what would eventually become first the DARPAnet, then the ARPAnet, and finally the Internet.

    As a condition of the DARPA grants that helped fund their experiments, research teams at three different major research centers were required to install remote terminals at DARPA for their - entirely separate and self-contained - multi-user mainframe systems. These were the first computers to operate interactively, rather than in what mainframers call "batch mode", and support multiple, concurrent user sessions via dumb terminals with line printers as their "displays". One of Taylor's assignments was to monitor and liase with the scientists who built and ran this trio of individual experimental systems, and he quickly noticed that something very like what we would think of as newsgroups spontaneously appeared on all three systems. (That is to say that computer scientists who had accounts on all three, separate, not interconnected in any way systems had each decided that something very much like a computer BBS or Usenet-style messaging system would be a useful addition, and had - again, independently - hacked such a tool together for the users of each of these systems to communicate with each other in a way that had some degree of persistence and which was accessible to the entire user community of that particular machine.)

    The fact that users on each system had more-or-less-simultaneously decided such a tool was desireable, and had developed code to create it - and we're talking three different sets of code here - without ever communicating with the other two teams greatly interested and excited Taylor. He immediately wondered what would happen if all three systems were physically connected together in a way that would allow their users to communicate not only with each other, but with users on the other two systems, as well. He took that idea to his supervisor, one Charles Herzfeld, who thought it might have merit. Herszfeld asked Taylor to draw up a formal proposal, and committed, sight unseen, to fund it to the tune of a million dollars (which was real money in 1965).

    So Taylor wrote a proposal, and with a million bucks to spend on it approached the managers of the three, separate multiuser systems with his idea to interconnect their systems. All three turned him down flat.

    Robert W. Taylor was from Texas, where they grow 'em stubborn, so he persisted in pitching his idea to the three managers of different, multiuser mainframe systems, despite their continued objections that each saw no merit in his proposal, and each considered it a potentially major distraction from the purposes for which each of their disparate systems had been created. Eventually, over the course of time, he wore them down to the point where he got two of them to agree to at least test the idea. It took nearly two years from then before all the ducks were duly aligned, the necessary equipment designed and built, and the long-distance, dedicated telephone lines contracted for.

    At 22:30 hours on October 29, 1969, the first two nodes of what was dub

    --
    Check out my novel.
  22. Re:Trump approval rating by Rakarra · · Score: 2, Informative

    Economy is going great

    "Great." The economy was also going "great" before the election, and none of the problems that existed then have really been solved now.

    stock market is soaring

    It was soaring well before the election. It's why Donald Trump mentioned as a candidate that the stock market was a bubble, that you couldn't trust its then-18,000 number. It was hitting record highs under Obama's watch, but Trump poh-pohed that, saying the economy was a disaster. He said this in Dec 2015, he said it in Apr 2016. In Sep 2016, he said "The only thing that is strong is the artificial stock market." Strange how once he got into office and the stock market continued its upwards trajectory that he's crowing about the numbers and incorrectly claiming that the mainstream media never mentions it.

    ISIS is defeated

    You present this as if this was a 180 from what was happening under the previous administration.
    The timeline of ISIS: They made rapid gains since their 2013 founding, peaking with the Caliphate establishment in mid-2014. At Baghdad's request, US planes start striking ISIS, and Obama announced a coalition to strike back against ISIS.
    Jan 2015: ISIS loses several Syrian border towns as the coalition pushes inward.
    Apr 2015: ISIS loses Tikrit, Iraq.
    Nov 2015: ISIS loses Sinjar province in Iraq.
    Feb 2016: ISIS loses Ramadi, capital of Anbar.
    Jun 2016: ISIS loses Fallujah after holding it for 2.5 years.
    Aug 2016: ISIS loses Mambij.
    Oct 2016: ISIS loses Dabiq, the town that they wanted to keep most of all. This is place they fervently believed would be the location of an apocalyptic battle, heralding end times.
    Nov 2016: The SDF starts chipping away at the ISIS capital in Syria, Raqqa.
    Oct 2016 - Feb 2017: ISIS loses Mosul, bit by bit. The last remnants are driven out by July.
    Oct 2016 - April 2017: After losses of territory, ISIS conducts series of suicide attacks.
    Jun 2017: Encirclement of Raqqa complete.
    Oct 2017: SDF declares victory in Raqqa.

    How much of the above was Trump? How much of that happened before he ever took office?

  23. Re:Republicans will vote as a bloc by Uberbah · · Score: 5, Interesting

    It's called "the free market."

    And the only "free market" is one that is open for buyers and sellers to freely enter to exchange money for goods and services. The only way to maintain openness is through a set of rules that are constantly and evenly enforced. There's a term for consistent and evenly enforced rules.

    Regulation.

  24. Re: From whence came the Internet ... by ImprovOmega · · Score: 2

    That was a profoundly interesting read. Thank you for the background information.