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Chinese Workers Abandon Silicon Valley for Riches Back Home (bloomberg.com)

From a report on Bloomberg: U.S.-trained Chinese-born talent is becoming a key force in driving Chinese companies' global expansion and the country's efforts to dominate next-generation technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning. Where college graduates once coveted a prestigious overseas job and foreign citizenship, many today gravitate toward career opportunities at home, where venture capital is now plentiful and the government dangles financial incentives for cutting-edge research. "More and more talent is moving over because China is really getting momentum in the innovation area," said Ken Qi, a headhunter for Spencer Stuart and leader of its technology practice. "This is only the beginning."

Chinese have worked or studied abroad and then returned home long enough that there's a term for them -- "sea turtles." But while a job at a U.S. tech giant once conferred near-unparalleled status, homegrown companies -- from giants like Tencent to up-and-comers like news giant Toutiao -- are now often just as prestigious. Baidu Inc. -- a search giant little-known outside of China -- convinced ex-Microsoft standout Qi Lu to helm its efforts in AI, making him one of the highest-profile returnees of recent years.

36 of 250 comments (clear)

  1. And yet.. by Sqreater · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Universities will not re-think allowing so many foreign students to take the seats of Americans.

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    E Proelio Veritas.
    1. Re:And yet.. by zlives · · Score: 4, Insightful

      you can blame the feds/states taking funding away and making them a business first. hey enjoy that tax break.

    2. Re:And yet.. by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Universities will not re-think allowing so many foreign students to take the seats of Americans.

      The limiting factor for universities is not the number of chairs in the classroom. It is money. Since foreign students pay full tuition, they are helping to fund all the Americans paying in-state tuition or getting scholarships.

      By "exporting" education, America earns billions of dollars and generates jobs for hundreds of thousands of university employees. Portraying this as a "bad thing" is idiotic. We should be working to make it far easier for foreign students to study in America.

    3. Re:And yet.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Universities will not re-think allowing so many foreign students to take the seats of Americans.

      I guess Universities aren't those bastions of leftist ideology, because cash is still king.

      Oh yes they are. Recently the University of California had a big raise in tuition. The UC Regents claimed they looked all over for money, looked all over for savings, waste, duplication, etc; and found no alternative to raising student tuition.

      Less than a year later they are announcing their great new program to give illegal aliens in-state tuition rather than out-of-state. They had no problem finding the money for that. That was quite the political move given the above.

    4. Re:And yet.. by HornWumpus · · Score: 3, Informative

      Just FYI. American schools do pretty well with better students, which isn't really a surprise, good students are easy.

      It's our bottom 20% that fuck the average. They're functionally illiterate and innumerate. Bottom half+ are innumerate, but that's no problem for liberal arts majors.

      Chinese grad students are still coming to the USA, just not in the numbers previously seen, going only to better schools.

      Qualified American STEM students skip grad school because they want the money, now.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    5. Re:And yet.. by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      I'd be more charitable about believing them if they hadn't sustained something like an average 7% increase over 30 years, whether the state funding was going up or down, and if the problem were limited to state schools. I think it's a complex problem, but easy loans and lavish spending on perks to make the schools appealing to wealthy international students seem to be large contributors. I'm not smart enough to resolve this, but at the very least I wonder why so much attention is spent seeking foreign dollars at taxpayer-funded schools. There was a time when you could fund your way through a 4-year state college with a crappy job. It didn't have $50 million student centers or food courts, but you got a decent education without getting buried in debt. There should be something to fill this void.

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      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    6. Re:And yet.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      It's amazing how we can blame foreigners and poor people for everything. How are foreign students going back home after getting education abroad even a problem? We're actively trying to kick people out of the country under this admin and we're blaming them for leaving? Hell, it is not easy to be allowed to stay in America. Plenty want to stay and couldn't after exhausting all their options.
      Also, plenty of Americans study abroad and move back home. Is that ok or not? If it's ok for them to do it, what is the difference besides a double standard? A lot of Asian companies actually hire western CEOs and managers and many move back home eventually. Is that good or bad?
      Maybe there is a percentage of foreign students that somehow have been able to take advantage of local scholarship or something, but as far as I'm aware most have to pay full tuition and actually subsidize local students. More local students can afford college because of them. It's the same reason we allow rich unqualified American students into some schools so their donation/bribe allow other students to go to school. Foreign students are not committing a crime or trying to harm people coming here to study. If it's somehow detrimental to the locals, then it's the schools that allow them in doing something wrong rather than those students signing up for an existing program.

    7. Re:And yet.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "Universities will not re-think allowing so many foreign students to take the seats of Americans."

      That just makes international universities more attractive places to attend.

      There are plenty of seats in university lecture halls, and much open time in those halls for more lectures. It's not seats, it's your intelligence or lack of ability to pay. No one is taking anything from you.

      This is like having a US commercial sports team reject international athletes. It's a less lucrative and interesting product.

      You might as well admit foreign students are smarter, richer, and more willing to take classes you can't. I'm a US citizen, got in and paid my way by myself through one of the most expensive national universities at the time I went to college, and I consider having international students at a university an integral part of my education experience.

      And you'd better be prepared to pay more. More for tuition. More for the teaching aids that teach many university classes. Pay out more for using research dollars going to research workers. I lot of university funding is from international students who pay up. There are several national security projects in the past that were implemented because of students from foreign countries in university positions.

      It's very strange you want to alienate international income in higher education, but have no problem with massive tax breaks international corporations have made out with, especially energy companies who build pipelines to export US natural gas overseas, or light sweet crude being exported out for mixing overseas, driving up barrel prices. The "market' increases in barrel or btu production alone since the tax "break" already has been eaten up.

      Once again, you advocate a position that actually hurts your chances at high education by raising the cost ceiling to you, while advocating companies get a free ride. What a ridiculous stance.

    8. Re:And yet.. by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      OK, I'll hold your hand for you, since you talk so sweetly:
      Number of colleges in 2000 (technically Title IV postsecondary institutions): 6,479 In 2013: 7,236. Total increase of 11.9%. Source
      Number of college students in 2000: 13.2 million In 2015: 17.0 million. Total increase of 29%. Source

      But just so you don't accuse me of cherry-picking numbers, let's use the larger increase of 45% between 2000 and 2012 from Pew - they only consider full-time students.

      From the same link:

      A major shift has occurred in the relative levels of funding provided by states and the federal government in recent years. By 2010, federal revenue per full-time equivalent (FTE) student surpassed that of states for the first time in at least two decades, after adjusting for enrollment and inflation. From 2000 to 2012, revenue per FTE student from federal sources going to public, nonprofit, and for-profit institutions grew by 32 percent in real terms, while state revenue fell by 37 percent. The number of FTE students at the nation’s colleges and universities grew by 45 percent during the same period. Without adjusting for enrollment growth, total federal revenue grew by 92 percent from $43.3 billion to $83.2 billion in real terms, while state revenue fell by 9 percent from $77.8 billion to $70.8 billion after adjusting for inflation.

      To sum up, enrollment increased by 45%. Number of schools rose by around 12%. Total state and federal direct funding (sans loans and tax credits) went from $121.1 billion to $154.0 billion, for a total of 27% increase in direct funding. In addition to that, tax credits have increased from around $12 billion to around $31 billion. Add that to the direct funding and you have $133.1 billion vs $185.0 billion, or a total increase of 39%. Enter student loans. I get that these are meant to be repaid (except the subsidy) and should not count as direct subsidy. But the fact remains that they have increased 376% in the same time period.

      So if we use total enrollment, then direct funding has been approximately flat, but tax credits have increased substantially. If we use only full time students, then direct funding has decreased significantly, but when you add in tax credits the decrease is not as significant, around 6%. If you consider student loans to be a kind of subsidy, there certainly has been no decrease no matter how you run the numbers.

      I'm on firm ground, even if I don't have your silver tongue.

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    9. Re:And yet.. by rtb61 · · Score: 2

      Lets not drift all over the place with foreign students versus specifically students from China. Why could so many afford school in the US, well, because the government of China was paying and why were they paying because the government of China plays the long game, as well as the short and medium game. Train them in the US, to get a job in the US and to 'well', you get the spy vs spy ramifications. Why are the going back in numbers, maybe because the US is entirely corrupt and it is simply cheaper to buy what ever info or action you want from a US contractor totally willing to betray their country for profit, why not their bosses do, as do the lobbyists who the bosses pay and as do the politician who the lobbyists in turn pay. Cheapest way to spy on and corrupt the US government, pay lobbyists to do it for you or find those who will do it for them. Don't pay and those lobbyists will arrange attacks upon you for cheating them out of their rightful money. The Russian government learnt from that mistake and now pay much more attention to the model developed by the Israeli Mossad to turn the US government into a puppet state (those guys have Americans so bum fucked it's becoming an embarrassment for other US partners).

      Maybe others are just reading the writing on the wall and taking the long term view, which many Chinese do and most Americans do not. American is getting worse and worse becoming more and more an entirely corrupt fascist state and China is getting better and better, so long term bet, you are probably better off in China or say, even better work in China and live part time in say, Australia, some thing becoming increasingly popular in China. Yeah, USA, not so number one any more and drifting further and further down the charts. Yep more defence spending and less infrastructure spending will save you, sure. Just remember you must obey Israel first, they have paid for their control and will publicly ruthlessly punish any who disobey and this from the top down, this via their total control of US main stream media, RT foreign agent, what a joke Time/Disney/VIA/NBC/CBS/NEWS they are the foreign agents on the payroll of foreign corporations and governments and you people are schmucks for letting it happen.

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  2. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  3. Somebody would have to pay their tuition by rsilvergun · · Score: 3, Insightful

    and living expenses. The nice thing about foreign students isn't just that they pay more, it's that they have the money to pay. We've been cutting federal funding to Public Us non-stop since Clinton. Hell, I was there in the mid 90s when my school's paper started talking about how the cuts meant tuition would be over $10k by 2020. They were wrong, we passed that milestone in the mid 2000s. The schools didn't get that much more expensive to run either. Nor did the salaries go up all that much (the admin staff always made a tidy sum). We cut the funding, and it had to come from somewhere. Those tax cuts don't really pay for themselves, ya know.

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  4. Communism by fluffernutter · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Imagine that. A communist country overtaking a capitalist country in terms of innovation and quality of living. This goes against many discussions I have had here.

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    1. Re: Communism by Archtech · · Score: 2

      Patents and copyrights do a lot of harm. Jefferson always made a point of publishing any invention he made, or bought, free of charge in all the big city newspapers.

      Of course he died bankrupt.

      --
      I am sure that there are many other solipsists out there.
    2. Re:Communism by Archtech · · Score: 2

      No country is purely "communist" or "capitalist" or "fascist" or "democratic".

      Well, actually no country is democratic, period. Last ones I heard of were ancient Athens and Syracuse, right up until the free democratic citizens of Athens decided to conquer and enslave Syracuse - and got virtually all their men of military age killed.

      A generation later, Athens was an oligarchy much like present-day USA, and Syracuse was ruled by an iron-fisted tyrant.

      No one has tried democracy since, except the Swiss, who are said to find it quite suitable to their needs.

      --
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    3. Re:Communism by hey! · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Stalinism is only one of many proposed models of communism, albeit the one with the greatest success.

      China describes its own system as a form of market socialism, but in fact it's probably better thought of as a kind of state capitalism, with a parallel private sector in which the state freely interferes to suit public policy. While it's not a system I'd want to live under, it is undeniably successful.

      I'd describe the ideological stance of China's ruling party as post-communist Burkean conservatism. The emphasis is on getting the institutions they already have to work rather than pursuing Utopian schemes. Instead of using ideology to make policy decisions, policy decisions are made pragmatically and later rationalized, a stance described by Deng Xiao-peng's famous slogan, "Practice Is the Sole Criterion for the Truth".

      "Communist China" might well be the least ideological and most pragmatic society ever devised. This makes them formidable, because there's really nothing they can't do if it suits their purposes. For example President Xi is currently reducing state intervention in private sector businesses, something that would have been heresy in pre-Deng China. But it's not because he thinks it's right, it's because he thinks it will bring the country greater wealth. However that wouldn't stop him from nationalizing a business if he thought it was useful -- or more likely quietly forcing it to follow state directives. That wouldn't be wrong to their way of thinking.

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    4. Re:Communism by Dorianny · · Score: 2

      In my opinion the single biggest difference between Communist China and the rest of the failed Communist states (or Democracies for that matter) has been a peaceful leadership change every 10 years and a (unofficial but mostly adhered to) retirement age of 68 from the Party. This has allowed a constant flow of new leaders that have prevented stagnation, introduced new ideas and leadership styles. If they continue, this should lead to the consolidation of the rule of law and institutional memory as the primary drivers of the State

    5. Re:Communism by fredgiblet · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Yep. The benefits of a pragmatic authoritarian state. Here in America getting people to agree to get better health care for less money is a fight because "muh taxes." In China if something is obviously a better option then they just do it. I don't doubt that they have severe issues that are hidden from view, but at least they have leaders that know the meaning of the word pragmatic.

    6. Re:Communism by hey! · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Although the governance of the Communist Party of China is opaque, it's supreme authority is not the President or General Secretary. Theoretically it is the thirty member politburo, but in practice it seems to be the seven member Politburo Standing Committee, whose votes in effect have force of law.

      PSC members are chosen to provide an extensive array of party experience, representing expertise in local and regional government, internal party affairs and national security, and by that very nature represent deep and extensive connections throughout the party. It's not a bad way of doing things if you want them to be stable, but because the actual practice of power operates outside the formal Constitution of the nation or party it's hard to know for sure exactly how stable China is.

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    7. Re:Communism by hey! · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Well, China is struggling with providing health care to its population too, but they have an interesting approach: they're focusing a lot of their efforts in prevention and reduction of chronic diseases to buy them time as they build out their health care delivery systems.

      It's interesting to compare China vs. Russia, both post-communist states. China may have problems, but Russia is a basket case. China has a persistent corruption problem with officials charged with regulation; Russia is an outright kleptocracy. I think the difference between the two countries is this: mineral wealth. In Russia they can squabble out of riches they dig out of the ground, but if things don't work in China they've got nothing to squabble over.

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    8. Re:Communism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      China is a state capitalist system built on top of a stalinist system built on top of a fascist dictatorship built on top of a really shitty 2000 year long absolute monarchy. Their culture and state institutions have inherited a lot of garbage.

    9. Re:Communism by hey! · · Score: 2

      You make a good point, but it's important to note that "law" and "political authority" have different characters in the US and China. In the US even law is constrained by higher law and precedent. Lawfully constituted authority is checked by an independent judiciary and independent institutions like the press.

      You can think of it this way: the US system is designed around constraining a worst-case government, the Chinese system around enabling a best-case government.

      The problem is that nobody ever has a best case government, and the flexibility Chinese officials have in when and how to enforce laws actually limits the government's effectiveness in some cases. That is why, for example, China's air pollution laws have failed; officials feel free to ignore the law if it helps them meet their economic goals. This discretion may also be responsible for China's long-term corruption problems.

      No system is perfect. Designing your government around the worst case means that *good* governments are constrained from things they want to do too. In China if the Politburo wants certain kinds of people kept out of the country, it'll just happen. In the US, it may not, even though the idea is popular.

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    10. Re:Communism by AHuxley · · Score: 2

      China spent a few decades to understand who the USA educated its very best students.
      How they got tested before for years before university. Who got into university and why. What was done in lectures and given to study. What lab equipment was used for that generation considering the gov, mil, science, consumer products in the USA at the time.
      Say from the 1980's to 2017.
      Once China fully understood how the US education system worked and sorted populations over a generation. What created the best creative, innovative parts that ensured the USA kept winning at the time.
      No need to send as many of the best students to the USA as the domestic system is now better funded, as creative, as innovative and as fun as the best the USA has to offer at any price.
      The USA was studied on how it educates for a generation and the best results used to build up China.
      MI6 and the CIA thought all that "free" US education to counter communism would induce freedom and democracy into the minds of generations of the best students for when they went back to China.
      The West did not understand that China was taking the educational methods back and would not allow the Western lifestyles to alter its selected students allowed to study in the USA.
      China walked out with the US way to innovate and did not take democracy back.
      The USA did not get to change the way the visiting students viewed democracy and the need for democracy in China after that study in the US.

      The USA just gave its best education system to China for free.

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      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    11. Re:Communism by gweihir · · Score: 2

      Obviously, this must be blasphemous heresy. Well China is not really communist. They are some hybrid construct and basically do their own thing. And while there are very stupid things done there for ideological reasons (Ban pornography in a country that has overpopulation? Does not get any more stupid than that....), they are also doing quite a few things right. Of course, with the planned "social score", they just may go into full-blown fascism. But then they may not and actually make it work somehow. (Fascism never works. It always declines....

      It is really interesting to see what happens there, and no simple explanation actually fits.

      --
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  5. Re:Still many benefits in US by MightyYar · · Score: 5, Interesting

    We do a lot of business in China, and to retain good employees we basically pay double the going rate. If you are talented, you can command a big premium there. I wouldn't want to be a worker on the factory floor, but skilled technical people can do very nicely.

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    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  6. Re:Still many benefits in US by MightyYar · · Score: 2

    No. China. You can live very well in China for a lot less than you can in Silicon Valley.

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    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  7. Re: Enjoy shitting over a hole in the ground by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It is absolutely true that Chinese stuff *has been* inferior copied CRAP.

    But... you don't expect that to be true FOREVER, do you?

    If you are old enough, consider the development of Japan. After WW2, they produced pure junk, and badly copied junk at that. In the 1970s Made in Japan was the punchline that Made in China is now. But by 1980, Japanese was a solid brand. Innovation too. The thing is, first you crawl, then you walk, then you run. China is no longer in the crawling phase.

  8. Indians to the rescue. by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 2

    Don't worry. India still does not want the Sea Turtles back. So there will be enough Indian Americans to keep America on top.

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  9. China is not, nor have they ever been, communist by rsilvergun · · Score: 5, Interesting

    not even a little bit. They're a Kleptocracy. Calling them communist a) gives their system of government more legitimacy than it deserves and b) puts a bad shine on Democratic Socialism, which thanks to a decades long campaign of attacks by various members of the ruling class gets associated with Chinese style Kleptocracy.

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  10. Time was by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 2, Interesting

    We could dangle financial success as the motivator for getting good talent over here. That's always been understood to be a temporary thing given that the rest of the world can only get richer. Passing laws over here that encouraged outsourcing wealth-generating industries like manufacturing to there hurried that along faster than was good for America, however.

    "No worries!" proclaimed the coastal elistists, "for American freedom entices the whole world to flock here!" Well, in principle yes. But given the way Big Tech in Silicon Valley seems to be about as open and tolerance as Mao's China or Pol Pot's Cambodia (that's not as big of an exaggeration as it used to be, for you can now be fired and blacklisted from tech for your politics), we can't really claim that as an advantage either.

    So let's look inward and ask ourselves an honest question: We've got money, we've got clean air and "green" but they also have money, and the comfort of the home culture and neither one of us has more freedom than the other, and while their schools don't measure up to ours (yet), our schools are at best a decade from all turning into Evergreen State. Berkeley has already fallen down that moronic rabbit hole. What do we do to make America a desirable place to be again? This is a practical question. The foreigners with means to leave are the canaries in the coal mine. Listen carefully and you'll hear people who already have power and influence (cough Bernie Sanders, cough cough) itching for policies that will turn this place into Venezuela. Venezuela used to be rich and no one would have thought twenty years ago that it would go so far down in such a short amount of time.

    1. Re:Time was by fredgiblet · · Score: 2

      Because it fits the narrative that the Right MUST believe in that socialism is inherently bad and cannot succeed. If they admit that it can work just fine in moderate doses then half the reason to vote Republican fails.

  11. Given restrictions on US side, this is good by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 5, Interesting

    From the viewpoint that the US is not highly welcoming of highly educated US-educated PhDs and Masters from other nations, unlike most EU nations and Canada, it makes sense that they would return to China, where they don't prop up failing fossil fuel industries and have high speed rail, instead of trying to remain in a country in denial that it's the 21st Century already.

    Now, this does point out that it would be in America's interest to encourage highly-educated US-educated PhDs and Masters recipients to remain, via expedited citizenship procedures, as occurs in the EU, UK, and Canada. But that's just an objective viewpoint.

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  12. Re: Enjoy shitting over a hole in the ground by Bob+the+Super+Hamste · · Score: 2

    It was more in the 50s and 60s that made in Japan meant garbage. That started changing in the 70s when it meant inexpensive but good quality, and by the 80s made in japan was something to be looked for. Before WWII the Japanese did make high quality stuff but when your country is basically destroyed after a war and then occupied for 10 or so years it tends to be kind of shitty for a while as you rebuild and recover.

    I am mostly familiar with this in regards to cameras and optics but I get the impression that most other Japanese industries were similar. While inexpensive at the time those Japanese SLRs from the really late 60s and 70s were really high quality being as good or better than others offered at the time. The lens quality that they produced was great for prime lenses back then which hasn't change much other than better coatings and some different low dispersion glass mixtures (no more thorium glass). Even the quality of work outsourced to them (series 1 Vivitars) which while not Japanese designed are basically as good as can be found now. I still use old Super Takumars (single coating, no thorium glass) from the 60s, SMC Takumars (multicoated optics and some have that wonderful thorium glass) from the 70s, and a Series 1 Vivitar from the 70s (if you don't know what these are and are into photography use one and see just how good vintage glass can be) on modern cameras. For those who pixel peep they are as good, when operated competently, as modern high end lenses and will curb stomp modern non-high end lenses. To be fair modern zooms are almost always better as are ultra wide angles that the old ones as they benefited greatly by the additional computational power that could be thrown at their design although there are some good older zooms from the 80s that while a bit slow are still pretty damn nice.

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    Time to offend someone
  13. Quality of life in China by aberglas · · Score: 2

    For the tech elite, quality is good. Main issues is uneasiness about the government and being able to breath.

    But for the bottom 80%, they are still an underdeveloped and struggling.

    Mind you, I would not want to be poor in the USA either. But certainly the bottom 50% of non-US western countries lives better than most Chinese.

  14. What they learnt. by aberglas · · Score: 2

    Not entirely true that the Chinese students did not pick up anything about freedom, democracy and the civil society. That is why the Chinese government has started to actively discourage western education as leading to "cultural incompatibility".

    China is changing again, fast. And this time not for the better. Xi Jinping is taking them towards a dark place. Total control by a hierarchical party, enforced by all encompassing technology. Social media is a tool for control, not freedom, if used "correctly". An the AI the Chinese want is to control.

    What will happen when, inevitably, the economy stops growing so fast and corruption becomes more obvious? When a leader claws his way to the top that is not as cunning as Xi Jinping, and causes grief. Unlike Trump, they cannot be voted out.

    Taiwan is toast. But what about the rest of us?

    1. Re:What they learnt. by AHuxley · · Score: 4, Interesting

      China has a political firewall to keep democracy and the CIA, MI6 out.
      The only remaining "civil society" in China is communist.
      The generation of students who got back in university in China after the Cultural Revolution by passing university entrance exams had to be good Communists.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
      The students that got allowed to study in the USA for years could only be very good Communists. They would have not been allowed to go to the USA if they where not fully treated to stay loyal to China.
      Re "What will happen when, inevitably, the economy stops growing so fast and corruption becomes more obvious?"

      If a person wants to keep their education, uniform and rank, good city living conditions, healthcare, pension, keep good standing with the Communist list party they don't show up to protest.
      Take part in a protest? All the normal things a person worked so hard for can be removed during one interview.
      Education? No graduation, no results can be found. Address? Not in the good part of a nice city anymore. Healthcare? Much less. Pension? Much less. Wage? Reduced to minimum. Show a good attitude by denouncing others and some of that quality of life will be restored.
      Every protester is turned into an informant.
      East Germany had its Zersetzung to change minds about freedom and democracy.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
      China is changing in the way it never lets a protest start by going after everyone who protests. Not just all the CIA, MI6 backed protest leaders.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"