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Microbes May Help Astronauts Transform Human Waste Into Food (phys.org)

A Penn State researcher team has shown that it is possible to rapidly break down solid and liquid waste to grow food with a series of microbial reactors, while simultaneously minimizing pathogen growth. They reported their findings in the journal Life Sciences in Space Research. Phys.Org reports: To test their idea, the researchers used an artificial solid and liquid waste that's commonly used in waste management tests. They created an enclosed, cylindrical system, four feet long by four inches in diameter, in which select microbes came into contact with the waste. The microbes broke down waste using anaerobic digestion, a process similar to the way humans digest food. The team found that methane was readily produced during anaerobic digestion of human waste and could be used to grow a different microbe, Methylococcus capsulatus, which is used as animal feed today. The team concluded that such microbial growth could be used to produce a nutritious food for deep space flight. They reported in Life Sciences in Space Research that they grew M. capsulatus that was 52 percent protein and 36 percent fats, making it a potential source of nutrition for astronauts.

Because pathogens are also a concern with growing microbes in an enclosed, humid space, the team studied ways to grow microbes in either an alkaline environment or a high-heat environment. They raised the system's pH to 11 and were surprised to find a strain of the bacteria Halomonas desiderata that could thrive. The team found this bacteria to be 15 percent protein and 7 percent fats. At 158 degrees Fahrenheit, which kills most pathogens, they grew the edible Thermus aquaticus, which consisted of 61 percent protein and 16 percent fats.

48 of 103 comments (clear)

  1. World Food Problem Solved by Nothing2Chere · · Score: 2, Funny

    Looks like they've solved the 3rd world food problem. Just don't tell anyone what it's made from.

    1. Re:World Food Problem Solved by Nutria · · Score: 1

      There's already more than enough food for everyone. It's why Paul Ehrlich's 1960s neo-Malthusian predictions of mass starvation in the 1970s never happened.

      --
      "I don't know, therefore Aliens" Wafflebox1
    2. Re:World Food Problem Solved by sysrammer · · Score: 1

      IT'S PEOPLE!

      --
      His ignorance covered the whole earth like a blanket, and there was hardly a hole in it anywhere. - Mark Twain
    3. Re: World Food Problem Solved by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Or methane. Ruminants are a major source of methane emissions. And yes, it's not mostly the third world that enjoys beef steaks.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    4. Re:World Food Problem Solved by Baron_Yam · · Score: 1

      >Looks like they've solved the 3rd world food problem. Just don't tell anyone what it's made from.

      We don't really have a 'food' problem, we have an energy problem... it's just that Nature's put a lot of unnecessary steps between us and the energy source.

      Let's say, in theory, you could wear one of these reactor kits on a belt with a tube coming out your rectum as its input, and a tube feeding your stomach as its output... you're still not a perpetual motion machine. It takes energy to convert bodily waste back into fuel for your body.

      Humans being humans, a perfect waste recycling system just means we'll breed more until we're starving again.

    5. Re:World Food Problem Solved by sysrammer · · Score: 1

      Try selling at as lager.

      They already do. It's called Coors Light.

      --
      His ignorance covered the whole earth like a blanket, and there was hardly a hole in it anywhere. - Mark Twain
  2. Prior art. by Brett+Buck · · Score: 5, Funny

    They already make a substance that appears to be bioprocessed human waste. It's called Marmite.

    1. Re:Prior art. by amalcolm · · Score: 1

      Marmite is actually by-product of the brewing industry. Perhaps you've been over-indulging in their products /humour

      --
      Time for bed, said Zebedee - boing
    2. Re:Prior art. by amalcolm · · Score: 1

      It's interesting that Marmite has become so well known for it's ability to divide opinion over the taste. Personally I love it, having been fed it since I was a baby. I can understand there are those who hate it just as much, but the fact is in continues to sell very well.

      --
      Time for bed, said Zebedee - boing
    3. Re:Prior art. by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      In New Zealand, I actually developed a taste for this. One of our species' principal survival advantages is the amazing variety of things we can eat.

    4. Re:Prior art. by MetricT · · Score: 1

      You misspelled "Velveeta".

    5. Re:Prior art. by Brett+Buck · · Score: 1

      Normally. I wouldn't, but this reaction is perfect (see at 00:45)

        https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

  3. I have a better solution! by aglider · · Score: 1

    Microbes + plants + animals + sun creates food for humans (and for themselves) from dirt.

    This is a set of well established processes we haven't fully understood. This is why we are trying to destroy them.
    So "just microbes" is less effective.

    --
    Sent as ripples into the electromagnetic field. No single photon has been harmed in the process.
  4. Eat-a-Tweet by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    Eat-a-Tweet

  5. It might be nutritious... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...but I hear it tastes like shit.

  6. Growing microbes in vats for food by Nutria · · Score: 1

    reminds me of Trantor in Asimov's Federation Series, where they grew microbes (yeast in the story) in huge vats to feed 40 billion people.

    --
    "I don't know, therefore Aliens" Wafflebox1
    1. Re:Growing microbes in vats for food by JaredOfEuropa · · Score: 1

      I recall reading that it took a huge fleet of ships bringing in produce to feed Trantor, and that a fleet of ships removed the human waste off-world. And a rumour that both fleets were one and the same...

      --
      If construction was anything like programming, an incorrectly fitted lock would bring down the entire building...
    2. Re:Growing microbes in vats for food by Nutria · · Score: 1

      You're right. One of the regions grew yeast, and -- in the decades since I read it -- must have forgotten one and magnified the other.

      --
      "I don't know, therefore Aliens" Wafflebox1
  7. Re: "astronauts" by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

    Of course not. But expenses are only enormous until they aren't. And this seems like a rather nice step in that direction.

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20
  8. India by Sigvatr · · Score: 4, Funny

    In other news, Indian street food prices tumble.

  9. Quite normal. by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Microbes May Help Astronauts Transform Human Waste Into Food

    since Astronauts Transform Food Into Human Waste Thanks To Microbes.

    --
    Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
  10. Halfway milestone already reached! by Opportunist · · Score: 1

    The research to turn shit into butter has already reached the 50% mark.

    It spreads already as it should, just the taste is still slightly off.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    1. Re:Halfway milestone already reached! by billybob2001 · · Score: 1

      That idea makes my stomach churn.

    2. Re:Halfway milestone already reached! by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Mission accomplished.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    3. Re:Halfway milestone already reached! by apoc.famine · · Score: 1

      That idea makes my stomach churn.

      Thus helping complete the cycle.

      --
      Velociraptor = Distiraptor / Timeraptor
  11. Diet dependent ; Changes by DrYak · · Score: 2

    There's already more than enough food for everyone.

    It's more complicated than that. Depends on what people eat.

    Globally, yes, planet earth can produce more food than need to keep everyone fed ( for a certain definition of "fed" ).

    But if every body decide they want to have the same exact food diet as people in the developed world (think about USAmerican's love of steak. It's an entirely different approach to the word "fed" compared to above) : then you'll need at least 3 Earths worth of food production to keep everyone happy.

    It's why Paul Ehrlich's 1960s neo-Malthusian predictions of mass starvation in the 1970s never happened.

    No. That's more to do that those predictions (which also serves as inspirations for movies such as Soylent Green) are based on what would happen if the then tendencies were kept as is : if everybody kept reproducing like rabbits, today's world might look a bit like the over-populated slum that the science fiction back then predicted.

    Except that the tendencies didn't keep. Demographic transition happened. People actually stopped reproducing as rabbits. Even the poorest developing country are nowadays showing progressive reducing of population growth.

    So because the tendencies on which these prediction were made didn't keep, the prediction didn't come to happen. (Well, you still have over populated slums here and there, but not planet-wide).

    --
    "Sufficiently advanced satire is indistinguishable from reality." - [Tips: 1DrYakQDKCQ6y52z6QbnkxHXAocMZJE61o ]
    1. Re:Diet dependent ; Changes by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

      Meat replacement products are going to be huge in the near future. If you haven't tried something like an Impossible Burger you will be surprised just how much like real meat it actually is. And that's before we get to lab grown meat.

      People will want this stuff not primarily because they care about the environment, but because it's healthier and cheaper. Meat grown in a sterile environment will need less drugs during it's lifetime, and will be engineered to be high quality/taste without all the effort that goes into making animals that way.

      Eventually McDonalds will switch. Real meat may more or less go away completely, as it becomes hard to justify keeping animals in captivity and then killing them for food that is inferior to the synthetic stuff.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    2. Re:Diet dependent ; Changes by Nutria · · Score: 1

      No. That's more to do that those predictions (which also serves as inspirations for movies such as Soylent Green) are based on what would happen if the then tendencies were kept as is

      Denying the truth will not set you free.

      Early editions of the book wrote, The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now. At this late date nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate.

      The world's death rate has dropped by 23% since 1970.

      He and his wife also completely missed the agricultural Green Revolution which had been happening for 40 years by 1968.

      if everybody kept reproducing like rabbits, today's world might look a bit like the over-populated slum

      Ehrlich's solution? Human sterilants added to food. The option isn't even open to us, thanks to the criminal inadequacy of biomedical research in this area.

      that the science fiction back then predicted.

      Science Fiction loves drama and spectacle, while denying reality, just as much as every other genre.

      --
      "I don't know, therefore Aliens" Wafflebox1
    3. Re:Diet dependent ; Changes by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      He and his wife also completely missed the agricultural Green Revolution which had been happening for 40 years by 1968.

      He may have completely missed it, but you're missing the fact that these Green Revolutions aren't going to happen over and over again every time the world needs more food.

    4. Re:Diet dependent ; Changes by Nutria · · Score: 1

      And the world population is not forecasted to indefinitely grow, either. "10 billion" is the typical max, due to urbanization and the education of women.

      Thus... no need for eternal green revolutions (or the forced starvation of countries, which Ehrlich thought was a great idea).

      --
      "I don't know, therefore Aliens" Wafflebox1
  12. Real world food ? by DrYak · · Score: 2

    And by the way, the stuff that these scientists created from human dukey is not food. It may have a similar ratio of fats & protein as food, but it's not food. Astronauts will eat each other before they eat some cultured turd yogurt.

    And what do you think real food is made from ?
    Which substances do you think the plants process to transform into more plants (i.e.: more food) thanks to the solar power ?
    Do you really think that plants make themselves using solidified light ?

    HINT: Look up the word "manure".

    This project is basically doing the same thing, only scaled down and accelerated by using a different set of bacteria and yeast only, compared to the usual set of bacteria + plants that do the exact same stuff every day in agriculture.
    (But it's going to be difficult to pack a whole field in a space ship, so hence the interest)

    You see it as a "toilet-to-mouth" system, but you should more realistically think of it as a pocket-sized field to grow food out of your (human produced) manure.

    --
    "Sufficiently advanced satire is indistinguishable from reality." - [Tips: 1DrYakQDKCQ6y52z6QbnkxHXAocMZJE61o ]
  13. Eat shit and Fly by orbit500 · · Score: 1

    NASA recruitment slogan?

  14. Re:HILLARY CLINTON SOLD URANIUM TO RUSSIANS! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Sorry, "But but Hillary..." isn't a legal defense. If you think you've got something on either one of the Clintons, you go right ahead and indict. HINT: their whiny-bitch-snowflake room-temperature-IQ enemies have been trying to do so for over 30 years, without one shred of success. Or evidence.

  15. No one has made the connection yet. by upuv · · Score: 2

    If this tech is developed for Space travel or is an outcome of research into supporting us in space then it can most likely be ported into farming.

    Who says this tech has to be used to feed humans directly. Why can't use it to improve the efficiency of animal husbandry. We can use farm wastes to more directly loop back into the production cycle. We could use it to improve the production of meat, textiles, milk, medical supplies etc.

    Why not feed the outputs to say ants, and in return feed the ants to other stocks. Thus further diversifying the various protein chains making the process even more benificial.

    Or we do more engineering and create organic polymers from the protein. Thus a replacement for many of the plastics in use today.

    It does not have to directly feed us. As a matter of fact it can help reduce the costs associated with meat etc.

    The key to the process is that it is a bio reactor that minimises infections and contamination. Thus making it more robust as an industrial system.

    1. Re:No one has made the connection yet. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      AD is already used on a number of farms in Europe, the issue being that the liquid byproduct is quite high in phosphorus and so needs additional treatment before discharge, which means more cost and infrastructure.

      >Or we do more engineering and create organic polymers from the protein

      The kind of biopolymers which bacteria produce are mostly just carbon based, not protein based. There's already a decent amount of work into this, e.g. AirCarbon claim to turn methane into plastic.

      >The key to the process is that it is a bio reactor that minimises infections and contamination.

      This generally tends to happen anyway, the conditions inside an AD plant are quite different to those which are ideal for most pathogens. In addition to that AD plants are usually already full of established microbes which makes it hard for pathogens to establish themselves.

      I don't work on AD myself, I work with people who work with AD, but from meetings I've been to there's a lot of emphasis at the moment on getting as many different things out of AD waste streams as possible, often referred to as the biorefinery concept. There's a lot of potential, but the problem, as always, is economics, and the fact that AD itself produces waste streams which aren't trivial to clean up. On top of that there is legislation which is a bit squeamish about re-using something which is officially designated as a waste stream, not to mention consumer squeamishness about that sort of thing. I think in Ireland legislators are fine with animal slurry being spread on fields beacuse it has been done for centuries, but they're not so OK with AD-processed animal slurry products being spread on fields.

  16. Marketing crap by billybob2001 · · Score: 3, Funny

    This will obviously by marketed as Soylent Brown.

    (Spoiler: it's poople!)

  17. Re:Don't want to be an astronaut by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

    they already drink filtered pee

    If the filtered pee happens to be even better than Evian water thanks to a wonderful purifying process, wouldn't you drink it?

    --
    Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
  18. Re:"astronauts" by Megol · · Score: 1

    Human waste have been used as fertilizer for a long time. People gladly ate the vegetables/fruits so produced.
    => People have eaten converted human shit.

    Astronauts/cosmonauts are selected by people that are rational and scientific - exactly the kind of persons that would understand that their food is not shit.
    And they are less likely to become cannibals as they understand the problems that brings.

    What happened to you? Even when you posted stuff I absolutely did not agree with you had some intelligence baked into the posts.
    This? It's just shit.

  19. Can this program be instituted... by MrSavage · · Score: 2

    at the Congressional cafeteria? After all, they keep making us eat all the shit that they pass...

  20. Could have told them that from ... by gweihir · · Score: 2

    ... playing "Oxygen Not Included". After giving my whole colony food poisoning by using contaminated water in the musher, the principle and what is important became quite clear.

    --
    Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  21. Re:HILLARY CLINTON SOLD URANIUM TO RUSSIANS! by Joey+Vegetables · · Score: 1

    Or life post-attempt. Every single person with dirt on the Clintons seems to die horribly before it can be exposed.

  22. Re:"astronauts" by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

    Even when you posted stuff I absolutely did not agree with you had some intelligence baked into the posts.

    You're confusing me with someone else. As a relative newcomer, you might not be aware that all of my posts are transformed human waste turned into food for astronauts, eaten, turned into human waste again, and then turned into Slashdot comments.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  23. Soylent Green is by Lucas123 · · Score: 1

    feces

  24. MMMMM..... by MitchDev · · Score: 1

    I can see it now...

    NASA exec: "Why is no one answering our ad for Astronaut training?"

    NASA drone worker: "I think it's the food plan and people not wanting to eat their own shit"

  25. Re:HILLARY CLINTON SOLD URANIUM TO RUSSIANS! by Darinbob · · Score: 1

    That's a conspiracy theory, not facts.

  26. small bites by slashname3 · · Score: 1

    So they are growing microbes to feed people.

    Better learn to take small bites. :)

  27. Well this is...... by MerlTurkin · · Score: 1

    ...a real shitty idea.

  28. Re:HILLARY CLINTON SOLD URANIUM TO RUSSIANS! by AutodidactLabrat · · Score: 1

    Hillary and Bill took hundreds of millions of dollars that were donated for Haitians and spent it on themselves. Bill then proceeded to go down there and RAPE little girls. These are the people you wanted in the White House? For shame. #HillaryForPrison

    Lie
    But you know that