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Many Animals Can Count, Some Better Than You (nytimes.com)

An anonymous reader shares a report: The story of the frog's neuro-abacus is just one example of nature's vast, ancient and versatile number sense, a talent explored in detail in a recent themed issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, edited by Brian Butterworth, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, C. Randy Gallistel of Rutgers University and Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trento. Scientists have found that animals across the evolutionary spectrum have a keen sense of quantity, able to distinguish not just bigger from smaller or more from less, but two from four, four from ten, forty from sixty. Orb-weaving spiders, for example, keep a tally of how many silk-wrapped prey items are stashed in the "larder" segment of their web. When scientists experimentally remove the cache, the spiders will spend time searching for the stolen goods in proportion to how many separate items had been taken, rather than how big the total prey mass might have been. Small fish benefit from living in schools, and the more numerous the group, the statistically better a fish's odds of escaping predation. As a result, many shoaling fish are excellent appraisers of relative head counts.

61 comments

  1. Let's See What Happens... by JohnPerkins · · Score: 2

    ...if we take away the puppy.

    1. Re:Let's See What Happens... by Hal_Porter · · Score: 1

      The Journal of Unethical Research wants your paper!

      We pay a fee in either blood diamonds, a voucher for a night with an upcoming Hollywood starlet, uranium or foetal stem cells to the foundation of your choice.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    2. Re: Let's See What Happens... by c6gunner · · Score: 1

      I'll take the uranium stem cells, please.

    3. Re: Let's See What Happens... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A breeder reactor, nice! But, you already have a mom that puts out so much energy into it.

    4. Re:Let's See What Happens... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I can't believe no one got your Ghostbusters 2 reference.

      You win the NoPrize for today to best comment.

  2. Pepe for President by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You morons would vote for a frog, especially one that can count.

    1. Re:Pepe for President by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You morons would vote for a frog, especially one that can count.

      America recently voted for "Pepe the Frog", or rather, his representative; so you have a point.

    2. Re:Pepe for President by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If it can count it's too "elitist" to get elected.

    3. Re:Pepe for President by Darinbob · · Score: 0

      Nonsense, the biggest elitist of them all got elected. Lives a life of luxury, inherited big money, went to private schools, is forgiven multiple bankruptcies, a reality TV star, a regular guest on talk shows, lives a life of luxury, is followed around by the papparazzi, has trophy wives, pals around with the stars, was good friends with the Clintons, and spends much of the working day playing golf. If that's not an elitist, then I need a new dictionary.

  3. Cats can't count, though by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    One of my ex-wife's cats was a bit mean - she'd do things she knew she wasn't supposed to, like knocking things off bookcase shelves.

    But only when no one was watching...

    My ex and I heard this damn cat misbehaving one day, and we both walked into the living room to find her knocking books down. She stopped, acted all innocent, and started grooming herself.

    My ex walked out of the room - I stood perfectly still. That little fucker watched my ex leave then jumped into the bookcase and returned to knocking things down.

    I shouted, "Hey!" and I got this "Where the hell did you come from!" surprised look from that damn cat.

    Cats can't count to two.

    1. Re:Cats can't count, though by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      He knew you were there - you were just irrelevant - and you yelled and startled him. And his look was 'who the fuck do you think YOU are - you pathetic inferior being! I AM a cat! YOU are nothing but a bald ape!'

    2. Re:Cats can't count, though by Hetero · · Score: 2

      THIS is what you put in the room to discipline cats. I guarantee you you'd never have that problem again.

    3. Re:Cats can't count, though by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 2

      One of my ex-wife's cats was a bit mean - she'd do things she knew she wasn't supposed to, like knocking things off bookcase shelves.

      But only when no one was watching...

      Cat's aren't stupid. They know when they do things that piss you off- and will frequently do it when you're not looking. When I first graduated University, I got a small flat and a cat. The cat love destroying the blinds, she also knew I didn't love it when she destroyed the blinds. She quickly learnt to do it only when I wasn't home... or I was in bed.

      She knew, if she smashed up the blinds in the kitchen whilst I was on the computer in the bedroom I'd come and tell her off... so she didn't. She also knew, if I were in bed trying to sleep and she did it, I would be too lazy to get up and tell her off. Thus, she destroyed them when I was out, or in bed... if I were anywhere else in the apartment, even if she couldn't see me (or I her) she would leave them alone, fearing my wrath knowing I would hear her.

      --
      "That's the way to do it" - Punch
    4. Re:Cats can't count, though by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He knew you were there - you were just irrelevant - and you yelled and startled him. And his look was 'who the fuck do you think YOU are - you pathetic inferior being! I AM a cat! YOU are nothing but a bald ape!'

      Nah, if humans didn't matter to her, she wouldn't have stopped misbehaving when observed.

      Still, that damn cat was nowhere near as bad as the Newfoundland we had who would walk in front of you and demonstrate why she wanted to be let outside if you didn't let her outside fast enough to suit her.

      Nothing like a 150+ pound dog dropping a deuce in front of you because she's mad at you for not letting her out fast enough.

      Another damn female, too. Imagine that....

    5. Re:Cats can't count, though by alvinrod · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Cats generally don't do things like this if you spend a little bit of time playing with them or exercising them. I once had a cat that liked to get up to all kinds of similarly mischievous deeds until I eventually figured out that it was just bored. After spending 20 minutes having it chase around a toy mouse on a string or a laser pointer, it wouldn't engage in other types of destructive behavior.

      Cats don't need a lot of attention. They're more than happy to spend most of a day sleeping or lying in the sun. However, they are predators and are wired to stalk, chase prey, etc. Satisfy those behavioral needs and they're not going to go around trying to find other ways to scratch those itches. It also makes the cat a lot more friendly towards you as well.

    6. Re:Cats can't count, though by Seven+Spirals · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I know a number of guys who got a bonus-cat with a relationship. They tend to have accidents far from home. However, in my favorite case, my buddy got blamed for disappearing a worthless misbehaving cat but he pled innocent. He really had no idea what happened to ol' Frisky until one day a fireman came up to the door with an animal control officer. They related that they'd just raided the nest of an owl and found about two dozen cat collars. His wife's cat had been nailed at about 180 MPH from the sky by a big owl and learned she wasn't quite as tough as she was when she was scratching and biting everyone in the household. Talons + beak > domesticated claws + teeth.

    7. Re:Cats can't count, though by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 1

      Cats generally don't do things like this if you spend a little bit of time playing with them or exercising them. I once had a cat that liked to get up to all kinds of similarly mischievous deeds until I eventually figured out that it was just bored. After spending 20 minutes having it chase around a toy mouse on a string or a laser pointer, it wouldn't engage in other types of destructive behavior.

      Cats don't need a lot of attention. They're more than happy to spend most of a day sleeping or lying in the sun. However, they are predators and are wired to stalk, chase prey, etc. Satisfy those behavioral needs and they're not going to go around trying to find other ways to scratch those itches. It also makes the cat a lot more friendly towards you as well.

      Oh, this one got a lot of attention! I still have her actually, she's 20 years old now (she doesn't get as much attention now though because she is always asleep). I used to call he psycho kitty because when she was young we used to play this game where I would peak around a corner at her repeatedly... and then she'd come death-charge me... I would run and she would leap onto my leg like a lion trying to take down a wildebeest. In summer when I wore shorts I regretted playing that game with her... when it was winter and I wore jeans and it didn't hurt... I went around with lots of scratches on my legs.

      Before I got married, when I lived in that apartment I probably played at least an hour a day with her- even trained her to jump through hoops (well, actually it was a triangle from a snooker table)... when I wasn't playing with her, 90% of the time I was home she was curled up with me. No one could ever accuse this cat of not getting attention. I still joke with my wife that my cat is my first wife and my wife is just a sister-wife. Or I refer to the cat as the love of my life and my wife as the "non-fluffy" love of my life.

      --
      "That's the way to do it" - Punch
    8. Re:Cats can't count, though by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My ex walked out of the room - I stood perfectly still. That little fucker watched my ex leave then jumped into the bookcase and returned to knocking things down.

      I shouted, "Hey!" and I got this "Where the hell did you come from!" surprised look from that damn cat.

      Cats can't count to two.

      In my experience, that's not accurate.

      See, the cat liked your ex, but it had its doubts about you.

      Think of it more as the cancerous evil which is cats means when the people they want approval from are watching, they're perfect angels. But the cat knew damned well you were there and simply didn't give a fuck.

      That wasn't surprise, that was a nonchalant oh, are you still here, asshole? The cat was mocking you, because your standing still had no impact on the cat seeing you. See, a cat isn't a T-Rex, and it can see you perfectly well when you stand still.

      Never attribute to a cat's inability to count what should be properly attributed to the evil maliciousness of a cat.

      The sooner you understand cats are evil soulless creatures which are not to be trusted, the sooner you can stop having the nasty little beasts as pets.

      This really is a fundamental relationship breaker -- non-cat people can't truly be happy with cat-people, because cat-people care incapable of understanding the sheer evil of their chosen pet, because they are under mind control.

      They're like parents who insist their children are angels, when in fact they're vicious little psychopaths, and that is plain to everyone except the parents. They know that you know, they don't care that you know, and they know it's your word against theirs, and the ones you're trying to convince have bought the act hook, line, and sinker.

    9. Re:Cats can't count, though by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Well, cats live in a hierarchical society. There is a leader and many places under him. Cats challenge those that are on the social step above them, and also obey them. Seems like in your family the cat considered your ex to be the leader, the cat being in the middle and you being the lower standing. That's why it was surprised that you were expressing a disapproval.

      My cat always used to challenge my ex, but did observe me, this was to show that she accepted that I was the leader and my ex was second, with the cat being at the bottom, but always tried to climb the social ladder. It took a single sentence from me to have the cat stop doing something, whereas it never worked when my ex said something, sprayed water or even moved the cat to the other room

    10. Re:Cats can't count, though by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I bet many guys would pay to have an owl like that nearby. owl-er.com anyone?

    11. Re:Cats can't count, though by Darinbob · · Score: 1

      I think the cat realized that you were merely the number two human in the house.

    12. Re:Cats can't count, though by argStyopa · · Score: 3, Funny

      Any idea where he got his Owl Attractant spray?

      Asking for a friend.

      --
      -Styopa
    13. Re:Cats can't count, though by rogoshen1 · · Score: 1

      sounds like the cat was just slightly ahead of the ex as far as determining your relevance goes? :)

  4. Wasted research. Answer already known. by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1
    Do animals count?

    Yes, they do. That's why we enacted endangered species act and we donate money to World Wildlife Fund and other organizations that have logos of cute cuddly animals.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:Wasted research. Answer already known. by wbr1 · · Score: 1
      Wasted? Understanding how brains handle mathematical functions useless?

      You must not be able to count the ways the research can be beneficial.

      --
      Silence is a state of mime.
    2. Re:Wasted research. Answer already known. by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1

      Does the posting count? Or just the headline is enough to write a response?

      --
      sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
  5. Pointless trivia by IWantMoreSpamPlease · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I have a pair of very large monitor lizards that can count.
    They know when feeding time is (Pavlovian learned response no doubt there) and if I give them, each, 10 food items, they are happy.
    If I give one 9, and the other 11 for example, the one with 11 will eat 10 and leave the other one. The one with 9, will hunt for a 10th food item, and won't stop until he finds something to eat.
    This happens regardless of food item size (to a point, they cannot eat 10 full sized rabbits, for example, but 10 rats is easy to do)

    --
    So rise up, all ye lost ones, as one, we'll claw the clouds.
    1. Re:Pointless trivia by nospam007 · · Score: 1

      "I have a pair of very large monitor lizards that can count."

      That's called monitoring, that's where the name came from.
      The hall monitors among them even have to know what time it is and when the other lizards are supposed to be in class.

    2. Re:Pointless trivia by Ryanrule · · Score: 1

      so you are single then

    3. Re:Pointless trivia by IWantMoreSpamPlease · · Score: 1

      Nope, these things are chick magnets.
      A walk in the park gets me a lot of phone numbers.

      --
      So rise up, all ye lost ones, as one, we'll claw the clouds.
    4. Re:Pointless trivia by Ryanrule · · Score: 1

      isnt that mostly insurance trading because of all the eaten children?

    5. Re:Pointless trivia by IWantMoreSpamPlease · · Score: 1

      "Children", "Snacks"...same thing.

      --
      So rise up, all ye lost ones, as one, we'll claw the clouds.
  6. Ah, this explains the bitcoin by davide+marney · · Score: 1

    FTA:

    non-human minds obey Weber's Law, which is the oldest and most broadly applicable quantitative law in experimental psychology. It says that the discriminability of two quantities—the speed and accuracy with which the larger of the two can be decided on—depends only on the ratio of the two objectively specified quantities. Thus, for example, the speed and accuracy with which a 6 g weight can be distinguished from a 4 g weight are the same as the speed and accuracy with which a 6 kg weight can be distinguished from a 4 kg weight.

    The speed and accuracy with which a bitcoin investor and be distinguished from a normal investor is the same as the speed at which the valuation of the investment changes over time.

    --
    "We receive as friendly that which agrees with, we resist with dislike that which opposes us" - Faraday
  7. One, Two, Three, Four, Hrair by karlandtanya · · Score: 1

    After four it doesn't really matter.

    --
    "Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away." - Philip K. Dick
    1. Re:One, Two, Three, Four, Hrair by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 1

      After four it doesn't really matter.

      That's why I never date five-breasted women. It's just overkill.

      --
      "That's the way to do it" - Punch
    2. Re:One, Two, Three, Four, Hrair by freeze128 · · Score: 1

      Then why was a rabbit named "Fiver"?

    3. Re:One, Two, Three, Four, Hrair by nasch · · Score: 1

      That was just an English translation of "Hrairoo". Another possible translation is "Little Thousand". I'm guessing "Little Many" would work too.

      http://watershipdown.wikia.com...

      This has been your pointlessly pedantic and detailed serious response to a joke, I hope you have enjoyed.

  8. Animal Psych by Gilgaron · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I took an animal psych class back in college and at the time it was believed that most animals could count to at least 7 linearly, and beyond that were excellent at estimating logarithmically. The smarter the animal, the further it could count linearly, in general.

  9. Counting Crows by fox171171 · · Score: 2

    Heard a story many years ago about crows. Food on the ground, but they would not come down because of a nearby group of people. The group walked behind a building and out the other side and walked away. When they left one of the group behind the building, and the crows would not come down. When nobody stayed behind the building, they came down for the food. Did the crows count the people?

    1. Re:Counting Crows by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Possibly.
      Other research has sugested that crows can also identify and recall individual humans. They might have noticed the individual hadn't been observed leaving rather than noticing the change in the group's quantity while out of sight.

      The two cases are similar enough it's be pretty hard to distinguish without a specially designed experament.
      In fact some of the others listed here like the spider could also be explained by recognizing the individuals rather than counting the quantity in the set.

    2. Re:Counting Crows by Gilgaron · · Score: 2

      I've had few interactions with crows but witnessed a few glimpses of their famous intelligence. One afternoon I was in the back yard and heard very unusual crow calls, which is telling since usually their calls already sound unnervingly like a human conversation in a language you don't know. Two crows were coordinating with one another to harass a young red tail hawk into leaving the area. The hawk was of course better suited for combat, but the crows were interspersing generic calls of aggression with some novel (to me) chatter and taking turns diving on the hawk and distracting him again before he could try to riposte. I've seen songbirds harass bigger birds similarly, but they seem to rely on their small size and greater agility, whereas the crows being more on par in size and acrobatics seemed more dependent on their partner to keep them safe.

    3. Re:Counting Crows by cyberchondriac · · Score: 1

      The corvid family (Crows, Ravens, Magpies) are extremely intelligent, more so than most mammals. Most likely they did.

      --

      Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
    4. Re:Counting Crows by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Recent research has shown that bird brains have a much higher neuron density than mammal brains, most prominently in the forebrain, so even though their brains are much smaller they are more 'optimized' and can therefor reach the same complexity as that of much larger animals like primates. See for example http://www.pnas.org/content/113/26/7255.full

  10. One, Two, Three, Infinity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Basic human counting ability. See book by George Gamow. Can be extended with some effort through education.

  11. That's neat by CODiNE · · Score: 1

    I've also found it interesting how some animals are capable of knowing names for foods, people and other animals. It doesn't seem to be something they'd have a use for in the wild. If they had a label for "wolf", "lion", "human" researchers should have found them by now. Yet being around people they can easily accept labels. Always cool to find abilities they have that we haven't really noticed.

    --
    Cwm, fjord-bank glyphs vext quiz
    1. Re:That's neat by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I've also found it interesting how some animals are capable of knowing names for foods

      they put pictures of food on groceries in the supermarket because humans are not capable of knowing names for foods

  12. Overheard in the herd by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Lion 1: There's a pack of hyenas headed our way!

    Lion 2: How many strong are they?

    Lion 1: A Lot -- I couldn't count

    Lion 2: You should've counted the number of legs and divided by four...

  13. Re:If the Frogs can count ... by Errol+backfiring · · Score: 2, Funny

    In what way? I think their economy is way more stable than ours.

    --
    Nae king! Nae laird! Nae yurrupiean pressedent! We willna be fooled again!
  14. Re:If the Frogs can count ... by jellomizer · · Score: 1

    Their economy looks fairly good for a country their size.
    And that is an outdated offensive statement.

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  15. Hey lynwood by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Seems even animals are better at noticing 22 is less than 26 than you are. Maybe next time get a spider or fish to help you out.

  16. Not with symbology like numbers, mind you.. by Rick+Schumann · · Score: 2

    So I'm thinking that within a non-sentient/pre-sentient brain, this 'counting' process works, neurologically-speaking, like an op-amp integrator circuit, with a comparator-tree watching the output? The voltage accumulation reaches certain threshold values, trips the associated comparator? Then of course there's someting analogous to the 'reset' switch on the capacitor in the feedback loop?

  17. Re:If the Frogs can count ... by cyberchondriac · · Score: 1

    Sayz a Mac Nac Feegle.

    --

    Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
  18. Human Psych by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And yet people are terrible at math.

  19. Cat Clock by Zorro · · Score: 2

    A hungry cat has no snooze button.

  20. Re: If the Frogs can count ... by HanzoSpam · · Score: 1

    How to piss off a frog...

    https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=...

    --

    Progressivism: Parasites helping parasites to help themselves - to other people's stuff.
  21. Re:If the Frogs can count ... by Pseudonym · · Score: 1

    One... and one more one.

    --
    sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f(q{sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f});
  22. My dog by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 1

    When I show my dog 4 matches, he taps the ground twice and stops. So I try more, 9 ; and he taps 3 times. Then tried 100 matches, he tapped only 10 times. My last try was 256, but he only tapped 16 times. That dog doesn't count right :-(

    --
    Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
  23. Human's by wisnoskij · · Score: 1

    An interesting article. I cannot help but compare it to humans. We have at least one subgroup that survived to modernity (the Pirahã) who cannot count.

    --
    Troll is not a replacement for I disagree.