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'Memtransistor' Brings World Closer To Brain-Like Computing

the gmr writes: According to a recent article published in the journal Nature, researchers at Northwestern University's McCormick School of Engineering have developed a "memtransistor," a device that both stores information in memory and processes information. The combined transistor and memory resistor work more like a neuron and purports to make computing more brain-like. The new "memtransistor" would use less energy than digital computers and eliminate the need to run memory and processing as separate functions while also being more brain-like. Lead researcher Mark C. Hersam clarified the brain-like efficacy of the memtransistor: "...in the brain, we don't usually have one neuron connected to only one other neuron. Instead, one neuron is connected to multiple other neurons to form a network. Our device structure allows multiple contacts, which is similar to the multiple synapses in neurons... [but] making dozens of devices, as we have done in our paper, is different than making a billion, which is done with conventional transistor technology today." Hersam reported no barriers to scaling up to billions of devices. This new technology would make smart devices more capable and possibly more seemingly-human. The devices may also promote advances in neural networks and brain-computer interfaces, new technologies also recently reported at Futurism.

94 comments

  1. For those unfamiliar with memristors... by jouassou · · Score: 4, Informative

    I recommend checking out e.g. Wikipedia's summary of the theoretical motivation behind them. It's not just about making "computers more like brains", it's rather that memristors are the fourth passive electronic component (the first three being the resistor, capacitor, and inductor). Once we've got a full set of passive electronic components, perhaps a lot of circuits that today have to be built using active components (transistors, op-amps, etc.) could be replaced by smaller and more efficient passive equivalents.

    1. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by postbigbang · · Score: 4, Informative

      The problem with the passive components is the same as it's always been, and why Von Neumann idealized state machines as computing elements. Adding a state value helps, but causes multiple concurrent states.

      Memtransistors don't have checksums, and their state isn't arbitrated in such a way as to give them the capacity to be shared without other active components. Because there is no checksum or CRC easily possible, coupled to the logic that sets (and checks) their value, means that they have limited architectural applications until several facets of their nature can be changed.

      Look at 100 people, and 33 of them have faulty neurons. Analogizing states in this way, memtransistors, could also be capacitive arrays, inductive arrays, LC/LCR arrays, and so forth. Their present state of changeability comes nothing close to the high speed memory (transient and charged state--think nv-ram) present today.

      There are great potential applications in ASICs, (fp) gate arrays, and other constructions, but just as GPUs don't replace CPUs, arrays made of memtransistors aren't going to replace either CPUs or GPUs, FPGAs, ASICs, etc. They're not more "brain-like", rather, they're a different architectural models whose limitations still haven't been surmounted.

      It's not a fully passive device-- it's a resistor with a third leg in terms of boolean logic.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    2. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by SumDog · · Score: 2

      Yea I found this summary pretty sensational. I've heard the term you used, "memristors," and how HP was working on them a few years back. I might have understood the concept wrong though. Typically memory is where you store data and registers are units on the processor that act on that data (add, subtract, bitshift, or more complex instructions).

      As I understood it, memristors would allow instructions to operate directly on memory without having to load or store. If you had enough memristors to load your program into them, you'd effectively run everything incredibly fast in place. However this would change the entire way we write programs and compilers.

      You'd probably no longer have a stack, the purpose of a program counter would change entirely, and you'd start to get into the very gritty details of immutability and self modifying code. Even concepts like branch prediction would have to be entirely rethought. It'd be a larger diversion than even VLIW (e.g. EPIC/Itanium).

      It'd be like quantum computing; incredibly powerful but requiring entirely different computing processes and mechanics.

    3. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by gweihir · · Score: 0

      Except that a memresistor is not really a passive component as it has state. And there is no "missing" passive component either. I don't know why this obvious BS is being repeated and repeated all over the place. A great success for marketing nonsense, a great loss for actual truth in engineering.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    4. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Hal_Porter · · Score: 2

      Yeah, but because we're all stupid now Futurism has a to write the clickbait article as 'new magic component will lead to ELECTRONIC BRAINS'. As if the problem of AI is going to be solved by some low level component as opposed to understanding the high level organisation.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    5. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by mark-t · · Score: 1

      Except that a memresistor is not really a passive component as it has state.

      So I suppose you think capacitors are not passive either, then?

      Or do you think that retention of charge doesn't count as "state"?

      You may find that your own definition of active vs passive components is not the same as the actual one.

    6. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by gweihir · · Score: 1

      A capacitor does not have state. It has a potential charge, but that level is not dependent of its history. The history just somehow has to provide that charge, but it is completely irrelevant how it was provided. Furthermore, a capacitor's charge does not influence its behavior (voltage change on charge-change). That is up to a point, of course. When you reach the breakdown voltage, a capacitor does indeed become an active element for a brief time. As this is outside of normal operating parameters, it is not taken into account when determining its status as "active" or "passive" component.

      I do find that you have no clue what you are talking about.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    7. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A capacitor does have state, it is the actual-charge (not potential charge) that is stored in it. And it is definitely is depended on the history.

      I can give you two capacitors that are identical in capacity, one was charged an hour ago, the other one was discharged and hour ago. Which one do you want to hold your tongue on.

      This is the reason that capacitors are used as memory elements in DRAM. You want to argue that memory does not have state?

    8. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The first thing I thought about on seeing the headline was this story from 6 years ago. But a "memristor" is a memory RESistor, while this story is about memory TRANSistors. Are those the same thing? Resistors and transistors are vastly different concepts so I'd imagine that memristors and memtransistors merely happen to sound similar.

    9. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      It's not a fully passive device-- it's a resistor with a third leg in terms of boolean logic.

      Before you post something so bafflingly irrelevant maybe re-read the parent's post and wikipedia article. Start with the 5th word in the post title.

    10. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by jouassou · · Score: 2
      Good point. According to TFA, they're closely related like a diode and transistor, but not exactly the same device:

      The memtransistor is essentially a combination of a memristor and a transistor. Memristors, or memory resistors, remember the voltage that has been applied to them but can only control a single voltage channel. By transforming such a memristor from a two-terminal to a three-terminal device in the memtransistor, the Northwestern team made this tech much more capable for complex circuits and systems.

    11. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by gweihir · · Score: 1

      No. The capacitor is not changed by the charge in it. Hence the capacitor itself does not have state. Given the same situation, it will always behave the same, no matter its history. (This is for an ideal capacitor of course.)

      A memresistor is fundamentally different. Depending on its history, it will behave differently in the same situation. Here the device itself is changed, and hence the device has a state.

      You are probably confused by the difference between the state of the device and the state it is in. Let me give you a very simple example: A switch can have device-state (device property) of being on or off. It can be in a state (outer situation) where a voltage is applied to it or not. Depending of its own state, that will result in a current flowing or not. One is its properties varying and the other is its reaction of outside stimuli.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    12. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Incidentally, I am not the only one that has noticed that calling memresistors "passive" is bullshit, although that is intuitively clear to anybody with actual experience with electronics :

      https://www.researchgate.net/p...

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    13. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by mukinrestak · · Score: 1

      The sad truth is that the marketing wank is what funds the engineering.

    14. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by postbigbang · · Score: 1

      I read both of those. This is a logic gate, a resistor that looks like a standard logic element transistor. If you want to be less baffled, look into electronics engineering as it applies to both computing, and also the history of how microcomputers were originally designed against the state machine model(s).

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    15. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      Please call me when somebody gets to artificial neural networks again. There are some interesting conjectures I'd like to make so as to see the response from better-informed than I.

    16. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by gweihir · · Score: 1

      And corrupts it. Indeed.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    17. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Sir+Holo · · Score: 2

      I read both of those. This is a logic gate, a resistor that looks like a standard logic element transistor. If you want to be less baffled, look into electronics engineering as it applies to both computing, and also the history of how microcomputers were originally designed against the state machine model(s).

      CORRECT.

      1T1C (or any two-terminal implementation of a non-volatile memory element) is a goal of extreme interest for the big CMOS foundries. Density!

      I believe that it is still 2T2C available on the market, but RAMtron is likely to have fixed that a while ago. It was a hot topic in 2000.

    18. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Sir+Holo · · Score: 1

      Yea I found this summary pretty sensational. I've heard the term you used, "memristors," and how HP was working on them a few years back. I might have understood the concept wrong though. Typically memory is where you store data and registers are units on the processor that act on that data (add, subtract, bitshift, or more complex instructions).

      As I understood it, memristors would allow instructions to operate directly on memory without having to load or store. If you had enough memristors to load your program into them, you'd effectively run everything incredibly fast in place. However this would change the entire way we write programs and compilers.

      You'd probably no longer have a stack, the purpose of a program counter would change entirely, and you'd start to get into the very gritty details of immutability and self modifying code. . .

      Zero boot-up time! Zero program-loading time! Everything resident in storage is de facto resident in memory, if your Memristor storage is equal to your RAM in size, and are one and the same, then you can do general computing at closer to L3 to L1 cache speeds! Vroom!

      Oh, this would open huge new security holes now, wouldn't it? Hmmn.

      I imagine that there would be some kind of redundancy built-in --- You don't want your code or purchased apps being altered after installation! Pernicious worms/virii hidden away in some dark corner of resident, 'active' memory makes me a little nervous. NOTE that the split between storage and memory is not just a historical artifact --- It's also a security wall.

    19. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by mark-t · · Score: 1

      My intent was to point out that your notion of its "state" being tied to whether the device is passive or active is a misguided one.

      Mathematically, a passive element is one where at least one of either the current or the rate of current change in a circuit utilizing the device is linearly dependent on either the voltage or the rate of change of the voltage applied to the circuit, and so there must be exactly 4 kinds of passive components.

      All other components are considered active components.

      It's my understanding that memristors maintain a constant relationship between rate of change in voltage and rate of change in current, and would thus still be considered passive.

    20. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Sir+Holo · · Score: 2

      Except that a memresistor is not really a passive component as it has state. And there is no "missing" passive component either. I don't know why this obvious BS is being repeated and repeated all over the place. A great success for marketing nonsense, a great loss for actual truth in engineering.

      The actual article was sensationalistic. All they did was implement a hybrid memristor (assumed, TL;DR) incorporated with a transistor. So they combined two of the four basic circuit components into one with two leads. Big deal --- Ancillary circuitry will be needed to send "write" currents sometimes, and "read" voltages other times. Those must be put somewhere on the die.

      Call the memristor a passive component if you want. The fact is, though, that a memristor can be "set" to a certain resistance, meaning that this device has many, many possible states. . . as long as signal-read is by decade or so for ON/OFF voltage (or 10%-ON/OFF, etc.).

      The paper's use of "monolayer" of amorphous MoS2 is a nonsense term, especially when they call it polycrystalline. Their ON/OFF was a measly 10x. There are materials with 10^5 ON/OFF ratios, at least in the bulk.

      I need to get to campus to read this article. The Abstract sounds like many Nature Abstracts to unexciting work. You make it sound big to get it into Nature, and word-smith like crazy. But from the looks and smell of this abstract, I will be disappointed when reading the article.

      Did they rule out an interfacial charge-trapping scenario as the mechanism of their charge storage? In a single monolayer, it would have nowhere else to go.

    21. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Sir+Holo · · Score: 1

      No. The capacitor is not changed by the charge in it. Hence the capacitor itself does not have state. Given the same situation, it will always behave the same, no matter its history. (This is for an ideal capacitor of course.)

      A capacitor is non-Markovian.

      A memresistor is fundamentally different. Depending on its history, it will behave differently in the same situation. Here the device itself is changed, and hence the device has a state.

      A memristor is Markovian. To what degree is what matters (in application).

      Hysteresis, imprint, and the useful number of cycles (10^12 minimum) are also important. The potential to 'reset' a NV-RAM's bits, refreshing them to a predictably imprinted state would be useful. Indeed, it would probably be part of the implementation, perhaps as one of those 3:00 am cron jobs.

    22. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by thegarbz · · Score: 2

      This is a logic gate

      So you DIDN'T read it then. A memristor doesn't have a gate. It's a 2 terminal passive device.

      Keep trying. You'll get there eventually.

    23. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      What exactly is "passive" on/in a capacitor or inductor?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    24. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Of course a capacitor has state: it's current charge level and the fact if it is charging or discharging, you could even add the rate of charging/discharging to its state.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    25. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      What is wrong with all you guys today?

      Memristors are *passive* because they keep their state when you switch the power off.

      Thats all ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    26. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by mark-t · · Score: 1

      The voltage drop on a perfect inductor is always directly proportional to the rate of change of the current flowing through it. If you remove it from a circuit, there is no change in current, so any state it may have had in an active circuit is always lost when you switch the power off. Perfect capacitors retain state because the change in voltage drop is proportional to the current flowing through it.. so if there is no current, the voltage drop stays constant. Perfect resistors don't have a state at all.

    27. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by hawkinspeter · · Score: 1

      They just stay where you put them.

      --
      You're a temporary arrangement of matter sliding towards oblivion in a cold, uncaring universe
    28. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by Falconnan · · Score: 1

      Capacitors and inductors don't directly modify voltage or current; Rather they store energy. The way in which they do is essentially reciprocal. An inductor stores the energy as a magnetic field, which then collapses when current falls off. This collapse puts energy back into the circuit. In essence, it effectively creates an effect analogous to storing momentum if this were applied to plumbing or hydraulics.

      Capacitors store charge by blocking flow and accumulating charge up to their "capacity" with a voltage (analogous to pressure in plumbing).

      Inductive impedance goes up with frequency, capacitive impedance goes down with frequency, but neither "switches" or otherwise makes decisions, hence "passive". However, oscillators are based on the ability of finding a sweet-spot where the effects cancel out to a large degree, allowing the construction of frequency filters. This is the essential technology behind analog graphic equalizers, analog radio, etc.; Basically any frequency filter (band pass or band reject, depending on circuit construction) ever built for analog used this technique. This is why capacitors and inductors can be used to clean up common AC current for rectification to DC in computer power supplies, as well as amplifiers looking to cancel 60Hz hum.

    29. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by fisted · · Score: 1

      By that definition, inductors aren't passive...

    30. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Yes, and?

      I came not up with that stupid active/passive talk that emerged in this thread.

      And why would an inductor be "passive"? Why would anyone declare single electric components as either active or passive anyway?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    31. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure, but I think I learned that in 7th grade, thank you for the fresh up.
      Did you answer to the wrong person?

      P.S. non of your explanations has anything to do with active/passive (for me at least ;D )

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    32. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by fisted · · Score: 1

      Yes, and?

      And therefore you're mistaken.

      I came not up with that stupid active/passive talk that emerged in this thread.

      Possibly so, but you were the first I spotted who got it wrong in a really obvious way.

      And why would an inductor be "passive"?

      This sounds about right.

      Why would anyone declare single electric components as either active or passive anyway?

      Because they're all stupid, of course.

    33. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Sigh .. the world is so sad in our days ...

      Your answer to the question of active/passive shoud/could have been this:

      The reason for the distinction is mathematical: You can use certain mathematical approaches to solve the equations of a device that contains only passive elements, while the same approaches would not work with active elements.

      But obviously you don't grasp the topic so you can not explain youself :)

      Nevertheless, thank you for the link (I hope the information in it is correct, as I'm not interested enough in researching it).

      The fact here is however on a different level. We are talking abbout computer science and not 'electric engineering'. So a memristor which keeps its state after losing power is considered passeive, just like a magnetic disc. The opposite as in 'active' is a DRAM, which you have to refresh every few milliseconds. You can grasp that?

      So: I have no clue why you guys argue about active/passice school room knowledge. Where you obvioulsy don't have knowledge beyond any memorized simple categorizations.

      Hint: a inductor is not passive. It induces a magnetic field equivalent to the change of current. Obviously the quoted paragraph above from stack exchange, has a different definition was active/passive means. Facepalm. How should I know that? Lucky that I do not live in a country where I would be required to memorize such bollocks artificial categories :)

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    34. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by fisted · · Score: 1

      Your answer to the question of active/passive shoud/could have been this:

      Uncredited copypasting might be your approach at trying to appear to have a clue; it's not mine.

      But obviously you don't grasp the topic so you can not explain youself :)

      Yet it was me who had to do basic research in order to educate you, who obviously has even less of a grasp on the topic.

      as I'm not interested enough in researching it

      Par for the course.

      Sigh .. the world is so sad in our days ...

      Indeed, and your comment is the best example why that is.

      The fact here is however on a different level.

      No, it is not. This is only you trying to shift the goalposts in order to retrospectively don't appear as dimwitted.

      We are talking abbout computer science and not 'electric engineering'.

      Shift it, my special friend.

      So a memristor which keeps its state after losing power is considered passeive, just like a magnetic disc. The opposite as in 'active' is a DRAM, which you have to refresh every few milliseconds. You can grasp that?

      So DRAM is active because extra circuitry has to refresh it. Yeah, I grasp that, syntactically. It doesn't make a faint bit of sense and is pretty much arbitrary, so I'll file it under "bullshit I've read on the Internet".

      So: I have no clue why you guys argue about active/passice school room knowledge. Where you obvioulsy don't have knowledge beyond any memorized simple categorizations.

      Might I remind you that it was you who originally asked "Why would anyone declare single electric components as either active or passive anyway?". Now you're angry at me for trying to help you help yourself educate yourself a little bit?

      Hint: a inductor is not passive.

      It's almost as if you had *just* complained about classifying components as active/passive. You really aren't the sharpest knife in the drawer, are you?

      It induces a magnetic field equivalent to the change of current. Obviously the quoted paragraph above from stack exchange, has a different definition was active/passive means. Facepalm. How should I know that? Lucky that I do not live in a country where I would be required to memorize such bollocks artificial categories :)

      Good grief, are you done backpedaling yet? Don't reply until you're less angry at yourself, please.

    35. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by JesseMcDonald · · Score: 1

      The voltage drop on a perfect inductor is always directly proportional to the rate of change of the current flowing through it. If you remove it from a circuit, there is no change in current, so any state it may have had in an active circuit is always lost when you switch the power off. Perfect capacitors retain state because the change in voltage drop is proportional to the current flowing through it.. so if there is no current, the voltage drop stays constant.

      Perfect inductors also retain state because the change in current is proportional to the voltage drop; if you remove a perfect inductor from a circuit by shorting the terminals the voltage drop is zero and the current through the inductor remains constant. Inductors store state via current in the same way that capacitors store state via voltage.

      Of course, perfect inductors are a bit hard to find, but a coil made of superconducting material comes very close. As counter-intuitive as it may seem, it is actually possible to create a superconducting coil which stores energy in the form of current flowing through a closed loop.

      --
      "The state is that great fiction by which everyone tries to live at the expense of everyone else." - Bastiat
    36. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Anyway,
      in computer science we have a different definition between active or passive.
      And pulling the electric engineering definition when it is not relevant (and as far as I can tell an american thing) is pretty pointless.

      And your long answer shows: you don't grasp that.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    37. Re:For those unfamiliar with memristors... by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Depends what you mean with state :D
      Perhaps you should define that first?

      A resistor has plenty of states to me: resistance in Ohm (which is changing with temperature), a rated max current etc. Current amount of current flowing through it as a function of currently applied voltage, current temperature, current effective resistance ... you could include its size etc. p.p.

      Anyway, I guess your point was rather theoretical? If you remove it (the inductor) from a circuit, there is no change in current in a direct voltage circuit, yes. So why would you have one in a direct voltage circuit? Probably to combine it with a capacitors to form a "resonant circuit" ... so: the current through the inductor changes all the time.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  2. Is Slashdot broken or something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Timeouts, pages hanging... 40x/50x status codes ...what's the deal?
    Whole website is dog slow and seems to be getting worse. Not that management cares, but this is usually what precedes a total failure.

    Anybody seen this too?

    1. Re: Is Slashdot broken or something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, I've been having issues too.

    2. Re: Is Slashdot broken or something? by javaman235 · · Score: 1

      Yep, same.

      --
      -The art of programming is the pursuit of absolute simplicity.
    3. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Same here. Many replies are often clipped to only show half the text, the Reply, Parent and Share buttons are missing from many posts, and the Reply to This button seems be non-functional or has a long wait time until anything happens. The overall quality of this site makes it unreadable.

      And why can't Slashdot whitelist the characters for the quote and apostrophe characters on iOS devices?

      For how many years has this site been mangling those characters?

      Why can't Slashdot selectively whitelist just a few more Unicode characters? Can we just get some of the punctuation back?

    4. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by FatdogHaiku · · Score: 1

      Yup, Bad Gateway errors for awhile now. Not timeouts (504) just plain 502 no one there. Coming off the RSS feed seems to be worse...

      --
      You have the right to remain sentient. If you give up the right to remain sentient, you will be elected to public office
    5. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by HiThere · · Score: 1

      Yes. Just timeouts, but lots of them for the last several days. At first I suspected a ddos, but then they went down for maintenance, and when they came back up it was worse. Maybe someone's mining bitcoins on the site.

      --

      I think we've pushed this "anyone can grow up to be president" thing too far.
    6. Re: Is Slashdot broken or something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You stupid n1ggers are overloading the internet.

    7. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Have had multiple problems for 2-3 days now.

    8. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by sheramil · · Score: 2

      Perhaps they're using a new server that runs on memristors.

      "Okay, what's two plus two?"

      -thinks- "... two."

      "What happened to the other two?"

      "... I forgot about it.

    9. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes Jim, it's dead.

    10. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by TheRaven64 · · Score: 4, Funny

      Yup. SourceForge has also been suffering, so I imagine that the 486 in the corner that's handling both sites is now completely full of dust.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    11. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 1

      Timeouts, pages hanging... 40x/50x status codes ...what's the deal? Whole website is dog slow and seems to be getting worse.

      The FCC revocation of Net Neutrality got published last week, so ...

      --
      It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
    12. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

      My bet is that they installed Meltdown patches and took a massive performance hit.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    13. Re:Is Slashdot broken or something? by Sir+Holo · · Score: 1

      Perhaps they're using a new server that runs on memristors.

      "Okay, what's two plus two?"

      -thinks- "... two."

      "What happened to the other two?"

      "... I forgot about it." [emphasis mine]

      That sounds more like a quantum-computer's q-bit effect. Although, DRAM capacitors do indeed have to be re-written after their state is read, so I guess it applies in your example.

      A memristor is a two-terminal device, and can be used in logic in this form, but with the added overhead of combining write-lines w/read-signal lines. . . and the same thing with reading it, ostensibly, is an oopsie could erase the persistent state of the memristor bit. I'm not a circuit designer, so can say nothing about which would have more overhead on the die -- an array of memristors incl. ancillary read/write circuit devices -- vs. an array of memtransistors?

      Is this just taking a piece of circuit design and incorporating it into a hybrid circuit-component? The phenomenon relies upon point dislocation alignment under static DC pulse (probably), just like other memristors of this type? If so, then they are reporting a difference without any distinction -- it's 2 devices glommed together into one -- which is not a great feat. Lots of materials exhibit this behavior, and could alternately be used. Just don't bother rushing out to Patent, as memristors are all bottled-up already, except maybe for case-implementations. (Patents can be prophetic.)

      Or are they trying to get away from the "1C1T" memristor layout (1 capacitor + 1 transistor) -- the simplest form -- by mating the (amplifying?) transistor output? It would still need three leads -- just like the 1T1C Memristor Layout.

      What new thing does this article report, aside from my abstract-only readings' interpretation???

      * DISCLAIMER: Why yes, I do work with 2D materials, and with non-volatile memory materials/devices, both in a university environment.

  3. Cataclysm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And immediately, 100 million programmers skills were rendered obsolete

    1. Re: Cataclysm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're nuts. This has nothing to do with eliminating coders.

    2. Re:Cataclysm by Sir+Holo · · Score: 1

      And immediately, 100 million programmers skills were rendered obsolete

      With RAM == Storage, there will indeed be a paradigm shift. There will be plenty of more work for the programmers to do, such as implementing admin-space cron jobs to 'refresh' the NVRAM at 3:00 every Saturday. . . or something like that.

      Also, Hardware Designers are in for a treat as well.

      The whole paradigm will shift when we reach that stage. We (researchers) have been working on the physical realization of a CMOS-integrable memristor for about 20 years, so it's about time.

      The biggest barrier was the CMOS industy's reluctance to allow any new chemical elements into their well-controlled processes. Well, with high-k gate oxide they let in a new element (it's in your computer) to stretch Moore's Law. That barrier has fallen, and the time is ripe.

  4. Sufficient Capacity? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Could you fit enough Memtransistors in Arnold's brain to make a Terminator?

    1. Re:Sufficient Capacity? by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Terminators are made with conventional resistors, and one is enough. Please hand in your geek-card.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    2. Re: Sufficient Capacity? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Resistors are futile

    3. Re: Sufficient Capacity? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...you will be transistorated

  5. More speculation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Everything in this piece is speculative. I can make shit up too, it doesn't mean I'm on the verge of cracking quantum computing. The best way to speculate is to look at what is being implemented now and imagine it being slightly more sophisticated. Seldom if ever, apart from perhaps splitting the atom, are advances of this kind of such sudden magnitude. I doubt very much this will be any exception.

    1. Re:More speculation by gweihir · · Score: 0

      Indeed. But the Neuro-"sciences" are full of cretins that make grand claims and cannot back them up. Remember how start-of-the-art Neuroscience modelling cannot model a C64? (For reference, a C64 is roughly in the complexity of a single neuron to a very small group of neurons.) Most of these people should be stripped of their PhDs for doing gross damage to the credibility of their field.

      And claiming one memresistor + one transistor is "close to a neuron"? That is just a direct, shameless lie.

      The only thing we can expect (eventually) from memresistors is a significantly better replacement for FLASH cells. That would be nice, but has no connection to the grand visions given in the story.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    2. Re:More speculation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The memresistor is the fourth passive component, with the others being a resistor, capacitor and inductor. The other three components are used for a lot of different things, there is nothing to say a memresistor can only be used for memory.

      However since we've only been able to make small memresitors on chips you can't easilly experiement with them at the macro level like you can do with resistors, capacitors and inductors.

    3. Re:More speculation by gweihir · · Score: 0

      It is not: https://www.researchgate.net/p...

      Seriously. And "small on a chip"? What is that nonsense? Ever heard of chips being put into cases and being fitted with leads?
      With minimal effort, I found a source that says around 200uA current through a memresistor. That is well within range what you can handle entirely manually on macroscopic scale: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/doc...

      I think this "memresistor" thing is just another instance of people with no clue seeing the philosopher's stone finally being found.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  6. Did you write that or are you a bot? by goombah99 · · Score: 0

    I have the distinct impression that the above jibberish spew was composed by a buzz word compliant hidden markov model.

    --
    Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
    1. Re: Did you write that or are you a bot? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It read fluently to me and made some salient points.

    2. Re:Did you write that or are you a bot? by nonBORG · · Score: 1

      Comment was obviously written by a bot using AI running on a memristors platform, as a demonstration of the technology.

      --
      You can't handle the truth! - Because I don't post left all my comments get modded down, bye bye Karma.
    3. Re:Did you write that or are you a bot? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe trying to understand the underlying issues (content) may help you?

      Try looking up what the words mean first. Then research the concepts, what problems they're meant to solve, and what issues are still remaining.

      Maybe after a while of this, the arguments above may make some sense, or you come up with similar arguments yourself to compare.

      Captcha: advance

    4. Re:Did you write that or are you a bot? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      then again, this sentence might also be written by such a bot.
      bits 0 and 1 fly
      to what land do they travel?
      sunset and sunrise!

  7. Whatever happened to HP's memristor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Announced by Hewlett-Packard with great PR fanfare ten years ago. Intermittent bursts of PR fluff since then. Has anything shipped in actual products?

    1. Re: Whatever happened to HP's memristor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No product. They donâ(TM)t fit in current architectures so nobody knows what to do with them.

    2. Re:Whatever happened to HP's memristor? by Michael+Woodhams · · Score: 1

      Courtesy of following links in the Wikipedia RRAM page, I find this, an Panasonic 8 bit CPU with embedded RRAM memory. According to Wikipedia, this was around in mid 2016. (RRAM = resistive RAM, a more general term which would include HP's memristor.)

      --
      Quattuor res in hoc mundo sanctae sunt: libri, liberi, libertas et liberalitas.
    3. Re:Whatever happened to HP's memristor? by Michael+Woodhams · · Score: 1

      Here is another. Late 2016, low power EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable read only memory) using RRAM technology. In this case, it looks like they are pushing low power consumption as their niche.

      --
      Quattuor res in hoc mundo sanctae sunt: libri, liberi, libertas et liberalitas.
    4. Re:Whatever happened to HP's memristor? by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      It's in the same space as flash, perhaps closer to XPoint, but doesn't really have the investment of either to bring it to market in quantity and then doesn't have the economies of scale to make it competitive. Last I heard, the biggest chips were 64MB. It's hard to compete with flash because of the incredibly high volumes of flash that can be used to amortise R&D costs. Last I heard, HP was hoping that flash would run into a wall in scalability and they'd get more investment for alternatives in the same space, but that doesn't seem to have happened yet.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    5. Re:Whatever happened to HP's memristor? by Sir+Holo · · Score: 1

      It's in the same space as flash, perhaps closer to XPoint, but doesn't really have the investment of either to bring it to market in quantity and then doesn't have the economies of scale to make it competitive. Last I heard, the biggest chips were 64MB. It's hard to compete with flash because of the incredibly high volumes of flash that can be used to amortise R&D costs. Last I heard, HP was hoping that flash would run into a wall in scalability and they'd get more investment for alternatives in the same space, but that doesn't seem to have happened yet.

      Intel has not revealed the mechanism of X-Point. It could be a special variant of flash storage (like Samsung also just announced).

      64 MB sounds about right. The ones I know are ferroelectric RAM (Fe-RAM), another nonvolatile type of memory technology. RAMtron is the company who makes it, and yes, it is for specific-case niche markets like "high temperature operation" for engines and such. RAMtron was bought-out by a larger player a couple of years ago.

      There is a solution to RAMtron's scaling problem (the polycrystalline active layer should be monocrystalline), but they didn't have the resources to do due diligence and check it back then. Nor the cash to license the IP. Maybe now their new owners do...

  8. And another fine nonsensical headline by gweihir · · Score: 0, Troll

    Nobody knows how the brain works. In fact, the closer we look and the more we know, the more mysterious its workings become. Claiming to bring anything "closer" to its working is a direct lie.

    --
    Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    1. Re:And another fine nonsensical headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      More importantly, brains are terrible at running computer programs.

  9. Dune by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Does no one remember the lessons learned by the Butlerian Jihad?

    1. Re:Dune by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I 'member

  10. Welcome to 2008 by WaxParadigm · · Score: 1

    How is this different than HPs memristor from a decade ago?

    1. Re:Welcome to 2008 by dohzer · · Score: 2

      Completely different. This is a memTrANSistor

    2. Re:Welcome to 2008 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Much more appropriate for these gender fluid times.

    3. Re:Welcome to 2008 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No no. Gender fluid is the coolant for the new generation PC.

    4. Re:Welcome to 2008 by Sir+Holo · · Score: 1

      How is this different than HPs memristor from a decade ago?

      The memristor was first theorized as the 'fourth basic electronic component' in a paper in the 60's or 70's.

      HP gets credit for being first-to-market (with a sub-optimal active-layer material). But, of course, they ran with the material that they had Patent protection for. That keeps their marketplace lead open for a while... Hopefully, they figure out the next leap before everyone catches up with them. (That did not happen.)

  11. In other news... by l0n3s0m3phr34k · · Score: 1

    CyberDyne Systems announces their new "Neural Net CPU". Based on recent breakthroughs of quantum computing and memtransistors, the combination of these technologies promises "many more computations can be done each second, quadrillions of switching positions are possible, many of them simultaneous at each quantum level."

  12. 'brain-like' by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    using that term repeatedly makes me feel, maybe we need a new synonym to describe 'brain-like' functions?

  13. Brain-like computing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why do we keep reading about "breakthroughs" getting us closer to brain-like computing?

    Companies are replacing employees with computers and robots because what they provide is *better*.

    Not once in the history of computing has anyone heard a CEO say "these computers / robots are great, but I just wish they were making more mistakes, being lazy, going on strikes and wasting their time posting on Slashdot".

  14. Not entirely true by Viol8 · · Score: 2

    We have a pretty good idea of how neurons work and behave individually and also some brain components are understood up to a point - eg visual system which has allowed some pretty good advances in artificial neural networks. However how individual systems in the brain link up and produce a conciousness - the ghost in the machine - is still frankly anyones guess. There are lots of idea but nobody really has a clue yet.

    1. Re:Not entirely true by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There is a general consensus that integration in the dendrites causes neurons to fire. Conflicting evidence supports the idea that voltage changes in post-synaptic spines are, or are not, confined to the spines meaning that we still do not know what computations occur in the dendrites (because they are so small it is almost impossible to record from them in the way that we can at the soma). It's true that we have a pretty good idea of how isolated neurons work ex-vivo, what causes neurons to fire in vivo is still in many ways a mystery. Even in the visual system, models are based on first-order approximations of what the real neurons are doing.

    2. Re:Not entirely true by yuriklastalov · · Score: 1

      So what you're saying is that Artificial Intelligence is just around the corner and we should be giving all of our money to the VCs pushing it?

  15. How much closer? by OneHundredAndTen · · Score: 1

    Another millimeter in a race the distance of which we have yet to understand?

  16. How about you enlighten us by goombah99 · · Score: 1

    You clearly never red Von Fredircks fifth postulate of public discourse, please read Willhems essayist, and rodgers publik speaking and it's effect on reason, or sargentzi's Das Discobolus in the original German before you recommend better educations to people ob slashdot.

    --
    Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
  17. typical nanotechnology by Goldsmith · · Score: 1

    I am a nanotechnologist, and this is the BS typical of our field.

    The effect they're looking at is reversibly changing the gate properties of the transistor by carefully spiking the voltage on one input. This is something you can do with a silicon transistor; the magnitude and reproducibility of the effect is driven by the defect density and thickness of the gate oxide. It's temperature dependent, atmosphere dependent... all this stuff is very scientifically interesting, there are a lot of papers and PhD theses you can write on this.

    15 years ago, we saw this same effect in carbon nanotube transistors, and it was my turn to get excited about moving defects around to create and tune unusual transistor properties.

    Mark Hersam, the lead author of this work, knows all this stuff. He knows memristor (and memtransistor) research goes back decades further than HP in the early 2000s. His abstract contains some of those references.

    What we've always lacked and are still lacking here is some basic understanding of how this fits into the real world. How does this fit into any sort of system? What does "scalable fabrication" of (whatever nanotech device) actually require?

    In nanotechnology, we have become truly excellent at producing bespoke devices with exotic materials and designs, but we (as a field and as individuals) have shockingly poor grasp of the problems we're supposed to be solving as well as the actual manufacturing processes we'll need to fit in to.

    At the end of his abstract, Hersam suggests that the best use of his device design is to study defects in nanomaterials. This is a great example of the circular logic that has held nanotechnology back for 30 years.

  18. read it yourself by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't think you read it. this is a multi-terminal device.

  19. How is this not a memristor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And why is this any less of a dead end than the rest of the memristor research field?