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Lead Exposure Kills Hundreds of Thousands of Adults Every Year in the US, Study Finds (theguardian.com)

Bruce66423 shares a report from The Guardian: Last week, a massive new study concluded that lead is 10 times more dangerous than thought, and that past exposure now hastens one in every five U.S. deaths. Researchers at four North American universities, led by Bruce Lanphear, of Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, studied the fate of 14,289 people whose blood had been tested in an official U.S. survey between 1988 and 1994. Four fifths of them had harbored levels of the toxic metal below what has, hitherto, been thought safe. The study found that deaths, especially from cardiovascular disease, increased markedly with exposure, even at the lowest levels. It concluded that lead kills 412,000 people a year -- accounting for 18% of all U.S. mortality, not much less than the 483,000 who perish as a result of smoking. The study has been published in the Lancet Public Health journal.

41 of 220 comments (clear)

  1. Lead kills by LordHighExecutioner · · Score: 4, Funny

    Especially when fired from a Smith&Wesson.

    1. Re: Lead kills by Narcocide · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I actually would have modded this post up if it wasn't for the utterly irrelevant racism. Maybe you should get your tap water checked for lead.

  2. This particular quote is interesting .... by Qbertino · · Score: 4, Funny

    From the study:" .... An especially striking and unexpected finding in these studies is that the association between lead and disease is proportionately greater at lower levels of exposureâ"a so-called supralinear dose-response relation. ..."

    So what they're basically saying is that homeopathy might be right to a certain degree?

    Interesting. Interesting indeed.

    --
    We suffer more in our imagination than in reality. - Seneca
    1. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Megol · · Score: 3, Informative

      Not too interesting. Small doses give a higher response than a linear dose response would indicate, nothing more, nothing less. Magical water memory need not apply.

    2. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Opportunist · · Score: 5, Informative

      That's not exactly what they say. What they say is that 1/10th of a dose does not have 1/10th of the effect, as would be expected, but way more than 1/10th.

      It's still a far cry from the homeopathetic claim that 1/10th of a dose has ten times the effect.

      --
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    3. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by DarkOx · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Right but it does explain how people got by eating and drinking from leaded pewter dishes every day while slathering them selves in lead based make up; and how later people managed to be mostly okay breathing exhaust from leaded gasoline.

      It explains quite nicely how a small amount of lead can cause both serious problems and at the same time mass lead exposure did not destroy society. Although there is thinking that it impacted crime rates.

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    4. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by nospam007 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "Right but it does explain how people got by eating and drinking from leaded pewter dishes every day while slathering them selves in lead based make up; "

      They died with the Roman Empire, some scientists even say, lead is the cause of both deaths.

    5. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Entrope · · Score: 3, Funny

      Homeopathy usually argues that the memory of the "disease" will trigger a cure -- so a hundred-quadrillionth of a dose cancels out the effect of a dose of some toxin that produces the same effect(s) as whatever you just didn't drink.

      Gasoline is unleaded, but retains the memory of being leaded before. So take a swig of gasoline to wash down your colon-cleansing detergent pods, and detox from lead exposure! The American Homeopathy Board approves this message!

    6. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Smidge204 · · Score: 5, Informative

      It explains quite nicely how a small amount of lead can cause both serious problems and at the same time mass lead exposure did not destroy society.

      Nothing of the sort.

      A small dose is proportionally more harmful than a larger dose, not more harmful in an absolute sense. Basically what the study says is double the dose does not result in double the damage.

      If you've been exposed to lead, exposing yourself to more lead will not improve your situation... so put down that paint smoothie.
      =Smidge=

    7. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by nucrash · · Score: 5, Informative

      The fact that for a long time so many societies had shorter lifespans seems to be irrelevant, doesn't it?

      Violent Crime dropped in the US after removing lead from gasoline. After research, we have found out how lead affects the chemistry in the brain. The link actually exists and the science backs it up. Lead does nasty things over a lifetime.

      --
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    8. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Immerman · · Score: 4, Informative

      They didn't start removing the lead from gasoline, they just stopped intentionally adding it.

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      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    9. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Opportunist · · Score: 3, Informative

      Then I guess we should all be really glad water doesn't remember how we mistreat it by abusing it to flush down our shit. Just imagine what potentially potentised diarrheatical effect this would have on all of us!

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    10. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by thegarbz · · Score: 2

      and at the same time mass lead exposure did not destroy society

      The effects of lead poisoning take a while to matieralise. Do you think it's a coincidence that we were huffing the stuff in the 80s and now the best OS we were able to come up with was Windows 10? Open your eyes!

    11. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      hey died with the Roman Empire, some scientists even say

      Crappy theory, originally spread by the germans, and already debunked multiple times. The Roman Empire ended because of the barbarian invasions, not lead exposure, otherwise it wouldn't have lasted for more than 500 years.

    12. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by PeeAitchPee · · Score: 2
    13. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by edtice1559 · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Although it's fun to say that correlation isn't causation, the research into lead and crime rates is both extensive and solid. It's relatively easy to remove confounding variables because different countries removed lead from gasoline at different times with a subsequent reduction in crime. And lots of studies have been done looking for alternative explanations without much luck. Also we have good knowledge of how lead affects the brain which supports the causal hypothesis.

      Gun ownership and crime is surely a very complex topic where the interaction between the two variables makes establishing a causal relationship much harder. I've lived in rural areas where there is no police force. Rates of gun ownership were a big crime deterrent. Of course so was that fact that people were poor so there was no point of robbing them.

      Urban crime rates are likely influenced more by the drug trade than overall gun ownership. The reality is that there are probably geographies where increased gun ownership results in lower crime and other geographies where it results in higher crime. Also, a property crime is less severe than a violent crime which also makes the problem harder.

      In the US we don't have good data in this area because the pro-gun lobby fights any effort to study the problem. The only motivation for such a thing is a fear of what the data will show. You don't want an answer to be found if you're pretty sure you're wrong! I'm pro gun-control but I could be persuaded by data if there were honest attempts and objective studies.

    14. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Solandri · · Score: 2

      That's from an editorial in Mother Jones about 5 years back which made a big splash on the Internet, but didn't provide much evidence (mainly it just asserted the correlation was strong enough to be irrefutable).

      A perusal of recent research on the topic turns up this recent JAMA paper which concluded that after controlling for childhood socioeconomic status, "Findings failed to support a dose-response association between BLL and consequential criminal offending." That would suggest that it's growing up in poverty which leads to future criminal behavior. And indeed if you look at the historical poverty rate, it dropped substantially right around 1970, around the time leaded gasoline began being phased out. And if you compare poverty rate by race, you find that the two races with the highest crime rates (black and hispanic) also have the highest childhood poverty rates.

      This study which states "The consequences of lead exposure for later crime are theoretically compelling, but direct evidence from representative, longitudinal samples is sparse," reaches pretty much the same conclusion, but may be more useful as it provides direct links to other Google Scholar papers on the topic.

      This isn't to say lead is safe. It's known to depress IQ, and though the link with future criminal behavior is weak, it is more strongly linked to antisocial behavior and delinquency. Just that the "irrefutable" link between leaded gasoline and crime presented in the Mother Jones article may in fact just have been a random correlation, not causation.

    15. Re:This particular quote is interesting .... by Swave+An+deBwoner · · Score: 2

      Objection! That's a leading question!

  3. Re:Overlap? by cirby · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The study claims that nothing else had any measurable effect - once you filtered them out, the effect from lead was exactly the same. ...which does bring up a couple of small doubts. There are a number of things that SHOULD cause the amount of lead in your system to have an increased or decreased effect, at least on a detectable level.

    While it's reasonable that very small doses of lead will have a negative effect, I'd like to see some followup on this one. They say "it causes more deaths," but how much? Ten years off your lifespan? Ten days? Somewhere in between?

    It's in The Lancet, after all, and they have a bad habit of occasionally publishing something that's just flat wrong. Vaccines, anyone?

  4. Unlikely by 110010001000 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    People at highest risk from cardiovascular disease are also at risk to exposure to lead. Lead based paint is still prevalent in some inner cities in older housing. Poor people live in this housing and die earlier than middle/upper income people. Poor people have a higher rate of cardiovascular disease. These studies are always so silly.

    1. Re:Unlikely by Gr8Apes · · Score: 2

      Paint deteriorates with time, flaking off and forming dust. I'm pretty sure that the leaded portion of paint is included in that dust. It's probably at greatest risk in poor housing where the lead paint is most likely to still be exposed to air.

      The leaded church roof won't form any meaningful dust but will leach minute levels of lead into rain that falls upon it, thus transferring lead to everywhere the roof's rainwater goes.

      --
      The cesspool just got a check and balance.
    2. Re:Unlikely by jareth-0205 · · Score: 2

      He doesn't read them, he just assumes that everyone else is stupid.

  5. Similar tactics by dargaud · · Score: 5, Interesting

    It's interesting to note the lead has been known to be toxic since at least the time of the ancient greeks. And yet the paint industry used it as its main component for white paint until something like WWII. They used the same tactics that have been later used by Big Tobacco and climate change deniers to delay change by spreading fear, uncertainty and doubt. Particularly paying respected professionals (doctors, etc) to publish and deny toxicity.
    How do we know that ? When they were finally convicted, their archives were forced to become public and proved a treasure trove of assholery (or is that assholeness ?) There are several recent books and publications about that (namely in Scientific American)

    --
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    1. Re:Similar tactics by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Its just a normal aspect of society. We reject bad news on things we are (in general) directly familiar with, like or find useful. Lead is extremely useful. We like(d) cigarettes. We like sugar in our food.

      And we will continue to be that way. I see people instantly reject studies that suggest marijuana in dangerous, or vaping. The people that most staunchly reject those studies tend to be the people that use those products. If we saw a study tomorrow that said potatoes were dangerous, the instant reaction would be that something must be wrong with the study.

      Meanwhile, we collectively accept FUD on things we are less familiar with, like radiation/nuclear power (although X-Rays are fine). I remember how much of the public was afraid of microwave ovens for some time until we all got comfortable with them. Autonomous cars might be another example where FUD is readily accepted due to unfamiliarity.

      Yes, there can be other factors like the tobacco industry interests that play into social reaction, but they were more easily successful in playing down health impacts of cigarettes because of a largely accepting society.

    2. Re:Similar tactics by hey! · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Actually, it's a conscious and deliberate choice by companies to exploit the natural tendency to be overly skeptical of change and overly accepting of the status quo. Yes, society is refractory when it comes to change, but it is not infinitely refractory. Without the calculated deceptions for companies profiting from the status quo, society would adapt to new information more quickly.

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  6. Probably from unleaded gas by Dr.EvilBetty · · Score: 2

    From the dates that the blood samples were taken, 1988-1994, I would say that most people at that time had elevated lead levels from breathing all the leaded gas fumes for years previous. The mandate for catalytic converters went through in 1975 but, as I remember, it was into the 80's before all the leaded gas had stopped being available. I would bet that if that sampling were done now the levels would be much lower for most of the people sampled; at least the younger ones who were born after the switch to unleaded gas.

    1. Re:Probably from unleaded gas by hey! · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Many believe that tetraethyl lead is responsible for the rise in violent crime in the 70s and 80s, tracking the increase in cars and gasoline consumption in the post WW2 years. Likewise the drop in violent starting around 1990 was the effect of lead-free gas.

      Other than the availability of safe, legal abortions, it's about the only factor anyone's come up with that explains the prevalence of the violent crime trend across countries and legal jurisdictions with very different philosophies with respect to crime. In the US the reduction parallels an increase in gun sales, but the same trend occurs in countries where gun sales are flat or have gone down.

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    2. Re:Probably from unleaded gas by Immerman · · Score: 5, Informative

      Quite. In fact I recall a study done analyzing violent crime rates around the world that found in every country violent crime started climbing ~20 years after the introduction of leaded gasoline, and began falling ~20 years after it was eliminated. Basically, if you grew up breathing lead fumes, you were more likely to commit violent crimes as an adult. The fact that every country introduced and banned leaded gasoline at different times helps to eliminate most other confounding factors that might have been responsible.

      Not at all surprising as a social observation, considering we know that on an individual level lead exposure in childhood tends to boost aggressiveness while reducing impulse control.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  7. Re:Type 1 diabetes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    No. So no that it's just scary.

    Type 1 diabetes means "requires insulin". No more, no less. The most common form of it is an auto-immune problem that destroys insulin producing cells. There is actually an effective treatment in testing at Mass. General Hospital, by Dr. Faustmann's lab, using the BCG vaccine in small doses to modify the white cell response and allow adult stem cells to transform into insulin producing cells. It's *very* exciting stuff.

    There is a great deal of immunological analysis and some biological testing that shows autoimmune Type 1 is triggered by infection, especially variants of the Coxsackie B flu virus. It's why some researchers have been trying to provide a diabetes vaccine. Part of the problem is that flu viruses mutate very quickly and very effictively, so even an effective vaccine wouldn't last long.

    Lead is a problem, but for pete's sake don't mix it up with other issues.

  8. Oh crap... by jenningsthecat · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I guess that's the end of my cavalier attitude towards lead-based solder - now that I've been soldering for 50-plus years and still use my lips as a 'third hand' to hold solder sometimes. I know it's elemental lead and therefore less readily absorbed, but still... I've had my blood tested for lead levels a few times, and never had any results that caused my doctor even mild concern. But now that I've read this... It's probably too late for me, but from now on I won't be making any more snarky comments about "politically correct solder".

    Lead based solder performs much better than the alternatives, because lead is an 'aggressive' metal. I guess even the elemental form may be similarly aggressive when it comes to biochemical activity. Of course, this also renews my concerns about the mouthful of mercury I have in the form of dental fillings.

    --
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    1. Re:Oh crap... by ProzacPatient · · Score: 2

      I have actually heard that lead based solder is environmentally better because it would lead (pun not intended) to less waste and contamination. The reasoning is that the eventual breakdown of tin based solder (whiskers, fractures, etc..) causes electronics to fail far more frequently and far sooner than they should otherwise, and so as a consequence instead of fixing it people will just throw their devices away and get another one and then meanwhile their old device will find its way into a dump site somewhere.

      That is just what I've heard. If anyone knows more about this I'd like to hear it.

    2. Re:Oh crap... by Megol · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Short: conspiracy talk.

      Longer (TLDR?):
      Electronics doesn't die due to tin whiskers, the exempted areas that use leaded electronics (military, aviation, space, nuclear power plants, ...) are conservative and use what is known to work. Lead free solder require changes in soldering procedures which did cause problems previously (and in some cases still do) but whiskers aren't something commonly found in failed electronics.
      Most modern electronics die due to trends of everything having to be thin and light. That means we get electronics with smaller solder balls (shrinking BGAs with increasing number of connections), hotter temperatures and more varying temperatures (power management), devices more likely to suffer mechanical torture etc.

      Even if using leaded solder we'd have to use a number of different solders for different purposes and have the associated problems:
      One nice example being the Nvidia problem where BGA chips disconnected after some thermal cycling. While some claim the problem was in the underfill (material going around solder balls "gluing" the BGA chip itself to the substrate) it was often temporary fixed by trying to resolder the BGA chip in place. But the problematic chips used high-lead solder so it's not indicative of problems with lead free solders.
      Other similar problems like for the Xbox 360 have sometimes been blamed on lead free solder (no idea if that's correct) but as the above indicates this is something shared by modern electronics not matter which kind of solder is used.

      Also fashion/trends make people throw away perfectly good electronics long before they fail. I still have electronics produced with early lead free methods and they work exactly as they should - though that is of course just an anecdote rather than proof.

  9. Re:Overlap? by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 2

    I haven't yet met anyone who has survived life.

    I'm living proof of immortality. I haven't died once.

    --
    "That's the way to do it" - Punch
  10. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  11. Re:Overlap? by bobbied · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It's in The Lancet, after all, and they have a bad habit of occasionally publishing something that's just flat wrong. Vaccines, anyone?

    I wouldn't call it a habit of the Lancet per say... Perhaps we should call it more of a profit center.

    Most medical journals have a perverse motive to increase circulation, attention by publishing studies that will bring them critical attention. In the case of the Lancet, they published a faked study about vaccines which they later retracted when it was shown to be faked years later by an investigative reporter. One questions their motives and lax editorial review processes because of things like this. But we really should realize that all of these publishers have the same perverse motives.

    --
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  12. Link to the original article: by quenda · · Score: 2

    I don't need the karma whoring, but why not. Here I think, is the actual article in the Lancet by Lanphear et al.

    abstract: http://www.thelancet.com/journ...

    full text: http://www.thelancet.com/journ...

  13. Good that America cleaned up our coal by WindBourne · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Seriously, either cleaning up or shutting down coal plants is one of the smartest economical things that we did in a while.
    Even now, our lead on the ground is a fraction of what it was 10 years ago. As such, our children will have much lower medical costs than what we have today. The rest will be gone over the next 20 years, if not 10.

    --
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  14. Re:Look at the real statistics by WindBourne · · Score: 2

    This is NOT an anti-lead study. It is a pro-death one. They are simply showing how to accelerate the deaths.

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    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  15. Thanks to coal-fired plants by blind+biker · · Score: 2

    Lead is but one of the heavy metals that coal fired plants spew into the environment, in massive amounts. Compared to them, nuclear plants are decidedly clean.

    --
    "The agriculture ministry is not in charge of Gundam" - Japanese ministry official.
    1. Re:Thanks to coal-fired plants by quenda · · Score: 3, Informative

      Lead is but one of the heavy metals that coal fired plants spew into the environment, in massive amounts. Compared to them, nuclear plants are decidedly clean.

      This is all true, but lead is a very small part of that problem. Only 41 tonnes of lead from coal in 2014, compared to around 100 tonnes from leaded avgas, and over 100,000 tonnes/year back when cars used leaded gasoline.

      https://www.ucsusa.org/clean-e...

  16. Ob by Hognoxious · · Score: 3, Funny

    Last week, a massive new study concluded that lead is 10 times more dangerous than thought

    There was this guy in my town who died of thought. He was an electrician and he thought he'd pulled the master fuse out.

    --
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