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How a Virus Spreads Through an Airplane Cabin (gizmodo.com)

An anonymous reader shares a report: Traveling by plane greatly increases our chances of getting sick, or so many of us are wont to believe. To be fair, it's not uncommon to come down with a nasty illness after we return from a vacation or business trip. But is flying the culprit? The latest research suggests the answer is no -- but much of it depends on where we sit. New research published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that airline passengers infected with influenza -- a disease that spreads through the air -- aren't likely to infect other passengers who sit more than two seats to the left or right, or more than two seats in front or back. In other words, your chances of contracting the flu from an infected passenger are slim -- unless you're sitting within about three feet (one meter) of them. Given that three billion of us fly annually, combined with the popular conception that we often contract diseases inflight, it's surprising to learn that very few studies have looked into this issue in detail.

76 comments

  1. And about the contact version of the flu? by Wild_dog! · · Score: 2

    So how long does the flu virus sit on a surface?

    Every time I see someone hacking up a lung on a plane I wonder how big a radius has that one person infected.
    Then I think about how long the duration of the virus on a surface is.

    Then I think of my inadvertent hand contact with such surfaces and the innocent brushing of my eyes or handling of something I might stuff in my mouth along with he virus.

    I just don't buy what they are selling and I got my masters in public health with an emphasis in Tropical Disease.

    Maybe diseases and their spread has changed somehow since I went to school?

    1. Re:And about the contact version of the flu? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Informative

      Every time I see someone hacking up a lung on a plane ...

      In China they use IR cameras at the security gate. If you are running a fever, or hacking and coughing, you can't board the plane. The rationale is to keep disease in one province from spreading to the rest of the country, but it should also reduce in-flight infections.

    2. Re:And about the contact version of the flu? by Wild_dog! · · Score: 1

      Bird flu amongst other diseases I would think. With people packed in as they are in China, it seems like the spread of things could be a bit easier and quicker.

      An old epidemiology professor reminded me that any single study is not often correct. Once their are 20 studies that back it up one may be on to something.
      But alas, our anti-science society seems to latch on to every new study as if it is absolutely how things are rather than a study which points in a direction there needs to be more study.

    3. Re:And about the contact version of the flu? by mentil · · Score: 4, Funny

      The IR cameras are actually to detect androids/reptilians hiding among the populace.

      --
      Corruption is convincing someone that the selfless ideal is the same as their selfish ideal.
    4. Re:And about the contact version of the flu? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Simple solution: practice mucophagy.

    5. Re:And about the contact version of the flu? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...and upgrade them to first class.

  2. recycled fart by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I would think the front of the plane would be safer, due to the recycled fart theory of airflow prevalent in the back of the plane

  3. Like you have a choice? by OffTheLip · · Score: 1

    I fly when no other option is available. I plan to for germs but if seated near a sick person my options are limited. Parachute please?

    1. Re:Like you have a choice? by Spy+Handler · · Score: 2

      You can always bring a respirator with a full face goggle, Heisenberg style. If you wear this during the flight, you're protected from airborne spit particles that are ejected when a neighbor sneezes AND you're protected from germs on surfaces (because you have to touch the surface with your hand and then touch your mouth/nose/eyes with your hand to get infected, and you can't touch your face if you have the respirator on).

      After you get off the plane, take off the respirator first *then* thoroughly wash your hands. If you wash your hands first and then take off the mask, your hands could get germs that are sitting on the outside surface of the mask.

    2. Re:Like you have a choice? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Carry a medical quality face mask with you and force it on to the sick person

    3. Re:Like you have a choice? by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      I love germaphobes. Have you guys ever kissed anyone? You aren't going to die from germs. You might get some sniffles. Geez.

    4. Re:Like you have a choice? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can always bring a respirator with a full face goggle, Heisenberg style.

      I prefer to use the one in the ceiling panel the airline provides for us.

    5. Re:Like you have a choice? by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

      And as a backup, also carry a roll of duct tape.

      Signed,
      Red Green.

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
    6. Re:Like you have a choice? by Spy+Handler · · Score: 1

      Have you guys ever kissed anyone?

      Kissing a healthy person who is not infected with a communicable disease = harmless. Kissing an infected person = you will be infected.

      You aren't going to die from germs.

      I suggest you google "young adult influenza deaths 2018"... you might change your mind.

    7. Re:Like you have a choice? by 110010001000 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      No you won't get infected. If that were true everyone in the entire planet would be sick constantly. Amazingly your body has this thing called an "immune system". Get over yourself. And, wow, 30 deaths out of 350 million? You need to get a grip on reality. Over 3,500 people drowned last year in the US. Germaphobes have a complete lack of common sense.

    8. Re:Like you have a choice? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I love germaphobes. Have you guys ever kissed anyone?

      Fun fact, there isn't much difference between the oral and genital herpes viruses. You can give someone genital herpes via oral sex - and vice versa. And, of course, kissing also transmits oral herpes.

      You aren't going to die from germs. You might get some sniffles. Geez.

      Tens of thousands of people die from the flu each year. But even if you just beat someone up badly enough to have comparable amount of pain and suffering as from the flu, you would go to jail for a long time.

      We know that disease transmission isn't magical. It requires relatively close contact. Quarantine is effective - just look at the difference between American Samoa and Western Somoa during the 1918 influenza outbreak.

    9. Re:Like you have a choice? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can always bring a respirator with a full face goggle, Heisenberg style.

      You don't actually need a Ebola research grade respirator to dramatically reduce your risk.

      The influenza virus doesn't just float through the air "dry" all by itself - it needs to exist in (at least a small droplet of) water. So even a hardware store dusk mask will trap most of the aerosol that's released when someone coughs or sneezes. Even if you just reduce you risk of infection by a factor of ten, that's still pretty good - getting the flu once every ten years versus once a year.

      Myself, I carry a hardware store dust mask in my pocket when I travel by air. If everyone around me is healthy then I don't bother to use it - since it's pretty uncomfortable. But I've used it sitting next to people who were obviously very sick and coughing constantly - and I haven't gotten sick.

    10. Re:Like you have a choice? by i286NiNJA · · Score: 1

      You live in the middle of Silicon Valley where there is an epidemic of hepatitis via surface contamination. (Hep can survive on surfaces for weeks)
      There are also regular norovirus outbreaks.
      Both of these diseases can kill you and I'd hate to be the motherfucker who catches the both at the same time because his sleeve scraped some surface that some homeless supercarrier sat on to dump a load of bloody diarrhea.

    11. Re:Like you have a choice? by i286NiNJA · · Score: 1

      Go look up how little norovirus it takes to make a healthy person into a sick person. Did you know that the effectiveness of your immune system may vary. So if you work your ass off all week on a deadline, head straight to the bar on friday night, and wake up with a hangover. You're going to get sick super easy.

    12. Re: Like you have a choice? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, hundreds of people die from flu each year. Not tens of thousands. Just recently, enough of the true CDC statistics and methodology have come out that it's now clear the public health officials have been slanting the stats in an effort to get people to get flu shots. Because they know if they told the truth, many people wouldn't bother.

  4. what about cruise ships? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How do epidemics on those vessels differ from airplanes? Seems it would be even less likely to occur given the fresh air and far less cramped accommodations, yet haven't several occurred in the past few years?

    1. Re:what about cruise ships? by laie_techie · · Score: 1

      How do epidemics on those vessels differ from airplanes? Seems it would be even less likely to occur given the fresh air and far less cramped accommodations, yet haven't several occurred in the past few years?

      Very few flights last more than 12 hours, but many cruises last for days. Cruises provide fresh air, true, but you have more time together.

    2. Re:what about cruise ships? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Norovirus is your companion on ships with the occasion outbreak of Legionnaires disease and those rats.

    3. Re:what about cruise ships? by dsgrntlxmply · · Score: 1

      Cruise ships have much greater mobility of passengers on board, plenty of hand contact surfaces like stair railings and elevator buttons, common buffet tables and eating areas, gambling equipment, theater seats, hours spent standing in line, milling crowds, confined passageways, and a typical exposure window of 6-10 days.

      I spent most of my one and only cruise (Alaska / Inside Passage from Seattle) on deck.

    4. Re:what about cruise ships? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Cruises provide fresh air, true, but you have more time together.

      And legionella infected water supplies.

    5. Re:what about cruise ships? by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 2

      milling crowds

      Oh, so they have activities for makers now? Do they have 3D printers and laser cutters, or only CNC routers?

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
    6. Re:what about cruise ships? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not really, there is a lot of food being prepared on cruise ships, which is a common form of trasnmission

    7. Re:what about cruise ships? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      They also have more or less fresh made food. So if one of the food stuff is infected it spreads easy to the passengers and crew.

      E.g. tossed salad ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    8. Re:what about cruise ships? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's not the kind of mill they were talking about. It's one of these.

      I miss Age of Empires 2...

    9. Re: what about cruise ships? by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      I see what you did, there...

    10. Re: what about cruise ships? by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      angel'o'sphere is German, I don't think he'd use such an idiom. I am German myself and while I understand this particular euphemism, I only know it because I had to look it up once and I certainly wouldn't use it because it feels very alien to a German.

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
  5. 2 seats +/-. by gatfirls · · Score: 1

    ...so as you are walking through the cabin that is fully seated you may be within that proximity to 3/4 the people on the plane at one time or another.

    1. Re:2 seats +/-. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      you mean like in the bus, train, concerts, cinema and one million other places where people tend to gather?

    2. Re:2 seats +/-. by gatfirls · · Score: 1

      Yes, exactly like those other places where viruses tend to spread.

  6. Try tuberculosis by dsgrntlxmply · · Score: 2

    There was a memorable 1996 article in the New England Journal of Medicine examining transmission of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a passenger on a commercial airline flight.

    http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/1...

    Especially memorable is a seat map showing the index passenger's seat, and locations of others who showed positive TB skin tests.

    1. Re:Try tuberculosis by tomhath · · Score: 1
      As I read the article, their model concludes that viruses are mostly spread to fellow passengers in close proximity. They then note that this isn't the observed phenomenon:

      Then how can we explain case reports documenting the over 40% of transmission of influenza and SARS to nontribe passengers?

      Their explanation is that their model is correct but the observed data is wrong...Okay.

    2. Re:Try tuberculosis by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      No, they are simply plain dumb.

      The spread is via the airconditioning system.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    3. Re:Try tuberculosis by Lab+Rat+Jason · · Score: 1

      Yeah... I had a flight some years ago where someone threw up just as the doors were being closed... the flight crew refused to re-open them due to some regulations or something... the flight had to continue on with the smell of vomit circulating the cabin for 5 hours. It is important to note that we were not all seated together, with 8-10 rows of separation on the flight. 24 hours after landing my entire family got full blown GI distress... and 24 hours after that, nearly every person we had interacted with between landing, and when we started to experience symptoms all started having symptoms. We tried to contain it by having all those people give warning to everyone else, but it was a lost cause. Worst vacation evar! I'm pretty certain that everyone on that flight got violently ill. It'd be nice if airlines could filter the recirculated air, but unlikely given the expense and maintenance requirements.

      --
      Which has more power: the hammer, or the anvil?
    4. Re:Try tuberculosis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Stomach "flu", which is completely different from the influenza virus which infect the upper respiratory system, is notoriously contagious.

      But these days many modern aircraft do have HEPA filters in their air recirculation system. So it's possible that the transmission was by another mechanism, for example, maybe one of the stewardesses who helped clean up the vomit then started serving drinks and scooping ice out of an ice bin where her virus contaminated hands were coming in contact with the ice. Or maybe the index case just threw up near the drinks cart and the viral aerosol settled on top of the cans of soda. Or maybe the index case went to the bathroom and touched the bathroom door handle and then other people also touched the bathroom door handle (and then their mouths or some food they were eating by hand).

    5. Re:Try tuberculosis by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      Those are HEPA filtered. (But they probably don't maintain it well!) A dirty HEPA filter actually becomes better at filtering even smaller particles as its pores load up. It'd be a surprise if droplets of pathogen even made their way into the air intake for recirculation as it was.

    6. Re:Try tuberculosis by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure if the AC can filter virus, I doubt it however.
      For certain the AC causes "wind" inside of the fuselage and can so spread a simple sneeze much farer then just the next seats.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    7. Re:Try tuberculosis by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      If it is HEPA it can most certainly filter viruses, that's what is used in PAPRs that keep researchers safe from ebola and what have you. You see them in movies, as well.

    8. Re:Try tuberculosis by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Yeah, but we are talking about the AC in an airplane. I google later a bit, perhaps they indeed have virus proof filters, too. After all it would make sense. But perhaps it is to costly or to heavy.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  7. 3 billion? by 110010001000 · · Score: 0

    3 billion people fly annually? Unlikely. My guess is around 500 million. Who writes this stuff?

    1. Re:3 billion? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      On a 7 billion planet?

      Why don't you google?

      https://garfors.com/2014/06/10... that is from 2014 ...

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    2. Re:3 billion? by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      Do you think? The "3 billion" number is the number of passengers. That is number of people sitting in a seat. Many people fly multiple flights per destination and fly multiple trips. That is where the "3 billion" number comes from - it isn't the number of individuals. There are whole areas of the world that don't have shoes, or haven't seen an airplane. You guys need to get out of your basement.

    3. Re:3 billion? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Of course it is not the number of individuals ... no one claimed that.

      You guys need to get out of your basement.
      And you should get some clue :D

      E.g. I have no basement ... just like you have no shoes ... or who was it you referred to, who has no shoes?

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    4. Re:3 billion? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How can you possibly interpret "Three billion of us fly annually" not to mean three billion people? A person wrote that article, not a (person,flight) tuple.

  8. Re:Like Russia spread misinformation for Moscow Do by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Will you all please shut the fuck up with this crap? Aside from it being complete bullshit, this is not the forum for you to work out your hurt feelings for not successfully installing a socialist in our presidency.

    Kindly fuck off.

  9. Also by ilsaloving · · Score: 1

    It also works if you're using an old Apple Powerbook. Then your virus can infect *anything*, even computers based on completely alien technology.

    1. Re:Also by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Yes, but you have to upload it manually ... here comes the trick!

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  10. Excuse me? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...or so many of us are wont to believe.

    What the hell does "wont to believe" mean?

    English, motherfucker, do you speak it?

    1. Re:Excuse me? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Alas, they do but you don't. Dunning-Kruger in play.

      wont

    2. Re:Excuse me? by Hugh+Jorgen · · Score: 0

      wha -- what?

    3. Re:Excuse me? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is english, but only for literate people.

    4. Re:Excuse me? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The word may be valid but not in the sentence used above. It's also an old word from the 12th century, in rare usage today. #fail

    5. Re:Excuse me? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Wrong again. 'Wont to believe' means 'are accustomed to believing'. Substitute that in the sentence and it makes perfect sense.

      An old word? WTF does that mean? I didn't realize words had an expiration date.

      Rare usage? Only among idiots.

    6. Re:Excuse me? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The story uses English perfectly.

    7. Re:Excuse me? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Haven't you heard the news?

      creimer bought /. and as usual, he is all over the place, pushing editors off their desks and doing the editing himself.

  11. proofread by Hugh+Jorgen · · Score: 0

    Wont != want

    1. Re:proofread by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No shit. Wont is a tendency. Want is a desire. Guess which one is correct here (hint, it isn't the one you are wont to choose).

    2. Re:proofread by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The usage of "wont" in the story is correct. Hugh Jorgen, "want" is not appropriate here. https://www.grammarly.com/blog...

    3. Re:proofread by rogoshen1 · · Score: 2

      is there anything more humiliating for a grammar Nazi than getting called out for pulling a 'Ted', and being wrong?

      Good times.

  12. Re:Like Russia spread misinformation for Moscow Do by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    sure Ivan

  13. I laugh at you virus scareddy pants... by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1, Funny
    You windows users are such wimps, needing so much of anti virus software. As a certified fanboi of Apple I don't need no such thing and I am totally protected. I am not scared of virus...

    Wait, I am way off base here, right? It's not that kind of virus, eh?

    Well, why waste a perfectly typed comment? Hit submit.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
  14. Correlates Well by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Scientific studies have found that keeping a distance of 1 metre from infected (or potentially infected) individuals has a strong effect at limiting transmission. The disease studied this way that I looked up was meningitis. Flu and many other illnesses transmit in a similar way, via macroscopic water droplets.

    1. Re:Correlates Well by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, volume goes as the cube of distance, so if probability of infection is proportional to aerosol concentration then going from half a meter away to a meter would reduce your chance of infection by a factor of eight.

  15. Wrong ! by JimSadler · · Score: 1

    Fast travel and long distance travel spreads disease at very high speed. You might sit next to a sick person and never get sick but then you go to the store and four people get sick and take it home and it goes from there. It is a very serious problem and short of stopping travel and tourism it is a hazard we all must bear.

    1. Re:Wrong ! by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      And amazingly we aren't all dead. You guys need to realize that your body has an immune system. Germs aren't going to kill you.

    2. Re:Wrong ! by SNRatio · · Score: 1

      And amazingly we aren't all dead. You guys need to realize that your body has an immune system. Germs aren't going to kill you.

      Unless you are elderly or immune compromised. Then they can kill you. If you are in one of those groups and you are lucky the people around you will be vaccinated and practice good hygiene. Even if young healthy people don't care that much about catching the flu themselves, maybe they don't want to accidentally kill their own parents/grandparents?

  16. Re:Like Russia spread misinformation for Moscow Do by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's Ivanka to you...

  17. I'm tired... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Of these mother fucking viruses on these mother fucking planes!

  18. What about the bathroom? by Subm · · Score: 1

    > In addition to recording the movements of passengers and crew, the team also collected air and surface samples from areas most likely to host microbes.

    The article didn't mention the bathrooms, of which only a few service dozens of people who serially share a very small space.

  19. I don't believe it by nospam007 · · Score: 1

    I always see the sneezers sniveling and rubbing their running noses, then walk to the toilet and steadying themselves by touching every seat top on the way, the very same spots all the other passengers touch as well on their way to the toilets.

    No need for airborne viruses.

  20. airflow disturbance by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I expect this low chance of infection is probably due to the constant airflow in the cabin. This airflow is heavily disturbed during (un)boarding when everybody gets up, starts getting their luggage, and then wait five more minutes in uncomfortable postures packed together half standing half still sitting, stretching, getting back to life, coughing a little. At that time also the air conditioning sometimes shifts in a different mode and temperature rises and flow changes. I expect most infections to take place during boarding and especially during unboarding.