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Poor Grades Tied To Class Times That Don't Match Our Biological Clocks (berkeley.edu)

An anonymous reader shares a report: It may be time to tailor students' class schedules to their natural biological rhythms, according to a new study from UC Berkeley and Northeastern Illinois University. Researchers tracked the personal daily online activity profiles of nearly 15,000 college students as they logged into campus servers. After sorting the students into "night owls," "daytime finches" and "morning larks" -- based on their activities on days they were not in class -- researchers compared their class times to their academic outcomes. Their findings, published today in the journal Scientific Reports, show that students whose circadian rhythms were out of sync with their class schedules -- say, night owls taking early morning courses -- received lower grades due to "social jet lag," a condition in which peak alertness times are at odds with work, school or other demands. "We found that the majority of students were being jet-lagged by their class times, which correlated very strongly with decreased academic performance," said study co-lead author Benjamin Smarr, a postdoctoral fellow who studies circadian rhythm disruptions in the lab of UC Berkeley psychology professor Lance Kriegsfeld.

33 of 294 comments (clear)

  1. Grow up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Life isn't always about getting the schedule or job you want. Sometimes you have to suck it up and do what you need to do and stop whining about why you fail.

    1. Re: Grow up by reanjr · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Perhaps. Or perhaps - like me - one may only accept jobs without onerous requirements on hours worked. You want me to be in at 9am for a quarterly review meeting? Sure. You need me in by 9am every morning. Nope.

    2. Re: Grow up by gnick · · Score: 4, Interesting

      At my last job, we had "core hours" from 9-3 that everyone was supposed to be in, but outside those hours was up to us. I got used to a 6:30-3:00 schedule that I still maintain even though I no longer have formal schedule requirements. As long as you're in for enough of the day to overlap sufficiently with the people you need to interact with, I see no reason to dictate mornings or afternoons.

      --
      He's getting rather old, but he's a good mouse.
    3. Re: Grow up by cayenne8 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Perhaps. Or perhaps - like me - one may only accept jobs without onerous requirements on hours worked. You want me to be in at 9am for a quarterly review meeting? Sure. You need me in by 9am every morning. Nope.

      Ok, I can see this maybe if working an odd job, maybe a restaurant job (I did these while in school and growing up)...but you certainly can't be serious about this for a real job?

      You must be young, perhaps a millennial in order to thing that 9am is "onerous".....but that's they way the real world works my friend.

      If you want to make a healthy living, you need to face up to that quick.

      The days of sleeping till noon are for teens still living at home, as an adult, you need to go to bed earlier and get up for real world hours.

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    4. Re: Grow up by cayenne8 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If you are good at something - job should accommodate you, not the other way.

      Hmm...I take it we grew up getting a trophy for showing up, and raised to think the world revolves around you didn't we?

      I've got some bad news for you sunshine....unless you wanna live your live in a box under the freeway, you'd better learn quick that YOU had to adjust to how the rest of the world works and deal with it.

      Unless you are independently wealthy already, that's just a fact of life.

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    5. Re: Grow up by jimtheowl · · Score: 2

      It used to be common for people in I.T. to work exceeding long hours because of an emergency, or just stay up all night because they had a new interesting system to experiment with. In either cases, and especially if they were good at what they did, their managers knew to cut them some slack instead of being anal about the hours they would show up in the morning.

      Most people who love what they do tend to put more hours into their jobs than those who show up on time because they have to, then leave as soon as they can.

    6. Re:Grow up by eth1 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Life isn't always about getting the schedule or job you want. Sometimes you have to suck it up and do what you need to do and stop whining about why you fail.

      Look at it from the point of view of an (intelligent) employer. Unless I need you at specific times to cover a shift, why would I not want you to be working when you're most productive?

    7. Re: Grow up by TheRaven64 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The 9am work time exists because that's the time that people in their 50s, on average, become most awake and those were the ones in management positions when the working day drifted towards standardisation. The average time for different age groups to reach peak awareness is basically later for younger people (teenagers are basically useless before 11am). This has been studied for ages and is well known. There are outliers (in both directions). Any job that expects any kind of alertness or creative output should adapt the work times for individuals. Doing anything else is simply accepting that you won't get the best work out of people and whichever manager decides on it should be willing to explain it to the shareholders and auditors.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    8. Re: Grow up by jd · · Score: 2

      Yes, that is how the world works. Problem is, it's inefficient. Which means that whichever company stops working like that first will out-compete those who don't. I work to the real world's schedule, but it's the schedule set by nations with a failing economy that can't keep up with those who work differently. I don't demand that the real world accommodate me, unlike the grandparent post, but I do keep my eye on those who have adapted and evolved. If I can find a way to fit in with THEM, then I'll move. I owe no country and no culture loyalty. It works or it doesn't.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    9. Re:Grow up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Knowing that this is a problem is an important step towards addressing it.

      With the exception of bosses that think you're not a good employee unless you're miserable, most realize that having productive employees is important. This kind of research supports things like flex-time and telecommuting. Both of which can allow for employees to shift their work to better match their body's needs. The result is better quality, less illness, less on the job accidents and potentially better employee retention.

      It can be tricky to offer those options to employees as it makes it harder to know if the employees are spending the time on things that they're being paid for.

    10. Re: Grow up by jeff4747 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Hmm...I take it we grew up getting a trophy for showing up, and raised to think the world revolves around you didn't we?

      You know, the monumentally stupid thing about this particular insult is it was not the kids deciding to hand out participation trophies. After all, they were kids and weren't handing out anything.

      The kids could handle losing just fine. Their parents could not. In other words, your generation handed out trophies because your precious snowflake didn't win.

    11. Re:Grow up by nospam007 · · Score: 2

      "Life isn't always about getting the schedule or job you want. Sometimes you have to suck it up and do what you need to do and stop whining about why you fail."

      But...but...they are SPECIAL!

      Their mom told them.

    12. Re: Grow up by jeff4747 · · Score: 2

      And your evidence that they are actually not able to work in the real world?

      'Cause again, the kids were just fine then and are just fine now. The "whining" is comments like "We shouldn't be saddling kids with mountains of student loan debt in order for them to pass the basic entry requirements to a better life". You'll note that this statement isn't even about them. It's about the future and people other than them who should not be put in the same position.

      You, on the other hand, are constructing and incinerating strawmen in an attempt to drag down people you've never met.

      I eagerly await your avocado toast based follow-up.

    13. Re: Grow up by obenchainr · · Score: 2

      Here's a start; the lit review at the beginning is rather thorough.

      Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences

      The association of early adolescent development/pubertal onset and a more evening-type circadian phase preference (ie, preferred timing of sleep and wake as well as daytime activities) has been documented since the 1990s.36 The behavioral result of this biological process is most clear in the timing of sleep, particularly for weekends. For example, Roenneberg et al37 measured the midpoint of weekend sleep in European schoolchildren and revealed a marked linear delay of 2 (girls) to 3 (boys) hours across the second decade, roughly 12 to 18 minutes later with each year of age. The reversal of this delayed weekend sleep pattern may be a “biological marker for the end of adolescence.”

      Recent data have indicated that another process involved in regulating sleep timing seems to be altered to favor late nights across adolescent development. This process, called sleep–wake homeostasis, can be thought of as the system that accounts for greater pressure to sleep as one stays awake longer. Data collected with 2 different paradigms to estimate the rate of buildup of sleep pressure in prepubertal versus postpubertal adolescents indicate that more mature adolescents accumulate this sleep pressure at a slower rate.38,39

    14. Re:Grow up by lgw · · Score: 2

      Sure, it takes a few years to shake off the juvenile need to sleep in after years of staying up late partying, or gaming, or binge watching TV shows,

      Being an early bird is not a moral virtue. Different people have different circadian rhythms. If yours is naturally less than or about 24 hours, you'll find it easy to get up early, and fatiguing to stay up late. If yours is naturally, say, 25 hours, you'll find the reverse.

       

      Looking at it from the point of view of an (intelligent) employer, I would want to hire employees that were most productive during regular work hours.

      Sure, if conformity matters to you more than ability. Makes perfect sense for a manufacturing line, or any number of related jobs that robots do better. But if you need your employees to be creative, you make every allowance for them you practically can, because it's damn hard to find anyone competent, let alone great.

      If you make software developers come in early on a regular basis, you'll get the dregs.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
  2. Huh ... so maybe rounding kids up like cattle and packing them into big buildings and trying to educate them like cattle has other dangers then just making them big targets.

    Or are these findings just applicable to college age?

    1. Re:huh by AHuxley · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Years of school and the difficult exams needed to get into a "University" should have sorted all the people unable to study out.
      Academic performance is something that could have been tested for well before "University".
      Once accepted into university a person should be able to study at normal times of the day all over a week.
      How did they pass all the exams and tests to a good national standard to get accepted into university?
      Could study for years and based on merit was found to be better than most in the nation.
      Get to university and is found to have a study alertness condition?
      Thats the very best the entire nation could test for and was able to educate for years?
      Only to get to university after all the testing and not do well the study?
      The one thing every test over years should have detected well before any "University"".
      Make the tests difficult again. That will find out who can study and who is ready for years of more work at university.
      Who will be able to work on a thesis and show their new work on their thesis was their own.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  3. Juvenile Biological Rhythms by ve3oat · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So we tailor their class times to their biological rhythms and they turn into adults with juvenile biological rhythms. Will they ever really grow up?

    1. Re:Juvenile Biological Rhythms by PPH · · Score: 4, Funny

      Will they ever really grow up?

      No we won't. And you can't make us. So there! Nyah, nyah, nyah!

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
  4. Re:Coddling. by Opportunist · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Our ancestors worked a few hours a day hunting game and then went back to doing nothing. Pretty much like most predators in the wild.

    The main difference is that we today have a LOT more to spend our time and money on so we have to work more to get that shit paid. But if you consider what you really need, you'll notice that working just a few hours a day is plenty.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  5. Generally agree by Anrego · · Score: 2

    Well, my first reaction (as many others I'm sure) was that sometimes work doesn't align with your sleep cycle either so suck it up.

    But then much of the method in school (especially now) doesn't align with the real world, and school isn't supposed to be analogous to a work environment. I always felt like I was more with it in my afternoon classes going through school, and that has continued on in my work life. Luckily I now have a job with flex hours where I can roll in at 10pm and work till 7pm, covering what seems to be my hard wired peak window of useful brain time.

    That said, what can you do. There's plenty of people who are at their best in the morning, and school logistics are complicated enough I'm sure. Switching to online learning sounds great in theory, but I genuinely believe a big part of school is the social aspect. Looking back I probably would have loved to not have to physically go to school, but the social experience probably did shape me for the better.

  6. Re:Coddling. by lucm · · Score: 4, Interesting

    People today would not be able to cope with what they had to.

    So what? I don't think my grandfather, who had the same job his entire adult life, expected dinner to be on the table when he got home, and frequently relied on violence as an educational tool would thrive in today's world either. The only thing that doesn't seem to change is people who repeat ad nauseam that things were better in the past.

    Society is evolving. For the most part, men no longer drag women by their hair to fuck them next to piles of animal bones in cold, humid caves, and I don't think we lost of lot as a species as we moved past that. Today, with some exceptions, every person has a chance to make a meaningful contribution to society, and this is a good thing if we're at a point where people think about biological clocks to optimize productivity and happiness, instead of "toughing it out" and sticking with rigid systems.

    Yes, there are idiotic aspects in today's life that may be mistakenly perceived as "evolution" (such as sexist and racist hiring policies at Google under the guise of "diversity"), but challenging the practice of having rigid schedules is not one of them. It's about time that we start considering better options than 9 to 5 for everyone, and next time you're stuck in traffic at rush hour you'll probably agree.

    --
    lucm, indeed.
  7. Re:Wait, what? by obenchainr · · Score: 2

    Similar to the other reply. I'm a STEM major. For many of my classes at the local CC (I'm transferring this fall), there was one slot any given semester, and often the same slot every semester. In my case, this is a complication more because I also work full time; I've been lucky enough to juggle my hours at work (I'm salaried), but others might not be. This kind of thing is especially true for low-enrollment-but-necessary classes with labs (like modern physics or more advanced engineering classes). I mean, I'm definitely the kind of person who prefers to sleep in until 9-10, but I've been getting up between 6 and 7 for work for 20 years now. I can do it, but I'm not going to pretend my performance in the early morning is the same as what it is by noon or in the afternoon.

  8. Re:Teaching has a vastly greater impact by lucm · · Score: 2

    While a bit groggy in my first period classes, I was always wide awake by my second class.

    [...]

    My point in writing this is there are more important measures to address than morning class times if we want to improve a student's scholastic success rate.

    That's like saying: "I would need to lose maybe 10 pounds, and this qualifies me to decide that morbidly obese people should just stop eating junk food and get in shape instead of bitching about hormones and requesting bypass surgery."

    --
    lucm, indeed.
  9. Re:Coddling. by iamhassi · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The main difference is that we today have a LOT more to spend our time and money on so we have to work more to get that shit paid.

    False. While most things have rose at the rate of inflation, prices for entertainment have dropped substantially in the past 20 years. While a 55" tv would have cost $3,000+ just twenty years ago, they can now be bought for $300. Camcorders, cameras, tape/cd players have all been replaced by relatively inexpensive smartphones. Film and tapes for cameras and camcorders have been replaced by cheap memory cards and free unlimited online storage you can access anywhere from your phone. DVD and vcrs have been replaced by smart tvs with Netflix, Hulu and YouTube. 20 years ago you might spend thousands on a reasonable music and movie collection, that has been replaced by spending a few dollars a month on Netflix and Amazon streaming, Apple Music and Spotify.

    Thanks to advances in vehicle reliability people are even keeping cars longer, an average of 11.5 years https://www.cnbc.com/2015/07/2...

    So really this is the richest the average American has ever been.

    --
    my karma will be here long after I'm gone
  10. Re:Coddling. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    men no longer drag women by their hair

    When your argument begins with a cartoon, expect your arguments to be treated as cartoonish.

  11. Re:Coddling. by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 2

    Our ancestors (most of them) worked all day from before the sun rose to after it set just to survive, farming, gathering, hunting, whatever it took.

    Our ancestors worked a few hours a day hunting game and then went back to doing nothing.

    You're both right. It depends on which ancestors you are looking at. 300 years ago AC is correct. 3000 years ago Opportunist is correct. It depends which ancestors you're looking at. I imagine 3000 years ago, it probably depended on the season a lot too. In winter you probably had to work a lot harder to get you daily calories than you had to in late Spring.

    --
    "That's the way to do it" - Punch
  12. Science by SeattleLawGuy · · Score: 3, Interesting

    So we tailor their class times to their biological rhythms and they turn into adults with juvenile biological rhythms. Will they ever really grow up?

    It doesn't matter. What matters is whether it is more effective to provide more off-shift jobs. We have TRILLIONS of dollars in capital that go unused at night, when people go home. If 10% of labor is also more effective at later hours, that's worth exploring.

    --
    Real lawyers write in C++
  13. That's not what makes night owls by Solandri · · Score: 4, Informative

    Night owls don't stay up late and wake up late because they like to party and are lazy to wake up in the morning. Researchers have found that not everyone's biological clock runs at exactly 24 hours. Those whose clock runs slower (say 25 hours) are night owls - they tend to still be alert after the earth's rotation says they should've gone to sleep, and likewise tend to wake up later because their biological clock put them to sleep later. Those whose clock runs faster (say 23 hours) are morning larks - they tend to wake up earlier because their biological clock put them to sleep more quickly, and likewise they tend to fall asleep earlier in the night.

    BTW, studies have shown people's average biological clock (when deprived of reference to day/night cycles) is 24.2 hours to 25 hours. So it's actually the night owls who are normal, and the morning larks who are abnormal.

  14. Re:Coddling. by stabiesoft · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I don't think so. PBS did a things years back where they took a group of people and made them "settlers". They gave them a typical amount of money for the general store. Their job was to during the summer create what was necessary to make it thru the winter, by chopping wood, growing corn etc. The findings were not good. Every single family would have froze to death. Some would have made it a couple of months, which was not even close to the resources needed. One creative rich family who was disqualified even snuck out and bought stuff on the outside. They were indignant of course saying that they were just thinking outside the box. Life was significantly harder in the old days. Just look at lifespans.

  15. Re:Bedtime by Whibla · · Score: 2

    I'm not sure it's the role of a 'responsible adult' to conform, or to force others to conform, to a system that only suits a proportion of the population.

    If anything the role of a responsible adult would be to change the system, or at the very least allow changes to the system without having to be browbeaten into it, to ensure it suits everybody.

    It has long been known that there's a biological basis between groups' waking and sleeping times. Back in the dawn of time this would have been a good thing, as it would have provided round the clock security for your tribe. In the modern world it's similarly a boon as it enables shift workers to work at times that suit them - though I'm not sure we truly benefit from this as much as we could be.

    But, for some reason, when it comes to education we find people turning all authoritarian, saying "suck it up buttercup", and accusing those who genuinely find early morning lectures a struggle of being snowflakes. While I have found educational psychology to be fascinating I must confess I find ex-students' (i.e. most of us adults') attitudes towards education equally interesting. What stories do they tell about our experiences when we were students.

    For all that you mean well, respectfully, your advice is actually part of the problem, because you're not seeing the real problem. The problem for those 'people out of time' is the system, not themselves and those who, for whatever (likely mostly subconscious) reasons strive so hard against anyone changing that system. You're trying to fix the wrong thing!

  16. Re:Coddling. by jd · · Score: 3, Interesting

    We know that farming is highly inefficient on resources. An estimated 95% of people died from starvation or injury in the transition from the mesolithic to the neolithic, due to the fact that you have to work a lot harder with a much higher risk of getting nothing. That is why larger communities developed. Even though individuals and families had a low probability of surviving, a village had much better odds. It required a leader and distribution of what was produced, but it worked.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  17. Re:Coddling. by rsilvergun · · Score: 2

    Also false. Americans were richer in the 70s. Wealth isn't about big TVs, it's about stability Yes, I can buy a nice TV for $200. But a house is $300,000+ unless I want to live in a slum and drink lead. Health care and education costs have massively outpaced inflation. Food has shot up too in the last 10 years thanks to deregulating the commodities market. Real Buying power is down. Way down.

    --
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