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Yale Physicists Find Signs of a Time Crystal (yale.edu)

Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal, a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse, in a child's toy. The discovery means there are now new puzzles to solve, in terms of how time crystals form in the first place. Yale News reports: Ordinary crystals such as salt or quartz are examples of three-dimensional, ordered spatial crystals. Their atoms are arranged in a repeating system, something scientists have known for a century. Time crystals, first identified in 2016, are different. Their atoms spin periodically, first in one direction and then in another, as a pulsating force is used to flip them. That's the "ticking." In addition, the ticking in a time crystal is locked at a particular frequency, even when the pulse flips are imperfect.

Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) crystals are considered so easy to grow that they are sometimes included in crystal growing kits aimed at youngsters. It would be unusual to find a time crystal signature inside a MAP crystal, [Yale Physics professor Sean Barrett] explained, because time crystals were thought to form in crystals with more internal "disorder." The researchers used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to look for a DTC signature -- and quickly found it. Another unexpected thing happened, as well. "We realized that just finding the DTC signature didn't necessarily prove that the system had a quantum memory of how it came to be," said Yale graduate student Robert Blum, a co-author on the studies. "This spurred us to try a time crystal 'echo,' which revealed the hidden coherence, or quantum order, within the system," added Rovny, also a Yale graduate student and lead author of the studies.
The findings are described in a pair of studies, one in the journal Physical Review Letters and the other in the journal Physical Review B.

58 comments

  1. Time Cryatal? by rossdee · · Score: 4, Funny

    Call The Doctor

    1. Re:Time Cryatal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Doctor who?

    2. Re:Time Cryatal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Schlong cheese.

    3. Re:Time Cryatal? by ralphsiegler · · Score: 1

      Who's on first!

    4. Re: Time Cryatal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So all we need to do is connect the flux capacitor and were good right? Or am I missing something.

    5. Re:Time Cryatal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Find the 5 other crystals...

    6. Re:Time Cryatal? by rickb928 · · Score: 1

      I don't know...

      --
      deleting the extra space after periods so i can stay relevant, yeah.
  2. DTC by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    discrete time crystal

  3. Sure by rmdingler · · Score: 1
    Hmmm... that's Interesting.

    it's what we teach our techs to say at a customer's location when something goes awry, rather than "oh shit". It also fits when the conversational topic is above my pay grade.

    --
    Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

    Ernest Hemingway

  4. Timekeeping. by msauve · · Score: 1

    So, they're "locked at a particular frequency."

    How accurate is it? Is it better than atomic transitions (hydrogen maser, cesium or rubidium clock), or even as good as a quartz or ceramic oscillator?

    I scanned the links, with no obvious answer.

    It's interesting in and of itself, but that's the first practical application which comes to mind. Are there other applications I'm missing?

    --
    "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    1. Re:Timekeeping. by freeze128 · · Score: 1

      The only real-world application is for a metronome.

    2. Re:Timekeeping. by hey! · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I think you mean to ask how *precise* it is. The mentioned applications (atomic clocks, laser gyros) are all precision applications.

      Many practical applications would depend on being able to manufacture crystals that have a specific desired frequency,. For example quartz timepieces employ a quartz crystal that is machined by lasers or polishing to have a precise resonant frequency of 2^15 (32768) Hz, enabling one watch after another to keep precisely the same time. You just route the oscillator output through 15 frequency dividers and you get a 1 second signal to drive a stepper motor.

      But we're talking about is a more exotic process and it's not clear you could tweak time crystals that way.

      There's been recent work to develop chip-sized atomic clocks. These are more precise than quartz but could be use on battery-powered circuit boards. This kind of application would requiring mass producing time crystals with the same frequency, even if it wasn't a convenient one like 2^15.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    3. Re:Timekeeping. by msauve · · Score: 1

      No, I mean accurate. Cs is perfectly accurate, by definition (acceleration and temperature excepted for physical realizations), although H maser is more precise. Precision matters short term, accuracy long term.

      But, despite a lengthy attempt at being pedantic, you haven't even come close to answering the question. What's the intrinsic accuracy of (these) time crystals? Do separate ones differ? Temperature/pressure/humidity effects? Gravity orientation? Level of excitation? Aging? Retrace?

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    4. Re:Timekeeping. by slew · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The difference between an oscillator and a time crystal, is that an oscillator generally has a resonant spatial structure (usually a spatial crystal or atomic band-gaps) that captures energy (near a resonate frequency or harmonic) and converts it to work near a preferred oscillation frequency. Since the oscillation is actually physical transition with inefficiencies mean that there is a limited 'Q' factor

      A time crystal on the other hand is an emergent temporal sub-harmonic structure. Since a time crystal does not require a spatial structure to convert energy into work there is the potentiality for them to have a much better 'Q' factors.

      The interesting thing about time crystals is that locally they break time-symmetry like spatial crystals break local spatial symmetry.

      Spatial crystals break local spatial symmetry so spatial interactions (translational or rotational) between particles and stable spatial crystals can change momentum of the particles in stable ways because of conservation of momentum (which is basically of how typical electronic oscillators work) being an emergent property of spatial symmetry (Noether's theorem)

      Time crystals break local temporal symmetry so temporal interactions between particles and stable time crystals can directly change the energy of the particles in stable ways because of conservation of energy being an emergent property of temporal symmetry.

    5. Re:Timekeeping. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >There's been recent work to develop chip-sized atomic clocks. These are more precise than quartz but could be use on battery-powered circuit boards.
      You know you can buy those today, right?

    6. Re:Timekeeping. by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      Many practical applications would depend on being able to manufacture crystals that have a specific desired frequency

      Not really. Once you have a precise base frequency, you can fairly easily generate other frequencies that are just as precise. The reason that watches use 32kHz is mostly tradition, a leftover relic from the days that semiconductors were still hard to make.

    7. Re:Timekeeping. by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      Best I can find is a part that consumes 120mW by itself, without the support circuitry. Very cool, but not exactly low power enough to replace quartz.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    8. Re:Timekeeping. by hey! · · Score: 0

      Yes, I was pedantic, because your question is broken if you don't understand the difference between accurate and precise, which you clearly don't.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    9. Re:Timekeeping. by hey! · · Score: 1

      Sure, you're correct nowt that circuitry is cheap. But really what you need is something precise and repeatably manufacturable..

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    10. Re:Timekeeping. by msauve · · Score: 1

      Quite the opposite, fool.

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    11. Re:Timekeeping. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There's been recent work to develop chip-sized atomic clocks. These are more precise than quartz but could be use on battery-powered circuit boards. This kind of application would requiring mass producing time crystals with the same frequency, even if it wasn't a convenient one like 2^15.

      Aren't chip-scale clocks based on MEMS? That's an entirely different ball game in terms of what frequencies of harmonics you can produce, and the mechanism.

      BUT. Be careful doing any kind of research work there. If you make an advance that is not sponsored by a DOD Agency contract, then the FBI might come pay you a visit if you disseminate your findings. And you can't spell 'fib' without F, B, and I. They'll confiscate your notes, computers, backups, and lots of 'accidental' over-reaching to seize numerous items in addition to your discoveries. They will keep them, in a locker and after imaging the drives, which effectively prevents innovation from reaching products by burying ideas that don't fit current DOD goals or funding priorities -- or maybe they'd prefer it come from one of 'their' currently-funded researchers (speculation here).

      Atomic clocks -- critical for GPS + other hi-tech arms -- are a sensitive topic for them. Be careful. Again, You can be raided for simply trying to disseminate your work. It destroys careers, but the FBI was conceived as a political tool (see Wiki) -- or at least has been involved in frame-ups and fomenting violence in peaceful activist groups, among other things -- at the whim of the Administration at the time (R vs. D President). FOIA request results and declassified documents from many people show this clearly, even though everyone knows anyways.

      They will then sift through seized computers, index everything, but keep them. And in effectively any case of this, it is easy for them, or anyone really, to later find something that looks damning. Taking bits out of context, removing the indicators of sarcasm preceding sentences, is a favorite technique. Have you ever lent your computer for a moment to someone? Is it always physically secure?

      Seized stuff. They hold on to it forever -- all of it -- for 'just in case' or whatever BS reason. Computers, notes, data, and all else. Even HDs with nothing related to the work (say, an HD for Family Photos) will be kept. It is a career-killer because it leaves the victim scientist without their notes, proof of invention. (OK, AIA weakens Patents in this respect), but there is still Trade Secrets Law, and laws governing certain sensitive information -- that apply even if the scientist has no clue that some SECRET DOD program is pursuing the same thing, or if their is no Patent (they're publicly published) to be applied for because they want to keep something secret -- unbeknownst to the researcher who independently came up with the thing -- or if someone wants to take credit for the other person(s)' innovation all for themselves. Yes, it does happen. I know of instances.

      It's stupid and impedes US innovation. It exploits individuals that are the creative engines that drive science & engineering R&D. But, we in the USA live under a semi-Socialized Representative Republic. That means an individual innovator's career and livelihood can be sacrificed for the 'good of the country' after they invent or discover something that the FBI's masters want. Rewarding broad-reaching innovation would be preferable to the FBI's tendency to destroy people.

      Maybe they only destroy innovators who have been Federal Whistle Blowers; Retaliation through a third party. But how would they know. . . ? /RantOff

    12. Re:Timekeeping. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      that post made me feel like I just watched a star trek voyage episode.

    13. Re:Timekeeping. by Sir+Holo · · Score: 1

      Great whitepaper!

      Do DTCs break time symmetry because of their local (in time) -based oscillations that are not atomic, but rather sub-atomic?

      Why do we have a constant velocity along the time axis in this universe (under non-relativistic conditions)?

      Maybe we oscillate between Big Bangs and Big Crunches over the billions off years... Oh yeah, there is no time before the Big Bang, which started the clock. Bah! I'll stick to crystals.

    14. Re:Timekeeping. by lgw · · Score: 1

      The point is: do they all have the same frequency, without precision manufacturing? If so, "same" to how many significant digits?

      I've always been amused by the fact that cesium clocks are exact (by definition), yet the underlying mechanism is random. I guess the variance is far below what anyone would ever care about.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    15. Re: Timekeeping. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hi Ivan!

    16. Re:Timekeeping. by slew · · Score: 1

      Do DTCs break time symmetry because of their local (in time) -based oscillations that are not atomic, but rather sub-atomic?

      *Crystals* break local symmetries. It has nothing to do with atomic vs sub-atomic. Normally the laws of physics don't respect a specific orientation, or phase, but in a crystal, for some reason a system can be in a state that prefers a particular set of orientations or phases, that is what we call a crystal.

      Why do we have a constant velocity along the time axis in this universe (under non-relativistic conditions)?

      If you want to be pedantic, dt/dt (the change in the rate of time over the change in the rate of time) is always constant. "We" only assume that other observers see our time the same as "we" do. It turns out not to be the case (even in non-relativistic conditions), everyone's view of time is different because there is no preferred reference frame to measure it.

      Maybe we oscillate between Big Bangs and Big Crunches over the billions off years... Oh yeah, there is no time before the Big Bang, which started the clock. Bah! I'll stick to crystals.

      We clearly do not have enough understanding of physics to decide this question, but if you believe in the so called lambda-CDM model of the universe, by definition physics can't describe a time "before" the big bang. If, however, I had to hazard a guess, I'd say lambda-CDM model isn't going to last very long. There are already significant discrepancies and ongoing observation surveys that are looking for dark matter and dark energy signatures are likely to find interesting data that will require new updated models... Stay tuned...

  5. Dilithium by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    In Star Trek, dilithium crystals were in fact ordinary quartz, but with a four-dimensional crystaline structure.

    Once again, reality is stranger than fiction.

    1. Re:Dilithium by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 0

      This is a story about a man named Harold Crick.
      And his wristwatch.

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
  6. About "time" by slew · · Score: 2

    Apparently, slashdot posted a few submissions last year where
    Harvard and University of Maryland managed to do this as well as Princeton.

    I suppose Yale was destined to get around to this eventually, I suppose they just needed more time...

    1. Re:About "time" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I see what you did there.

    2. Re:About "time" by thegarbz · · Score: 0

      I suppose Yale was destined to get around to this eventually, I suppose they just needed more time...

      Or maybe they got to it first. Now that time crystals are a thing, how can we be certain. Personally I blame Obama. This never would have happened if Romney won the election. Thank god we only have another year of him, and it's not like Obama will win a second term.

    3. Re:About "time" by aix+tom · · Score: 1

      Well, I for one look forward to the second campaign between Sasha and Craig. I wonder how they propose to solve the Switzerland issue.

    4. Re: About "time" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If they only time crystals allowed for that.

  7. Turns out... by The+Evil+Atheist · · Score: 1

    Turns out it was right next to the Time Cube.

    --
    Those who do not learn from commit history are doomed to regress it.
    1. Re:Turns out... by Mr0bvious · · Score: 1

      Everyone knows that Time Cubes are full of Time Crystals, have you not cracked one open to see?

      --
      Never happened. True story.
  8. Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    We realized that just finding the DTC signature didn't necessarily prove that the system had a quantum memory of how it came to be

    What the actual goddamned fucking hell is that supposed to mean?!

    Some hippy crystal shit right there. Like, the universe remembers, man.

    Quantum physics still makes no sense, I could barely find one sentence in that summary I even understood, and it still makes no sense.

    Is this shit actually science or is it gibberish like string theory?

    1. Re:Huh? by scottrocket · · Score: 1

      "What the actual goddamned fucking hell is that supposed to mean?! Some hippy crystal shit right there. Like, the universe remembers, man."

      It means like, anything you want it to, man.

    2. Re: Huh? by donstenk · · Score: 1

      And all of that in a childs toy!

      The summary does not make sense either.

      --
      Dennis Onstenk
    3. Re:Huh? by Z80a · · Score: 1

      Don't worry, everything will make sense when they make a cube out of it.
      A time cube if you will.

  9. Resonance Cascade by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    The chances of a resonance cascade scenario are highly unlikely. They assured the administrator that nothing would go wrong...

  10. C'mon! by ma1wrbu5tr · · Score: 1

    My 1980 quartz crystal watch...

    --
    Why can't we go back to using jumpers to configure slot adapter cards? Why? I say!
  11. Yes, it's called quartz ;) by brainchill · · Score: 1

    Yes, it's called quartz, you apply a current, it "ticks" in a very precise interval .... OMG.

    1. Re:Yes, it's called quartz ;) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Quartz ticks in space. Not time.

      This stuff ticks in (quantum) time...

    2. Re: Yes, it's called quartz ;) by Brockmire · · Score: 2

      Then this should be quantz.

  12. Time travel by WaffleMonster · · Score: 1

    What would happen if someone placed time crystals in a Ocarina and blew on it?

    1. Re:Time travel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      John B. Titor would be summoned from a dystopian future to save us from globalists.

  13. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  14. And usable with quantum entanglement? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If these things change spin then all we need to do to get faster than light communication is to find out how to get a pair of quantum entangled time crystals.

  15. Boon for toy makers! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Now the kits can say "Grow Your Own TIME Crystals"

  16. My Name is Crystal favorite color clear by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    My Name is Crystal and myfavorite color is clear, like my mind:)

  17. I think Carl Sagan's apprentice said by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The universe is under no obligation to make any sense to you.

    1. Re: I think Carl Sagan's apprentice said by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I get the "just because YOU don't understand it doesn't suddenly make it wrong", but to a person that doesn't have the capacity to understand, you're basically asking the same of them when religion says to have "faith".

  18. I'm disappointed... by ScottDB · · Score: 1

    When I read that title, I thought they found some kind of time-traveling crystal. Oh well... back to the future I suppose...

  19. Do I have to re-read that? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Having a hard time believing that Syd Barrett found a Time Crystal ticking in a child's toy... When did they re-unite?
    All the years I knew the press was hiding something from us.