Slashdot Mirror


NASA Supports SpaceX Plan To Fuel Rockets With Astronauts On Board (engadget.com)

For years, NASA has been debating whether to allow SpaceX to fuel its spacecraft with super-cold propellant after astronauts have boarded. While the company typically fuels its rockets shortly before launch in order to prevent the coolant from warming up too much, the practice has been deemed "a potential safety risk" by NASA safety advisers due to the high risk of an explosion. Now, according to Engadget, NASA has "decided that it will move forward with the SpaceX plan to fuel rockets after astronauts have already boarded." From the report: "To make this decision, our teams conducted an extensive review of the SpaceX ground operations, launch vehicle design, escape systems and operational history," Kathy Lueders, manager of NASA's Commercial Crew Program, said in a statement. "Safety for our personnel was the driver for this analysis, and the team's assessment was that this plan presents the least risk." SpaceX will have to prove its system is safe, however. The company will have to demonstrate the fueling procedure five times prior to its first crewed flight and afterwards, NASA will assess any remaining risk before certifying SpaceX's system. In September 2016, a Falcon 9 rocket exploded on the launchpad while it was being loaded with propellant. No injuries were reported, but it didn't look good to NASA which was already reviewing the fueling procedure.

165 comments

  1. Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Challenger proved that cost savings are important, it is time the "private" industry learn the lesson too.

    1. Re:Good by ls671 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Sorry but to be fair, some "private" industry engineers had warned of what might happen prior to the launch but NASA pressured them to give the go ahead anyway, even excluding those "private" industry engineers from the talks regarding the go/no-go decision..

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      --
      Everything I write is lies, read between the lines.
    2. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am sorrier, but your link says the "private" company management did give NASA a go.

      The Morton-Thiokol managers asked for a few minutes off the phone to discuss their final position again. The management team held a meeting from which the engineering team, including Roger Boisjoly and others, such as Bob Ebeling, were deliberately excluded. The Morton Thiokol managers decided to advise NASA that their data was inconclusive. NASA asked if there were objections. Hearing none, NASA decided to launch the ill-fated STS-51-L Challenger mission.

    3. Re: Good by ls671 · · Score: 2

      Reading comprehension problem maybe?

      Re-read what I wrote and re-read the linked page entirely and make sure that you understand everything.

      Thank you,

      --
      Everything I write is lies, read between the lines.
    4. Re:Good by SharpFang · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Is it safer to do a whole lot of manipulation (as required with the boarding procedure, climbing the launch tower, sealing the hatch etc) around a rocket that is already filled with potentially explosive material, and might blow up at any point consuming in a ball of fire anything within the area that can't get away fast enough?

      Or would it be safer to enter the capsule while the rocket is just an inert tube, buckle up, and wait till the rocket is filled up, sitting comfortably in a hermetic capsule equipped with a launch escape system - capable of getting away from the explosion fast enough to be safe?

      Paradoxically, before the launch, the crew compartment is the safest of all places near the rocket.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    5. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


      Reading comprehension problem maybe?

      Yes, apparently you have it.

    6. Re: Good by rkordmaa · · Score: 4, Insightful

      LES would have gotten away from AMOS-6 type scenario, that's pretty well determined. Sitting on the ground is when it's easiest for LES to get away from the exploding rocket, if LES can't get away from a fueling explosion one would have to ask, what's the point of LES to begin with? Because it sure as hell wouldn't get away from the rocket under acceleration.

    7. Re: Good by SharpFang · · Score: 2

      Here's a video of Soyuz using its LES. It definitely saved the crew.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    8. Re:Good by fisted · · Score: 1

      I'm not entirely sure whether astronauts are actually less costly than regular fuel. Maybe they're using those who wouldn't have flown anyway?

    9. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Fixed link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyFF4cpMVag

    10. Re:Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      | hermetic capsule equipped with a launch escape system

      You must work at NASA. The LES is not meant to be a primary safety system or a replacement for safe procedures. The LES is a backup in case something goes wrong.

      | sitting comfortably

      Comfort generally isn't a concern of safety. After fueling, the rocket is once again inert. The propellants aren't pre-mixed. The reason for wanting this is obvious. Less insulation is required if you fuel right before launch and there is less loss of propellant due to heating from less insulation.

    11. Re:Good by TheDarkMaster · · Score: 1

      Good question. In my opinion the logic suggests that first placing the astronauts in the capsule and then fueling would be safer because in the event of an accident the astronauts would already be inside a system capable of moving away from the explosion (the capsule). While if you fueled the rocket first and then put the astronauts, in the event of an explosion the astronauts (and the ground crew assisting them) would still be in the tower and would be caught in the blast without being able to escape.

      --
      Religion: The greatest weapon of mass destruction of all time
    12. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You fail at internet.

    13. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The fuel loading process is the dangerous part, Einstein. Once the fuel is quietly sitting in the tank it is safer.

    14. Re:Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      > After fueling, the rocket is once again inert.

      After fueling, the rocket is supposed to be again inert. Leaks, short circuits, construction bending under strain, oxygen corroding stuff, static charge accumulating, ice buildup, these things can cause problems even on an "inert" rocket.

      Of course LES is not meant as replacement for safe procedures, but having the secondary safety feature accessible and ready to use throughout all operations is preferable to just relying on nothing going wrong during boarding. I'd call it a very valid part of safety procedures.

      And they really, really don't need to squeeze these extra few kilograms of oxidizer at the last second for manned launches. What are they gonna load up into the saved space? Several extra cans of food? An extra astronaut? Extra fuel to reboost ISS into an even higher orbit? Launches to ISS are as routine as they get. They follow a fixed schedule, if there's need for extra payload, it can be squeezed into a cargo mission, there's very little benefit from increasing the payload capacity of a manned launch above nominal, and liquid oxygen is cheap enough it would be outright stupid to try to save off on the hour or so of boil-off.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    15. Re:Good by MachineShedFred · · Score: 1

      So "fueling mishap causing rapid unplanned disassembly of the launch vehicle" doesn't qualify as "something goes wrong" ?

      --
      Slashdot still doesnâ(TM)t support Unicode after it was added to the HTML standard in 1997.
    16. Re:Good by bobbied · · Score: 2

      Actually the volume of propellants is significantly reduced when they are cooled, on the order of 10% or better. Where this adds weight for propellant, it lessens the vehicle's weight because it can be built smaller and lighter. It may not sound like much, but adding 10% more fuel can mean quite a bit of payload increase to orbit.

      The question is if this increase in fuel capacity is worth the added risk? I don't know, that's what the rocket scientists are discussing.

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    17. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Amos-6 was not a fueling incident. Previous point still stands.

      Previous falcon fueling caused instant explosion, no escape system can protect you from that short of an orion style pusher plate system which is not practical.

    18. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just because a LES canbe useful in some failure modes doe not mean it is useful for this problem.

    19. Re: Good by SharpFang · · Score: 2

      Why wouldn't it be? Critical failure of rocket on launchpad, endangering the astronaut lives. This is the primary job of the LES.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    20. Re:Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      > it lessens the vehicle's weight because it can be built smaller and lighter. ...which would be an issue in pretty much any other case, except SpaceX launchers are reusable, so the extra cost is insignificant.

      As for payload to orbit, once again, we're talking manned launches. The launcher in current form, fueled before boarding, is perfectly capable of fulfilling the payload requirements for that type of missions. There's simply no need for that extra payload capacity. It would be worthwhile for cargo launches, but with these the entire boarding issue doesn't exist.

      The volume of propellant is reduced when supercooled, yes, but even if the capsule is boarded after fueling the rocket up, the propellant doesn't heat up to boiling point, or anywhere close. You're losing maybe 2% of volume, not the entire 10%.

      Due to tyranny of rocket equation, increasing fuel capacity by 10% does not increase payload capacity by 10%.

      As for added risk: once again, while the risk of an emergency situation occurring with astronauts in danger radius is increased, the risk of astronaut death in case such occurs is actually reduced, as at no point are they in position where they wouldn't be able to escape. Since the moment fueling starts, nobody has to approach the rocket anymore, and the astronauts can activate LES at any time. This is not the case if they need to board a fully fueled rocket.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    21. Re: Good by SharpFang · · Score: 2

      It's safer. Is it entirely safe? And in case something *does* go wrong, while the astronauts are on the launchpad, preparing for boarding, or on the lift, are they safer than inside the capsule?

      The difference is "higher chance of accident with a low chance of death" vs "low chance of absolutely deadly accident."

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    22. Re:Good by Megane · · Score: 1

      Maybe they're going to use high-test astronauts?

      --
      #naabhaprzrag, #sverubfr-000, #agi-fcbafberq, negvpyr[pynff*=' negvpyr-ary-'] { qvfcynl: abar !vzcbegnag; }
    23. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If the explosion is strong enough to destroy the capsule, any escape rocket would need to be strong enough to destroy the capsule.

    24. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The fuel loading process is the dangerous part, Einstein.

      The rocket is in a dangerous state any time it has fuel aboard. Yes it is more dangerous while being fuelled, but the danger does not go away once fuel is on board.

      You do not want astronauts climbing up to thee capsule and ground crews milling around a fuelled rocket. You want ground crew far away or in a bunker, and the flight crew inside the capsule with a LES ready to propel them away from an exploding rocket.

    25. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Uhh, it's pretty freaking clear from the link ls671 provided:

      During the go/no-go telephone conference with NASA management the night before the launch, Morton-Thiokol officially notified NASA of their recommendation to postpone. NASA officials strongly questioned the recommendations, and asked (some say pressured) Morton-Thiokol to reverse their decision.

      Emphasis mine.

    26. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      That's not the story that was given.

      "When asked, on Twitter, if the capsule would have survived had the escape system activated, Musk replied: “yes [sic]. This seems instant from a human perspective, but it really a fast fire, not an explosion. Dragon would have been fine.”"

      Source: http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/nasa-may-be-warming-to-the-idea-of-spacexs-load-and-go-fueling-procedure/

    27. Re:Good by bobbied · · Score: 1

      I've got to disagree. Weight is a major issue and if you can get 5% more payload at the same vehicle hardware weight, you will be money ahead in the commercial realm and have extra performance margins all around. Extra performance margin usually means a safer more fault tolerant system which is a huge advantage for manned flights. It also means you can add weight to the vehicle to make it safer, carry more stores or even an extra seat or two. Having weight margin can be a very good thing.

      Now, I'm not arguing that it's necessarily a good idea to fuel the rocket after the people are on board, I'm only saying there are benefits to Space-X's approach to go with the added risks. It's up to the rocket scientists to figure out if the risks can be managed in a way that makes it worth it. Personally, I don't know if they are or not and I figure our two opinions do not matter.

      BTW, the 10% number is something I pulled out of thin air for illustrative purposes. I have no idea if the number is 1% or 30% or more only that it's not insignificant or Space-X wouldn't bother with it. If you get a chance, I'd love to know what the actual numbers are, I just don't have time to look them up myself.

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    28. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sounds like a vast oversimplification. Consider this: there have been a number of incidents where police dealt with an unstable person brandishing a gun by having a police sniper shoot the gun out of their hands. In those incidents, you typically hear that there were minor injuries from gun fragments. Meaning that the bullet broke the gun. So, if a bullet can break a gun then, by your logic, firing a gun should break it.

      Or, how about this one, if an airbag acts fast enough in an accident then the airbag must be just as dangerous as the crash (admittedly, this is sometimes true).

      The reality of the situation involves a lot of factors. One of them has to do with the fact that rockets are big. The capsule will probably be quite a long way from wherever the explosion starts. Presumably the safety system automatically launches the capsule if it detects an explosion. Thereâ(TM)s a big difference between a gradual (if very rapid) acceleration and a shockwave. Not to mention avoiding shrapnel and all that heat.

    29. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Has anyone ever considered just putting the rocket inside an insulating shell pre-launch? Make it part of the launch tower and open it up for the launch. Sure, it wonâ(TM)t help between internal tanks in the rocket, but wouldnâ(TM)t it be nice if the tanks didnâ(TM)t have to be covered in foam? Heck, wouldnâ(TM)t it be nice if ice could be prevented from forming on the tanks? Keeping it sealed up in insulation right up to launch would help with that.

    30. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're wrong on both counts.

      The Amos-6 explosion was a result of the fueling procedures and a (then) little-known effect of liquid oxygen getting into the carbon fiber of the helium COPV then crystallizing (freezing).

      Also, comparison against the results of earlier ground-based tests of the Falcon LES show that it would have propelled the vehicle well clear of the fireball.

    31. Re:Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      Most of Dragon cargo launches don't reach full payload capacity, being limited by volume more than mass. With manned launch there will be much more empty space added. That means they absolutely don't need the extra delta-V.

      The primary benefit to SpaceX fueling immediately before launch is that they do it before every cargo launch nowadays, and they have at least two launches per month. They have all the systems and engines calibrated for supercooled propellants, and everything is running smoothly. The last thing they want is change the process when they are launching humans to orbit.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    32. Re: Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      Can you link to that "previous falcon fueling" accident you refer to?

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    33. Re: Good by JohnnyBGod · · Score: 2

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

      LES would have worked, though.

    34. Re: Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      That one is the infamous Amos-6. I believe GP referred to some prior unspecified event. Amos was not an instant explosion; it was a rapid fire, and indeed LES would save the day.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    35. Re:Good by AlwinBarni · · Score: 1

      Sorry but to be fair, some "private" industry engineers had warned of what might happen prior to the launch but NASA pressured them to give the go ahead anyway, even excluding those "private" industry engineers from the talks regarding the go/no-go decision..

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      Exactly, not to mention that Shuttles (as marvelous as they were):
      - had no escape system whatsoever, whilst all the capsules do - such a system would have saved Challenger crew
      - had exposed all its heat shield during launch, whilst all the capsules do not, so the event as with Columbia, when an isolation foam hit its heat shield on the wing is not possible with capsules like the ones being developed (Orion, CST-100 and Dragon2)

    36. Re:Good by AlwinBarni · · Score: 1

      Sorry but to be fair, some "private" industry engineers had warned of what might happen prior to the launch but NASA pressured them to give the go ahead anyway, even excluding those "private" industry engineers from the talks regarding the go/no-go decision..

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      Forgotten to mention that such a procedure is only slightly less safe for the crew, whilst being much, much safer for the ground support team.

    37. Re:Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Escape system.... yeah...

    38. Re: Good by Immerman · · Score: 1

      I don't know that they have, but a couple considerations that occur to me:

      - How do you get the foam off during launch? It has to be skin tight, at least at the ends, or it'll just act as a big chimney creating a draft that accelerates the warming. And if any of it gets snagged on the rocket, it'll introduce aerodynamic instabilities

      - As the rocket takes off, that whole tower of foam will be melted, incinerated and/or blown apart by the rocket plume, which could create serious hazards and cleanup efforts (the fumes from burning foam are generally quite toxic, unlike those from kerosene or methane (aka rocket fuel) )

      - Building a 23-storey hollow foam tower is a serious engineering challenge in its own right, and it's likely to get quite expensive to build a new one for every launch.

      - It wouldn't have helped keep ice from forming on the tanks - the tanks are *inside* the rocket, and the ice is formed from liquid/vapor that is likewise inside the rocket - nothing outside the rocket will help with that.

      Finally, to mangle an old saying about fishing nets - foam insulation is a bunch of holes glued together with plastic - it's not exactly super heavy stuff to begin with, and can even be made lighter than air while maintaining impressive strength (as in the case of many aerogels). It's primary job is to thoroughly prevent air circulation, and it need only be strong enough to support its own mass against the stresses of launch.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    39. Re: Good by JohnnyBGod · · Score: 1

      Doh, I can't read. Well, the only other one was CRS-7 and that took even longer, so I really don't know what the AC was on about, then.

    40. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Amos was not an instant explosion; it was a rapid fire

      hey nigg3r, that's literally the same thing

    41. Re: Good by careysub · · Score: 1

      ... there have been a number of incidents where police dealt with an unstable person brandishing a gun by having a police sniper shoot the gun out of their hands. In those incidents, you typically hear that there were minor injuries from gun fragments. Meaning that the bullet broke the gun.

      Any links to such an actual incident?

      In sounds plausible, but I have never run across such an incident that I recall. But I question very much that they report that there are "minor injuries from gun fragments". I would believe minor injuries from bullet fragments however.

      --
      Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
    42. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      GP was obviously saying to put the whole rocket into a big top loading chest fridge and launch it from inside there. Basically, build a wall around the perimeter of the launch area dump some liquid N2 in and let that cool the whole rocket off. In short, change the local weather system to about -40* to 1* C or so. Throw a dehumidifier step in and you are set.

      Seems plausible, but I wonder if icing becomes an issue, or the somewhat greater, and sudden thermal expansion. Worth a test or two I'd guess though.

    43. Re:Good by LifesABeach · · Score: 1

      My thinking is that if the passengers and crew can get to safety, go for it. But lets ask Gus Grissom and Dick Scobee what they think about it?

    44. Re:Good by LifesABeach · · Score: 1

      I think when reusable launch vehicles are taking folks up on the first leg of the flight, reusable might be a good thing. But I believe that when Anti-Gravity generators are invented, folks will become frustrated at not being able to scrap engine driven vehicles fast enough.

    45. Re:Good by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      Consider also the possible added risk of diverging procedures. If the vast majority of launches use the last minute loading of super-cooled fuel, changing that procedure for the occasional manned launches introduces less-tested situations to the launch process. It's not impossible that a component could fail from being fueled an hour early and at warmer temps that doesn't fail in the super-cooled scenarios.

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    46. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sitting on the ground is when it's easiest for LES to get away from the exploding rocket, if LES can't get away from a fueling explosion one would have to ask, what's the point of LES to begin with? Because it sure as hell wouldn't get away from the rocket under acceleration.

      This matters less than you might think. When a rocket is on the ground, the LES just has to overcome gravity, which is 1g. When the rocket is under acceleration, the LES has to out-accelerate the rocket - which, for a Falcon 9 at launch, is ~1.2g. An LES reaches ~15g, so the difference between 1g and 1.2g isn't all that important.

    47. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I remember one from years ago. The guy was sitting on a park bench with a gun during a standoff and a police sniper shot the gun out of his hands. The article I read on it definitely said gun fragments, although it is possible that they had incorrect information. I canâ(TM)t find a reference though. I know it was years ago for that one, and I know Iâ(TM)ve heard of other incidents. None very recent though. Police do seem to tend to be getting much more likely to just shoot the person directly.

    48. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Under that definition, anything that does not detonate is not an explosion. This would include most fuel/air and thermobaric weapons.

    49. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Amos-6 went from nothing to an explosion, with shrapnel, directly under the payload. There's no chance of an escape system avoiding this. The best you can hope for is that shrapnel doesn't damage anything important and you don't need to remain sitting on the burning rocket until it loses structural integrity and you fall into the fire like atmos-6. But you'd need to react in 3 secs or you'll be pointing in the wrong direction for it to have any hope.

    50. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The LES must react and clear the area prior to the danger being able to hurt the crew. Even at 15g you're not out running shrapnel from an explosion directly under the payload.

    51. Re: Good by c6gunner · · Score: 1

      Amos-6 went from nothing to an explosion, with shrapnel, directly under the payload.

      There isn't much in the way of shrapnel to worry about. The majority of the force of the explosion is going sideways, and taking most of the rocket fragments with it. The bit of "shrapnel" being directed upwards is likely just large chunks of the end-cap of the stage, and they're being pushed at relatively low speeds compared to shrapnel propelled by an actual explosive.

      But you'd need to react in 3 secs or you'll be pointing in the wrong direction for it to have any hope.

      Any decent automated escape system would be able to react in a fraction of a second. Even if you were silly enough to leave it up to a human, a well trained pilot would react in a second or so.

      Also escape systems don't care much about what direction you're pointed in; even ejection seats in fighter jets have automatic systems to detect orientation and steer the seat in the desired direction. As long as you're not inverted and very low to the ground, you'll be OK. There's a great video online of a Canadian F-18 pilot ejecting from an aircraft which was on the ground but had begun to tip over; he ejects sideways but the seat quickly turns and rockets upwards. (Amusingly enough, the force of the ejection also pushes the F-18 sideways and stops it from tipping. The "dashcam" video shows the plane rolling to a perfect stop as the pilot thunders down onto the ground in front of it.)

    52. Re:Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mmm, no, the rocket equation says you can't go 10% faster, or 10% higher. But you can launch 10% more into the same orbit. That's the one part that is actually proportional.

      Adding 10% fuel actually increases payload by more than 10%, because you're adding 10% of (payload mass + empty final stage mass) -- the final stage ends up in orbit, but it stays the same as you add more payload mass. The empty Falcon 9 stage 2 is several tonnes -- somewhere between 25% and 50% of payload to LEO -- which makes that pretty significant.

      (This is intuitively obvious if you imagine taking a full Falcon 9 and loading a 1% size payload, and then loading 1% of the fuel -- it wouldn't get off the ground, or at least not far off. You have to first reserve the fuel needed to put the Falcon 9 stage 2 itself in orbit, then reduce the remaining fuel proportionately. If you go the other direction, loading more fuel and payload, you get better efficiency. It's like using the smallest truck you possibly can to transport your load, you spend less of your fuel moving the truck itself, and you get better fuel economy... as long as the truck is still able to make it up any hills, of course.)

    53. Re:Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      On the flip side...

      Take a rocket that is loaded with so much payload and fuel it has TWR of exactly 1 on launchpad. It must burn some fuel to actually start climbing. Now keep adding more fuel instead. It won't take off until all that extra fuel is burnt and its TWR climbs above 1. And it will still burn lots and lots of fuel before it gets up to any reasonable speed.

      Adding 10% fuel, and 10% thrust, plus 10% infrastructural overhead, will give you 10% more payload. Adding just fuel, not changing thrust nor infrastructure, from a certain point on, has rapidly diminishing returns. And all launches operate well on the "diminishing returns" side of the curve, following the adage 'fuel is cheap, engines are expensive'.

      For your truck analogy, adding 10% of payload to climb a hill requires extra fuel. But that extra fuel needs to be carried uphill as it's spent as well, adding to total mass - and requiring even more fuel. And add to that that the truck's wheels are constantly slipping.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    54. Re: Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      I wonder what sort of shrapnel can penetrate the heatshield...

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    55. Re: Good by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      I don't talk your ghetto slang, and I differentiate between combustion, deflagration and detonation.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    56. Re: Good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      - How do you get the foam off during launch? It has to be skin tight, at least at the ends, or it'll just act as a big chimney creating a draft that accelerates the warming. And if any of it gets snagged on the rocket, it'll introduce aerodynamic instabilities

      It's an insulating shell, it doesn't need to be made out of foam. It would presumably have an internal skin that could be metal, rubber, plastic, inflatables, etc. It would have a rigid structure and internal insulation that could be regular foam, or aerogels, or vacuum cells, etc. It would have seals at various points along the structure, especially the top and bottom to prevent air flowing through.

      - As the rocket takes off, that whole tower of foam will be melted, incinerated and/or blown apart by the rocket plume, which could create serious hazards and cleanup efforts (the fumes from burning foam are generally quite toxic, unlike those from kerosene or methane (aka rocket fuel) )

      Once again, I never said foam, although it's possible that the interior of the shell could have foam insulation. There are plenty of materials that can take the heat. The launch tower manages to survive, doesn't it? Whatever skin it has protects the inside and, if it's metallic vacuum cells, or aerogel, it can take the heat anyway.

      Also, I'm talking about a shell that you open up right before launch. Think two large sections joined to the launch tower that would swing wide to be held far away from the craft at the right time. The sections could clear the rocket exhaust by a wide margin.

      - Building a 23-storey hollow foam tower is a serious engineering challenge in its own right, and it's likely to get quite expensive to build a new one for every launch.

      Why is it hollow, and why do you have to build a new one for every launch? I never said either of those things. Obviously it has a structure to keep it in shape

      - It wouldn't have helped keep ice from forming on the tanks - the tanks are *inside* the rocket, and the ice is formed from liquid/vapor that is likewise inside the rocket - nothing outside the rocket will help with that.

      This has nothing to do with ice forming on the inside of the tanks. I'm talking about ice forming outside the tanks on the sides of the rocket. Ice that can break off from the rocket during launch and damage things. The point is to eliminate that, as well as insulation that's part of the rocket, since that can also break off and damage things. It seems like you missed this, but I'm basically referencing what happened during an infamous shuttle launch and speculating on ways to shed weight and risk factors while allowing for significantly more insulation so the rocket can sit longer while fully fuelled.

      Finally, to mangle an old saying about fishing nets - foam insulation is a bunch of holes glued together with plastic - it's not exactly super heavy stuff to begin with, and can even be made lighter than air while maintaining impressive strength (as in the case of many aerogels). It's primary job is to thoroughly prevent air circulation, and it need only be strong enough to support its own mass against the stresses of launch.

      You don't see many lighter than air foams. Maybe if they're filled with hydrogen or helium instead of regular air. Either way, they still have weight. Last I checked, every last kilogram added incurs a pretty hefty cost. Also, it's pretty obvious that foam frequently does not support its own mass against the stresses of launch. Otherwise we'd have fewer needlessly dead astronauts and an additional impressive museum piece to display somewhere. Also, when you can only afford thin insulation on your spacecraft, maybe your primary interest is preventing convection, but isn't it nice when you can block heat conduction and radiation as much as possible as well? If you can make the insulation ten times thicker and actually reduce weight, then you have an advantage.

    57. Re: Good by nasch · · Score: 1

      Any links to such an actual incident?

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?... I remember videos of a couple of other such incidents but I can only find that one at the moment.

    58. Re:Good by AlwinBarni · · Score: 1

      Agree, not to mention quantum wave teleporters (aka improbability drive) ;-)

    59. Re:Good by eric_harris_76 · · Score: 1

      Challenger proved that cost savings are important, it is time the "private" industry learn the lesson too.

      Isn't that the one where the private sector engineers recommended against a launch, but the government agency went ahead?

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report#Flawed_launch_decision

      --
      There's no time like the present. Well, the past used to be.
    60. Re:Good by LifesABeach · · Score: 1

      I concede, the irony is that we do have a leader that fits the bill with a team of loyal jackasses.

  2. Wouldn't want another Apollo 1 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Though that one was unfueled.

    1. Re:Wouldn't want another Apollo 1 by SharpFang · · Score: 2

      Since Apollo, all manned vehicles use atmosphere-like mix at 1bar. Apollo used pure oxygen at about 0.3 bar, which was sufficient for breathing but made everything extremely flammable. (although EVA suits are still pressurized to 0.3 bar with pure oxygen - thankfully the chance for a fire inside a spacesuit is rather low.)

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    2. Re: Wouldn't want another Apollo 1 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What you are saying is a bit off. At the same partial pressure as it is found in the atmosphere (a bit less than .3 bar, but I am assuming you are rounding up) a pure oxygen atmosphere will not be any more flammable than the regular atmosphere. The problem they had in the famous incident was that the atmosphere was both pure oxygen and overpressurized. It was literally insane for anyone with any knowledge of chemistry to expect the capsule to do anything other than burst into flames and roast the astronauts.

    3. Re:Wouldn't want another Apollo 1 by crunchygranola · · Score: 1

      I read a NASA report on this fire last year, so I know the detailed sequence of events, and the conditions of the accident.

      In space the Apollo command module was supposed to be at 0.2 bar pure oxygen, since the one-component gas at low pressure made the capsule engineering easier. Since the system set up to only handle oxygen, on the ground it was filled with pure oxygen at 1.0 bar. The exercise the crew was going through was supposed to be as close to launch configuration as possible. NASA had not spent much effort analyzing the module furnishings for flammability, and there was widespread use of Velcro, which was the primary fuel for the fire.

      The capsule door opened inward, and the pressure was equalized with the outside so that there was no pressure on the door.

      When the fire started the heat rapidly increased the pressure in the module so that it was not possible to open the hatch. There were pressure relief valves, but they were too small to handle the rising pressure. The timeline was extremely short.

      Stage one (0 to 24 seconds) - start of the fire and initial spread:
      0 seconds: voltage surge that is believed to correspond with the short that ignited the fire
      10 seconds: the first voice indication of the crew of a fire.
      24 seconds: the pressure blew open the hatch (which did not open outward, it was a gross integrity failure). The pressure had risen to almost 2 bars at that point.
      Stage two (24 to 30 seconds) - "This stage was characterized by the period of greatest conflagration due to the forced convection that resulted from the outrush of gases through the rupture in the pressure vessel... Evidence of the intensity of the fire includes burst and burned aluminum tubes in the oxygen and coolant systems at floor level.": 28 seconds: last voice signal from the crew.
      Stage three (30 to 36 seconds) - "characterized by rapid production of high concentrations of carbon monoxide... unlike the earlier stages where the flame was relatively smokeless, heavy smoke now formed": The fire burned out due to lack of oxygen at this point. During this stage, less than half a minute from when the fire was first noticed the crew would have inhaled a lethal dose of carbon monoxide.

      See this summary.

      --
      Second class citizen of the New Gilded Age
  3. The master becomes the student by petes_PoV · · Score: 2

    according to Engadget, NASA has "decided that it will move forward with the SpaceX plan to fuel rockets after astronauts have already boarded.

    And maybe NASA will learn a thing or two about how to conduct a space-launch operation, as well.

    --
    politicians are like babies' nappies: they should both be changed regularly and for the same reasons
    1. Re: The master becomes the student by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Really? What do they do wrong?

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    2. Re: The master becomes the student by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Really? What do they do wrong?

      Well, not actually launch any fucking rockets for one thing.

      It's kind of ridiculous that we have at least four private companies ready to launch their new spacecraft and NASA can't even get around to a single test rocket of SLS, which is based on existing, decades old technology.

    3. Re: The master becomes the student by jwhyche · · Score: 2

      Does the word "Challenger" ring a bell?

      --
      I read at +2. If your post doesn't reach that level I will not see or respond to it.
    4. Re: The master becomes the student by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      NASA is not the one building it. Boeing, L-Mart and all other old space companies are building it. Blame them.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    5. Re: The master becomes the student by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Absolutely. I watched it live on TV blow up. We learned our lessons and have not done the same things. What is your point?

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    6. Re: The master becomes the student by jwhyche · · Score: 2

      The point is, before the launch NASA was warned of possibility of 'O' ring failure due to the extremely cold weather. NASA chose to ignore the warnings an launch anyway. The whole Challenger accident could have been avoided.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      --
      I read at +2. If your post doesn't reach that level I will not see or respond to it.
    7. Re: The master becomes the student by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      "And maybe NASA will learn a thing or two about how to conduct a space-launch operation, as well."
      Right, but that has what to do with SX's loading then filling, and teaching NASA?

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  4. Re:It's time to cull the denialist Republicans by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Off you go then.

  5. "a potential safety risk" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Feynman had some choice things to say about NASA's grasp of "potential safety risks". I hear they haven't materially improved since.

    1. Re:"a potential safety risk" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The Shuttle would in no way pass the safety requirements being met by Boeing and SpaceX. The Shuttle was unsafe by design. Neither would the SLS, which will not have to abide the requirement for a number of successful unmanned flights before flying with crew.

      NASA is giving ITSELF a pass on things it is requiring of the private launch companies. Of course it is a good idea to do those things.

    2. Re:"a potential safety risk" by ColaMan · · Score: 1

      From what I understand of the whole certification process, in order to be approved you can either do a whole bunch of component testing and paperwork, or you can fly your rocket a number of times.

      SLS is going the component testing/paperwork route, SpaceX is reducing the paperwork and flying their rockets.

      What it does highlight is the flexibility in the process. The old-school space crowd can still do it their way with the paperwork and the new guys can just go fly rockets and in the end you can get two different and probably-safe rockets out of it.

      --

      You are in a twisty maze of processor lines, all alike.
      There is a lot of hype here.
    3. Re:"a potential safety risk" by Agripa · · Score: 1

      From what I understand of the whole certification process, in order to be approved you can either do a whole bunch of component testing and paperwork, or you can fly your rocket a number of times.

      SLS is going the component testing/paperwork route, SpaceX is reducing the paperwork and flying their rockets.

      What it does highlight is the flexibility in the process. The old-school space crowd can still do it their way with the paperwork and the new guys can just go fly rockets and in the end you can get two different and probably-safe rockets out of it.

      NASA is not allowing SpaceX to achieve certification by just flying their rockets. Because they are reusable, NASA is also requiring teardown and analysis which is where the requirement to improve their turbopump design came from. When the same problem with cracked turbine blades was found in the shuttle main engines, NASA changed the failure requirements to allow them.

  6. Whoa. by msauve · · Score: 5, Funny

    They're going to fuel the rockets with the on-board astronauts? Soylent green is rocket fuel, too!

    --
    "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    1. Re: Whoa. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Everything is a fuel with a suffiently strong oxidiser.

    2. Re: Whoa. by Mr.+Dollar+Ton · · Score: 1

      Everything is "a fuel", but not everything is "a rocket fuel".

      Some things are just disaster fuels, and the race to the bottom called "cost cutting at all costs" is among the most disastrous of the bunch.

    3. Re:Whoa. by Anonym0us+Cow+Herd · · Score: 1

      > Soylent green is rocket fuel, too!

      When comparison shopping, please remember that Soylent Green is made from all natural ingredients.

      --
      The price of freedom is eternal litigation.
    4. Re: Whoa. by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Rocket fuel is usually just kerosene or methane - they have a pretty decent energy density, but not really that much greater than fat, though a couple times greater than sugar or protein.. Now, all the water in those astronauts is going to slow things down a bit, but dry 'em out and powder them first to aid efficient combustion, and they should work just fine.

      Disaster fuels are a whole different pithos of problems - you don't care so much about energy density there as you do about instability - TNT and gunpowder, to name a few of the tamer kinds, are both several times less energy dense than butter, but they're chemically unstable and contain their own oxidizers in the mix, so you really just have to get the ball rolling and they take care of the rest. Including a pre-mixed oxidizer is key for a good disaster fuel - you really don't want available airflow to restrict your disaster to just a jet of flame - that's no disaster, just a good excuse for an impromptu marshmallow roasting party. Chemical instability is also important - an explosion is nice and all, but if you're expecting it it's not such a big deal, just make sure you're out of the way first. No, a proper disaster fuel needs to be likely to go off with no warning, preferably do to some minor agitation such as heating from a stray sunbeam reflected from someone's watch, or the vibrations of a mosquito landing on the same table. Heck, some of them will work so well you'll be doing good to get them out of the production facility before they explode. Now *that's* a disaster fuel.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    5. Re: Whoa. by Mr.+Dollar+Ton · · Score: 1

      Good examples all around.

      Yet nothing beats the instability of the managerial "mind" hellbent on profit at any cost.

      Even nitrogen triiodine.

    6. Re: Whoa. by BranMan · · Score: 1

      You forgot hypergolic and flesh dissolving - like with fuming red nitric acid. Then you've got a party!

  7. There are several problems here by jd · · Score: 1, Interesting

    First, it's Russian Roulette, due to the lack of safety culture. (Note: I've worked at NASA.) This means that accidents might not happen the first time, or the twenty first. Each spin that ends up OK will convince others that it's safe, when it's really just lucky. Five successes is like rolling dice five times and not getting a one. It's going to happen. I would want something a little more technical, such as detailed analysis of failure modes, extensive sensory data showing precisely what is happening physically and electrically, and an ultrasound scan of metal items before and after the series of runs to determine how they're handling the stress.

    Second, potentially, it could be made safe, but only by raising costs. SpaceX is cheap because it cuts corners. Some of those corners weren't needed. Some were. We aren't going to get told enough information to determine which is which, and failure rates with such small numbers are statistically meaningless.

    Third, I don't see the added value. The refrigeration doesn't have to be internal (so you don't need the extra weight on board and can avoid ice buildup).

    Fourth, we know from the launch of the car that the guidance systems and engine control are flaky. They failed to put the car on the intended orbit by a few million miles. Buggy software in a rocket is never good, but said buggy software controls the refuelling systems and we've seen where that goes. All over the landscape. Now, SpaceX and NASA want to do this with people on board.

    One or two accidents could put back space research 20+ years. Such an accident at NASA nearly resulted in Hubble plunging to Earth as an uncontrolled missile, due to a delayed repair mission. We can't afford to be trapped on this badly degraded mudball any longer than necessary. We need successes, even if that ups the cost by a dollar or two. I care more about success for these missions than I care about SpaceX shareholders. The shareholders will live. The astronauts might very well not.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    1. Re:There are several problems here by 110010001000 · · Score: 0

      Don't worry. If there is a problem it will be fix in the next over-the-air update.

      Rei

    2. Re:There are several problems here by vadim_t · · Score: 5, Informative

      > Third, I don't see the added value. The refrigeration doesn't have to be internal (so you don't need the extra weight on board and can avoid ice buildup).

      SpaceX uses densified propellant. Meaning, it's loaded at a temperature significantly below boiling point, which means simply replentishing what boils off doesn't work, as at that point it's already too warm to be useful.

      That's why SpaceX needs to abort if the rocket spends too long sitting on the pad. The only solution if the propellant warms up too much is to drain all the fuel, and refuel the rocket again.

      That's unless you're suggesting they should make some sort of giant cooler that wraps around the entire rocket.

      > Fourth, we know from the launch of the car that the guidance systems and engine control are flaky.

      If I recall correctly, given that this was a test, they simply pushed the rocket as far as it would go, and weren't aiming for an exact orbit.

    3. Re:There are several problems here by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 2

      So we need to do it gold plated or not at all? You really did work for the US government, I can tell.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    4. Re:There are several problems here by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      Thing is putting astronauts in a capsule equipped with a Launch Escape System while the rocket beneath can't explode yet, makes it actually *safer*.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    5. Re: There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Heh, rocket koozies. Tesla could sell advertising space.

    6. Re:There are several problems here by religionofpeas · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Second, potentially, it could be made safe, but only by raising costs

      Money is not the issue. Late fuel loading increases rocket performance.

      The refrigeration doesn't have to be internal

      What are you talking about ? There's no refrigeration.

      Fourth, we know from the launch of the car that the guidance systems and engine control are flaky.

      How is the guidance system software relevant for the fuel loading procedure ? The explosion happened because the designers didn't completely anticipate all the physical interactions between the oxygen and the carbon wrapped pressure vessel. Once you do understand these systems, the software is the easy part.

    7. Re:There are several problems here by MachineShedFred · · Score: 3, Insightful

      And don't forget that if you are pre-fueling before crew ingress, you've got all kinds of ground crew crawling around on the tower and such, that's far more people next to a big hazardous device. If you fuel when the astronauts are in the capsule belted in and buttoned up, and everyone else has a chance to GTFO before the fuel pumps turn on, the maximum risk to life would be the flight crew and they have far better chances due to the launch escape system.

      Obviously no one wants anyone to die, but in the proposed scenario the only people around would be the astronauts, one with their hand on an abort handle capable of getting them out of there with extreme rapidity with a twist of the wrist. That seems like a better scenario to me.

      --
      Slashdot still doesnâ(TM)t support Unicode after it was added to the HTML standard in 1997.
    8. Re:There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      >First, it's Russian Roulette, due to the lack of safety culture.

      As if NASA has one? They are the ones who launched Challenger outside of safe conditions and they are the ones who ignored the obvious damage to Columbia and let them re enter when they could have easily waited at the ISS for a rescue/repair mission. SpaceX has had what? 2 RUDS their in their entire history? That's a better record than anyone else.

      >Second, potentially, it could be made safe, but only by raising costs.

      NASA seems to think it is safe now. What took out AMOS-6 was a previously unforeseen issue with the COPVs which they now understand well and have designed better tanks for. They have clearly satisfied NASA with the new COPV performance. Lets also remember that both SpaceX and ULA are being held to a previously unheard of standard for man rating their spacecraft.

      >Third, I don't see the added value.

      Then you dont understand how Falcon 9 works. The fuel is supercooled which enables 10% more for a given tank size but it also boils off really fast so loading has to be fast. If you take your time with any cryogenic engine you lose fuel but its even more critical with supercooled fuel.

      >Fourth, we know from the launch of the car that the guidance systems and engine control are flaky

      No, we don't know that. That was the Falcon Heavy test flight. Literally the first time they have launched it and the first time since the Saturn V anyone has launched a rocket anywhere near as powerful. Of course the first launch was going to have inaccuracies. You can do all the tests and simulations you want but you don't know exactly how it will perform until you light the candle. Falcon Heavy is also not being man rated. Falcon 9 is, which is very accurate and consistently docks autonomous spacecraft to the ISS with zero human intervention. At this point sending CRS missions to ISS is routine for SpaceX.

      >One or two accidents could put back space research 20+ years. Such an accident at NASA nearly resulted in Hubble plunging to Earth as an uncontrolled missile, due to a delayed repair mission. We can't afford to be trapped on this badly degraded mudball any longer than necessary. We need successes, even if that ups the cost by a dollar or two. I care more about success for these missions than I care about SpaceX shareholders. The shareholders will live. The astronauts might very well not.

      If you did work for NASA you are very out of touch with how things are going. I've spoken to my old Lockheed coworkers and everyone is pretty scared shitless about SpaceX. They pretty much ruined the gravy train within only a few years. Also, SpaceX is a private company, they really don't have shareholders in that sense. Sure, people own stock in the company but it isn't traded so unlike Tesla there is no playing the market. Given how you are factually incorrect on several points I think if you did work for NASA you weren't actually directly involved in getting rockets in to space or you just have a predisposition to hating private launch companies and want them to fail for some weird twisted reason. You either dont know what you are talking about or are intentionally disingenuous. So which is it?

    9. Re:There are several problems here by bobbied · · Score: 2

      Risks need to be managed or avoided in rocket science.

      Gene Kranz has some insights into this, having lived though Apollo as flight director of multiple missions. https://www.reddit.com/r/Space... Rocket science is a dangerous business, people WILL die. At issue is an analysis of the risks, mitigation strategies for the identified risks and the acceptance of the remaining risks that cannot be controlled.

      Where I share your concern with Space-X's process, the question is really for the rocket scientists to argue over and not a PR campaign. Is this an acceptable risk? Can it be effectively managed in the processes and procedures used to fuel the rocket and are the remaining risks acceptable? Maybe, maybe not.

      I'm just an engineer, so I'll let the rocket scientists hash this one out.

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    10. Re: There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      "That's unless you're suggesting they should make some sort of giant cooler that wraps around the entire rocket."

      Yes. The momo-2 has such a thing built into the launch pad tower. It wraps around the section of the rocket with the fuel tanks and retracts just before launch. If you wanted to, instead of just insulation, it could be a refrigeration unit.

    11. Re: There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No. The LES is not rated to survive an explosion, which is the historical falcon 9 failure mode for a fueling incident.

    12. Re: There are several problems here by SharpFang · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The 2016 explosion didn't rip the fairing apart. There's the entire service module (trunk) as a buffer between the launcher and the capsule. The engines are on the sloped sides, not beneath the capsule. And in the end, after analyzing the incident, Musk announced "Dragon would have been fine"

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    13. Re: There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think he's trying to say that we need to do it safely ir not at all. "Safe" and "gold-plated" are not the same thing.

    14. Re:There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Thing is putting astronauts in a capsule equipped with a Launch Escape System while the rocket beneath can't explode yet, makes it actually *safer*.

      Yes, thank you. The number of people in this thread (intentionally?) misunderstanding this is rather large.

      SpaceX's approach is SAFER for the astronauts. If I were in their shoes, I would want to be in the capsule, buttoned up, with a primed escape system under me, than walking around outside a fuelled OR fuelling rocket.

    15. Re:There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      out of there with extreme rapidity with a twist of the wrist

      And it doesn't even take that much. There is an automatic process which can trigger the LES upon loss of connectivity through a wire that runs the length of the rocket. The moment that wire is broken, the LES can fire, and this can react faster than any human could.

    16. Re: There are several problems here by WindBourne · · Score: 2

      Actually, no hand on the button, so to speak. Instead, super fast sensors that trigger in an instance, combined a redundant set of 8 dracos ( and only 4 required ). I would guess that they are likely to have a false abort, and yet, no injuries.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    17. Re:There are several problems here by Bearhouse · · Score: 1

      First, it's Russian Roulette, due to the lack of safety culture. (Note: I've worked at NASA.)

      Which NASA did you work for?

      The NASA that put man on the moon when it was run by Germans / ex-Nazis?

      The NASA that then went to hell with the hopeless Shuttle program, once the politicians took over (both inside and outside NASA)

      The NASA who's safety "culture" was panned following BOTH the Challenger and Columbia disasters; especially the later which basically proved they'd learned nothing, changed nothing, fixed nothing since killing the Challenger crew through bad design and lousy management.

    18. Re: There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The LES is not rated to survive an explosion,

      That is, like, literally it's entire job: surviving the rocket blowing up underneath it.

      Is it a perfect, 100% chance of survival? Of course not. But it is way, way better than not having it.

      Engineers looked at the last in-flight Falcon9 failure and believed that a LES would have had a crew survive the event.

      So... no idea what you are talking about, but you seem to be contradicting the people who actually investigate these things professionally.

    19. Re:There are several problems here by cstacy · · Score: 1

      First, it's Russian Roulette

      Geez, enough with the Russians already!

      Five successes is like rolling dice five times and not getting a one. It's going to happen. I would want something a little more technical, such as detailed analysis of failure modes, extensive sensory data showing precisely what is happening physically and electrically, and an ultrasound scan of metal items before and after the series of runs to determine how they're handling the stress.

      I assume all that is done and will be done; the thing about trying it out 5 times is that it's 5 more chances to see what was missed in all that.

    20. Re:There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The car was the first launch of a brand new rocket configuration. Missing the intended orbit by 1% is hardly a big deal, especially considering Musk was giving 50:50 odds of the entire stack disintegrating due to unforeseen loads.

      And what internal refrigeration?

      > (Note: I've worked at NASA.)

      As what, a janitor?

    21. Re:There are several problems here by bruce_the_loon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Fourth, we know from the launch of the car that the guidance systems and engine control are flaky. They failed to put the car on the intended orbit by a few million miles. Buggy software in a rocket is never good, but said buggy software controls the refuelling systems and we've seen where that goes. All over the landscape. Now, SpaceX and NASA want to do this with people on board.

      Nothing to do with guidance or engine control. They just let the second stage engine burn to fuel exhaustion and it burned longer than expected. Except for the aborted ride-along satellite with the one ISS servicing mission because of the single engine failure in the first stage, all their launches have been precisely where the client wanted them. Including the spy sats.

      --
      Trying to become famous by taking photos. Visit my homepage please.
    22. Re: There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      WindBourne is trying his hardest to fill the shoes.

    23. Re:There are several problems here by grogger · · Score: 1

      I have seen many posts about needing to get off this "rock" or "this badly degraded mudball" but where exactly do you plan to go? Even badly degraded this mudball is a billion times more inhabitable than any other rock, gas cloud, or sulfuric-acid soaked hell-hole anywhere in the neighbourhood. Earth is not so badly degraded that it can't be cleaned up a heck of a lot easier and cheaper than making say Mars habitable. Things have lived here a long time and suffered pretty big setbacks (bye-bye dino) but it still more or less runs - trees grow, fish swim, birds fly, and deer and antelope roam (within certain confines). Cutting back the population growth through education and improved living standards in developing countries would probably help. Reducing the developed countries desire (not need) for "stuff" would help too (2400 sq ft houses, power toys, green lawns, multi cars, 6 computers, 5 TVs, vacation properties- cut it in half and you probably would still be able to survive). That said, space travel is a great human achievement and we should keep up the good work. However, if we want to do it faster there will be risks and tragedies (by which I mean the rare but very public deaths of a few famous people, not the frequent off-camera deaths of hundreds of anonymous people that happen in normal life). If we can't justify the tragedies, that will hold us back. So is there a burning requirement to get off this mudball faster? Is there something out there we really, really need now that we can't get? I doubt getting off this rock soonish is not one of those requirements.

    24. Re:There are several problems here by Immerman · · Score: 1

      *Life* is Russian roulette - and there's no such thing as a safe *anything*. All safety procedures exist only to lower the risks, not eliminate them.

      If SpaceX can get 21 missions before a disaster, that's not actually that bad - NASA only managed 24 before the Challenger exploded, And another 88 before the Columbia followed suite.

      Meanwhile, the actual launch statistics, the Falcon 9 has almost half as many missions under it's belt as the Shuttle (60 versus 135) and has had two explosions, on launch 19 which exploded a couple minutes into the flight, and launch 29, which exposed the carbon-fiber tank issues while still on the pad. Superficially less impressive, but they've also been experimenting with new hardware and software on almost every flight - a luxury afforded them by the use of unmanned rockets, and the Dragon emergency escape system should have handled both disasters without trouble had they been manned. Now that the F9 is mature and not receiving any more experimental updates, it's reasonable to expect that the reliability should become more predictable.

      As for the Falcon Heavy, my understanding is that they weren't aiming for a specific orbit, so much as the most impressive capability demonstration they could manage - they flew the very first prototype of the Falcon Heavy through some of the most intense radiation belts around our planet, and then spent everything they had left to get the most impressive trajectory they could manage - they had a rough trajectory planned, but no specific destination, and just poured on as much delta-V as they could manage.

      And when we get to
      >We can't afford to be trapped on this badly degraded mudball any longer than necessary.
      I hate to break it to you - but barring some altogether new science fiction technology, we're probably trapped here forever. Even if we degrade this planet to a toxic cesspool nearly devoid of life there's still nowhere else to go that's even half as hospitable. And even if there were, there's no way to get any significant fraction of people off the planet. We'd need a fleet of 3,600 BFR's carrying 100 people each, all launching once a day, every day, just to keep up with the birth rate. Double that, and it would still take tens of thousands of years to evacuate the Earth.

      Like it or not, we're stuck here for the duration and it behooves us to make the best of it. Space exploration, travel, and colonization offer wonderful long-term potential for our species - but it's a potential that's unlikely to ever matter to more than a tiny handful of people born on Earth. And anyone currently alive is probably going to be too old to participate by the time things start really picking up. (I do nurture a hope that there'll be some demand for old codgers willing to cut their meager remaining life expectancy in half in order to help lay the foundations for future space-based civilizations, but then I grew up on the romance of golden-age science fiction.)

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    25. Re: There are several problems here by dasunt · · Score: 2

      The momo-2 has such a thing built into the launch pad tower. It wraps around the section of the rocket with the fuel tanks and retracts just before launch. If you wanted to, instead of just insulation, it could be a refrigeration unit.

      Judging from Google search results, the Momo-2 seems most notable for exploding at launch.

    26. Re:There are several problems here by eth1 · · Score: 1

      Fourth, we know from the launch of the car that the guidance systems and engine control are flaky. They failed to put the car on the intended orbit by a few million miles. Buggy software in a rocket is never good, but said buggy software controls the refuelling systems and we've seen where that goes. All over the landscape. Now, SpaceX and NASA want to do this with people on board.

      Nothing to do with guidance or engine control. They just let the second stage engine burn to fuel exhaustion and it burned longer than expected. Except for the aborted ride-along satellite with the one ISS servicing mission because of the single engine failure in the first stage, all their launches have been precisely where the client wanted them. Including the spy sats.

      And never mind that the car was successfully launched on the FIRST flight of a new rocket. Oh, having the two boosters land at the same time on a bullseye is some really crappy guidance and engine control, too, let's not forget about that...

    27. Re: There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OH! SICK BURN!

    28. Re:There are several problems here by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      SpaceX is cheap because it cuts corners.

      SpaceX is cheap because it's reusable. Which is another way of saying more durable. Their first stage components are built to last 10+ flights, while other rockets are built to last 1 flight.

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    29. Re:There are several problems here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thankfully they are not a public listed company, so they probably only have to listen to the real experts in the relevant fields and follow whatever regulations there may be.

      They can ignore everyone else (including me or you) and still do well. :)

    30. Re:There are several problems here by Agripa · · Score: 1

      > Third, I don't see the added value. The refrigeration doesn't have to be internal (so you don't need the extra weight on board and can avoid ice buildup).

      SpaceX uses densified propellant. Meaning, it's loaded at a temperature significantly below boiling point, which means simply replentishing what boils off doesn't work, as at that point it's already too warm to be useful.

      That's why SpaceX needs to abort if the rocket spends too long sitting on the pad. The only solution if the propellant warms up too much is to drain all the fuel, and refuel the rocket again.

      That's unless you're suggesting they should make some sort of giant cooler that wraps around the entire rocket.

      If the tanks can take it, then they could be pumped down while the fuel is loaded to evaporatively lower the temperature of the fuel and oxidizer.

  8. If it blows up... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If it blows up they can just blame ULA saboteurs again.

    1. Re:If it blows up... by TheDarkMaster · · Score: 1

      You're joking of course, but industrial saboteurs are a pretty real thing.

      --
      Religion: The greatest weapon of mass destruction of all time
    2. Re: If it blows up... by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Most of which companies hire them.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    3. Re: If it blows up... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Most of which companies hire them.

      What? Did you mean, "Most companies hire them" or something else?

    4. Re: If it blows up... by CaffeinatedBacon · · Score: 1

      You're not having a meltdown because all your lies are catching up to you are you Windy? Have another try with English this time, tell us what you mean.

    5. Re: If it blows up... by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      If you are incapable of reading and comprehending English than go back to mandarin.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    6. Re: If it blows up... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That wasn't English...even American English

    7. Re: If it blows up... by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      hey porky, are you such a liar that you refuse to attach your name to the crap that you spew all over the web?

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    8. Re: If it blows up... by CaffeinatedBacon · · Score: 1

      Listen Windy, not everyone pointing out your lies and laughing at your incompetence is me. Plenty of people don't like liars and think you are an idiot.
      Plenty of people don't like what I say too, but that is usually because they are entitled assholes who don't like having to admit their country is so polluting. Or they somehow believe your other lie that I'm a Chinese troll. Repeat the lie often enough and some people will believe it. Maybe thats your whole plan lie often about everything and hope people are too lazy to check.

      What were you trying to say though? Can you explain it in English?

      PS: Everyone knows who the liar is, when have you showed even a single lie of mine?

      PPS:Not attaching your name to something doesn't make you a liar. Is that more Windy logic?

    9. Re: If it blows up... by Agripa · · Score: 1

      Most of which companies hire them.

      What? Did you mean, "Most companies hire them" or something else?

      Range safety is *very* important. (Obscure?)

    10. Re: If it blows up... by CaffeinatedBacon · · Score: 1

      He's making a list, and checking it twice. Gunna find out who's naughty who's nice....

  9. While it was 0.3 bar, this was on Earth. by robbak · · Score: 1

    As they were testing valves and other gas handling, the Apollo 1 spacecraft was being tested with a pure atmosphere environment at 0.3 bar above the ambient, or 1.3 bar absolute. There were many things they were doing wrong with Apollo 1.

    --
    Prediction for end of Universe #42: Fencepost error in Quantum_bogosort.cpp
  10. This seems.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Reasonable

  11. What does NASA think about fueling in orbit? by mmutka · · Score: 1

    SpaceX also plans to fuel its ship in parking orbit in the future, topping off many times, with presumably crew and payload aboard. What does NASA think about that? The fuel will not be supercold I think, but explosions in orbit could anyway cause a debris cascade making space travel unsafe for years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    1. Re:What does NASA think about fueling in orbit? by Gavagai80 · · Score: 1

      A shaded fueling depot in space seems like the perfect opportunity for naturally super-cooled fuels. The dangers should be less though because the fuel won't warm and expand until made to.

      --
      This space intentionally left blank
    2. Re:What does NASA think about fueling in orbit? by mmutka · · Score: 1

      In LEO you have about an hour max of Earth shade at a time. You could of course bring a big parasol with you. The point I tried to make is that while NASA/SpaceX have some hard-won experience in fueling rockets on the ground, nobody has ever transferred supercooled rocket fuel from one ship to another in orbit. What kind of setup is needed to make the first trials safe?

  12. Fueling rockets with astronauts by scourfish · · Score: 2

    This sounds a bit inhumane. At the very least, they could use puppies or kittens.

  13. You foolishly assume .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The fueling operation is dangerous. Moving cryofluids introduces a lot of failure modes that don't exist sitting still.

    This is another example of SpaceX using political solutions to engineering challenges. Just ask our puppets on the hill to tell NASA to play ball. It worked to get the Air Force to pencil whip their space rating.

    1. Re:You foolishly assume .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The fueling operation is dangerous.

      Yes... which is why it is better to be in an enclosed capsule with a launch escape system that stands a good chance of saving the crew's life in the event of a problem, than to be outside and exposed in a manner that will result in almost certain death in the event of a problem.

      SpaceX is taking the safer route here. Any time there is fuel aboard the rocket, there is the potential for a catastrophe, so it is better to protect the crew as much as possible. Since the crew must at some point board the capsule, it is better they do this before there is fuel on board, and be relatively protected thereafter.

    2. Re: You foolishly assume .. by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      And yet, NASA require the zip line because it is still not safe with a fully loaded system.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    3. Re: You foolishly assume .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Right...because decades of history of rocket design and operational history mean nothing because SpaceX. Sure.

      Most rockets load cryofuels near their boiling point. You only have to top it off in order to launch if you have a delay. SpaceX loads fuels near their freezing point. This lets them get more propellant in a smaller space....with a catch. If you do that, you can't top it off and can't afford delays because you can't recover from them. You go on time or close to it or not at all. You may have noticed this about their launch ops. They scrub missions really quickly when a problem happens. This is why they fuel late in the count. It's all about making a medium-power rocket last a little longer in powered flight.

      It is also what caused that uncommanded disassembly on the launchpad a while back, you know, the one where Elon lost his mind saying someone shot his rocket from an adjacent rooftop with zero evidence? That was because it turns out that super cold things can cause unexpected stuff to happen. NASA learned that the hard way once. SpaceX did too...at least that time there weren't lives at stake.

      I'm getting a little tired of NASA signing off on anything SpaceX wants. This is a tragedy waiting to happen.

    4. Re: You foolishly assume .. by SuperKendall · · Score: 1

      Right...because decades of history of rocket design and operational history mean nothing because SpaceX.

      By Apollo my forefathers loaded this rocket using donkey powered carts, and that is the way it shall be done until the end of time!

      --
      "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    5. Re: You foolishly assume .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      will this topic be safe from your lies?

    6. Re: You foolishly assume .. by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Porky, again, you continue to hide your trolling. Why? Just post as your alternative ID of Crimson Tsunami. It is bad enough that you are simply a lying troll, but at least have the courage to back it up.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    7. Re:You foolishly assume .. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wait, so you're saying "It's better to protect the crew as much as possible" by moving them from a concrete room to an aluminum shell during the MOST DANGEROUS PART? Your Muskian religion is not rational.

    8. Re: You foolishly assume .. by CaffeinatedBacon · · Score: 1
      Already answered here.

      Listen Windy, not everyone pointing out your lies and laughing at your incompetence is me. Plenty of people don't like liars and think you are an idiot. Plenty of people don't like what I say too, but that is usually because they are entitled assholes who don't like having to admit their country is so polluting. Or they somehow believe your other lie that I'm a Chinese troll. Repeat the lie often enough and some people will believe it. Maybe thats your whole plan lie often about everything and hope people are too lazy to check.

      What were you trying to say though? Can you explain it in English?

      PS: Everyone knows who the liar is, when have you showed even a single lie of mine?

      PPS:Not attaching your name to something doesn't make you a liar. Is that more Windy logic?

    9. Re: You foolishly assume .. by CaffeinatedBacon · · Score: 1

      He's making a list, and checking it twice. Gunna find out who's naughty who's nice...

    10. Re:You foolishly assume .. by SharpFang · · Score: 1

      1. Not during. Before.

      2. Not most dangerous; less dangerous than launch for certain. And the rocket sitting fueled on the launchpad is not quite safe either.

      3. The aluminium shell can evacuate the area in time. Astronaut climbing to it from that concrete room can't.

      4. If you modify things deviating from the regular procedure for this specific type of rocket, the most dangerous part (launch) becomes much more dangerous.

      --
      45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
  14. Fuel Rocket With Astronauts? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why? Astronauts don't have a really good energy density and make poor rocket fuel.

  15. I'm no rocket scientist, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Personally I'd rather walk up to and board a nice inert skyscraper of aluminum and then have it filled to the brim with highly flammable rocket fuel and a powerful oxidizer, knowing that the escape system was armed and ready to fire the moment it detected over-pressure waves/fire. The alternative of spending an hour or more driving up to, riding an elevator along, and then being strapped into a hissing, creaking, capable of exploding at any minute skyscraper of rocket fuel/oxidizer would seem to be, on its face, far more problematic from a safety perspective.

  16. Astronauts for fuel? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So, carrying astronauts on board to be come rocket fuel is being postulated?

  17. Re:It's time to cull the denialist Republicans by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's not the Republicans that are denialists. It's the democrats. Twats haven't won an election in 10 years, and it's the Republicans that are living with denial? Please.

  18. I like the headline better than the article. by cshark · · Score: 1

    The image it invoked in my head of astronauts either being used as rocket fuel, or some kind of poop based fuel, or something.

    I know the actual explanation was more realistic, but the former was more fun.

    --

    This signature has Super Cow Powers

  19. Re: It's time to cull the denialist Republicans by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Dems haven't won an election in Ten years? Not even in 11/2008? Not again in 2012? We have election beyond the Presidential too.

    Nice troll fail. It helps to know hoe often the country you are trolling has elections. No rubles for you!

  20. Fuel rockets with astronauts? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Gives a whole new meaning to "biofuel".

    1. Re:Fuel rockets with astronauts? by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 1

      /sarcasm Ouch, burn! (pun intended)

  21. Re: It's time to cull the denialist Republicans by Swave+An+deBwoner · · Score: 1

    Not necessarily a troll. Poor AC may just be in denial.

  22. Deja vous all over again by Sqreater · · Score: 1

    This is just space shuttle thinking applied once again. You ok a thing because you want to do a thing. That's all. Wait for the disasters.

    --
    E Proelio Veritas.