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Amazon Hits $1 Trillion Market Value Milestone (reuters.com)

Amazon.com on Tuesday became the second U.S. company to reach $1 trillion in stock market value, just weeks after Apple hit the same milestone on Aug. 2. Shares in the world's largest online retailer last traded up 1.4 percent at $2,041.68. Its shares hit the $2050.2677 level to give its stock a value of $1 trillion. From a report: Amazon and Apple, which hit the trillion-dollar milestone on Aug. 2, symbolize the growing influence of tech companies on markets and the economy. The industry is amassing wealth and power, creating a new order in business where the most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data. Not far behind in market value are Google owner Alphabet Inc. and Microsoft Corp. , both approaching $900 billion, while Facebook -- which crossed $500 billion in July 2017, a day after Amazon -- has stalled at those levels amid a data-privacy scandal and growth concerns.

75 comments

  1. The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Enough said.

    Captcha: preempt

    1. Re:The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No.

      I buy nothing from Amazon.

      Whether they are worth a trillion dollars or they go out of business tomorrow, it is meaningless to me.

    2. Re:The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      Ok, even if you have a good reason or not, I don't see how your post is relevant.
      Are you implying that somehow you are better person, because you didn't buy something from Amazon?
      If so you should give your reasons to explain why, vs. that you just don't.

      It is kinda stupid to make a statement where no one really knows what you mean.
      It is kinda like in college when some students make a silent protest. With no signs or anything else. It is just a bunch of people sitting quietly in the hallway.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    3. Re: The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Can we nationalize the oil companies first?

    4. Re:The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by registrations_suck · · Score: 1

      Enough said.

      Captcha: preempt

      Your Captcha, which was the best part of your post, should have said, "fuck that".

    5. Re:The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Amazon is not a tech stock. They are a seller of 'tat' and effing good at it. They'll drive everyone incluing WalMart out of business within 6 years.

    6. Re:The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by Arashi256 · · Score: 1

      Don't bother. It's the same sort of person who tells anybody willing to listen that they don't own a TV and we should all just, like, unplug from our devices and go for a walk outside and experience, like, what's really *important* in life instead. Technological Vegans, basically. And they're all dull as shit.

    7. Re: The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You know like half the internet is hosted on AWS, right?

    8. Re: The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      Can we nationalize the oil companies first?

      When a company is nationalized, it generally turns to shit. So nationalizing oil companies might be the push we need to get away from carbon.

    9. Re:The time to nationalize Amazon draws closer... by jellomizer · · Score: 1

      I do find it funny how "Technological Vegans" love to troll the internet.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  2. I see THREE SHELLS! by Thud457 · · Score: 2

    bah, nothing to worry about until they buy Taco Bell.

    --

    the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

  3. Monopolies are evil by XXongo · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Monopolies are evil--even if they don't start out to be evil. The capitalism model only works with competition.

    Amazon is working hard to be a monopoly.

    1. Re:Monopolies are evil by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If capitalism is so great, why does it allow monopolies to exist?

      It seems to me that monopolies are the result of executing your capitalistic business plan successfully. In the physics world, monopolies would represent a low entropy state.

    2. Re:Monopolies are evil by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      Monopolies are wrong, but not necessarily evil. I haven't heard of many stories where Amazon is actively trying to kill its competition, they seem to just try to focus on making their product better.

      Amazon just seems to competing against multiple competitors just because they seem to play a long term game over they years while their competitors are trying to win for that quarter.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    3. Re:Monopolies are evil by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      The capitalism model only works with competition

      What model? Capitalism only talks about the control and profits and how it relates to public or private ownership. Capitalism places no requirements on the outcome of the market. I will raise you something more insightful: Capitalism with competition is an unstable state, with any bump pure capitalism will always tend to a monopoly.

      Amazon is working hard to be a monopoly.

      So is my local corner shop. That's how capitalism works. The thing that sets Amazon apart is that they are *succeeding* in becoming a monopoly.

    4. Re:Monopolies are evil by gtall · · Score: 1

      "...monopolies are the result of executing your capitalistic business plan successfully." No it isn't. It is competing unfairly. Capitalism assumes freedom of entry and exit. A monopoly restricts entry.

      Capitalism isn't a Grand Unified Theory of Economics as you would like to construct that straw man just so you can knock him down. The reason for regulations is precisely the recognition that it is not the GUT of E and that more is required to provide a level playing field.

      The situation is similar to the Constitution where the strict constitutionalists would have us believe if it isn't authorized in the Constitution, government shouldn't be doing it. Governing is never that simple because the ground it is to govern over is not stable. The U.S. of the 1700s is not the U.S of today and won't be the U.S. of 10 years from now.

    5. Re:Monopolies are evil by Njovich · · Score: 1

      Because we live in the real world and not in an economical model of a perfect market economy.

    6. Re:Monopolies are evil by fluffernutter · · Score: 1

      Just like how everyone is free to start up their own social network, and then weep in a corner alone in the dark. Capitalism presumed a certain geographical limitation. Location, location, location is no longer part of the equation so one company can reach everyone and everyone else is done.

      --
      Laws are rules for the court, but merely a bottom bar to hit for life. Think beyond laws in your actions always.
  4. Monopoly is meaningless? by XXongo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    No. I buy nothing from Amazon. Whether they are worth a trillion dollars or they go out of business tomorrow, it is meaningless to me.

    When they drive the last of their competitors out of business, will it still be meaningless to you?

    1. Re: Monopoly is meaningless? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Perhaps, then, you don't mean nationalize? Breaking them up would leave room for competition. Nationalizing them would guarantee that no one could ever compete.

    2. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 2

      Amazon is dominant in e-commerce - but e-commerce is less than 10% of the entire retail market, so they need to increase by at least a factor of 20 to drive everyone else out of business.

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
    3. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I also do not buy anything from Amazon, but the startup I work at spends about $200 grand a month on AWS.

      Amazon's consumer website is shit. AWS has value though.

    4. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by fattmatt · · Score: 1

      True ... even with 4-5% of the entire retail market it's a tough sell they are a monopoly, they don't seem to be controlling the supply of retail goods at an inflated price. But they do sell alot of disposable crap (Amazon Basics) at inflated prices and drive over your lawn to deliver them (Amazon Delivery). Shame!

    5. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 3, Informative

      For the most part, Amazon is much like a shopping mall chain - most of what they sell is FBA (Fulfilled By Amazon) for 3rd parties, and they take a warehouse/processing/shipping commission on it. Just like the mall owner gets rent (and often a piece of revenue in many places around the world).

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
    6. Re: Monopoly is meaningless? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They could become an even bigger monopoly than the post office!

    7. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by mu51c10rd · · Score: 1

      No. I buy nothing from Amazon. Whether they are worth a trillion dollars or they go out of business tomorrow, it is meaningless to me.

      When they drive the last of their competitors out of business, will it still be meaningless to you?

      Or more importantly, how much does the OP rely upon AWS (either through their employment or web apps on the internet such as Netflix)?

    8. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by mu51c10rd · · Score: 1

      I'm quite certain Amazon cares more about AWS than their retail services.

    9. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by cayenne8 · · Score: 1
      Isn't most of the money for Amazon coming from AWS?

      Or at least, isn't that where Amazon is deriving most of their profit?

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    10. Re:Monopoly is meaningless? by r1348 · · Score: 1

      AWS is definitely the most profitable division, but I'm not sure it's the one with the highest earnings.

  5. A tale of two P/Es.... by SuperKendall · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I find it amusing that with both companies being at a one trillion market cap, AAPL has a P/E ratio of 20, while AMZN has nearly an order of magnitude higher P/E at 185.

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    1. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      For us readers of Benjamin Graham, today's stock valuations are just nuts. It's like the late 90s again. Folks justify the prices by saying they're paying for growth however; growth never lasts forever - there are always limits.

      Eventually, fundamentals win out in the end. And when they do, the people who ignored them for pie-in-the-sky predictions lose in the end. The years 1929, 1980, 1987, 1990-1991, 2000 and 2008 (and some others) illustrated that.

      I'm starting to see the articles with the theme of "it's different this time" like I saw in 1999.

    2. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by DavenH · · Score: 2

      And if you traded just on P/E metrics alone, you'd underperform the market massively.

      What's the use of a low P/E? So the dividends will have a good yield without hurting cashflow, right?
      Well, what if dividends are taxed more than capital gains? What if the company can redirect that profit into capex so they grow faster than the market? In this case, investors like a company that can keep growing at maximum pace, so that when the saturation point comes (which may be a long time with Amazon - maybe they end up dominating all markets), the dividends will be far more rewarding.

    3. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by SuperKendall · · Score: 1

      All of what you say is true but...

      Can it really account for an order of magnitude difference?

      Both Apple and Amazon have lots of room for growth. At some point something will replace the cell phone, and Apple has all of the components and developers in place to move on that.

      I have shares in both companies. But Amazon's P/E seem unrealistically high to me even though I agree with what you say about the potential future market growth of Amazon.

      --
      "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    4. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm starting to see the articles with the theme of "it's different this time" like I saw in 1999.

      and the janitor offering stock tips while emptying the wastecan

    5. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      and yet, there are plenty of market leader high-tech stocks which make silly amounts of money and their given insanely lowvaluations. think forward PE 4 and 5:
      MU
      WDC

      the market has gone into crazy land where the blessed stocks are given free passes on huge misses across multiple metrics and make nothing to almost nothing from an actual profit standpoint.

      While other stocks have some obscure analyst who "sees dark clouds on the horizon" and they tank 50%

      there is manipulation on the upside for these blessed companies Fomenting them upward, and there is rampant manipulation kicking them doward with Short and Distort tactics.

      Meanwhile, the SEC is AWOL

    6. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      Well I am not hearing economy 2.2 patch level 18. Amazon and Apple actually made their money by selling stuff for a profit. And not on speculation of future greatness, sure they make some money from speculation, but it is shown by solid sales numbers, and not fancy powerpoint demos.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    7. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      Most likely it is because Apples market is saturated. There are only so many people on the planet that can afford iPhones.

    8. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by SqueakyMouse · · Score: 1

      They have high market cap for different reasons. Apple has high profit margins due to its brand name, so high it rakes in more profits than it knows how to reinvest and ends up sitting on a pile of cash, hence the lower P/E ratio. Amazon is more about selling everything it can to the point that people simply shop from there whatever they want through force of habit. This is a highly desirable position to be in, hence the high market cap.

    9. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by SqueakyMouse · · Score: 1

      The denominator in P/E can be zero or negative making it a silly way round to do the quotient imo. It also means that concerning yourself with the order of magnitude of P/E can be misleading.

    10. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by tlhIngan · · Score: 1

      I find it amusing that with both companies being at a one trillion market cap, AAPL has a P/E ratio of 20, while AMZN has nearly an order of magnitude higher P/E at 185.

      Problem is, AAPL is dying! (Been dying for what, over 40 years now?). Of course, Amazon, having made very little profit, is going to take over the world. (If you look at their annual reports, making profit isn't actually a priority for Amazon - they intend to grow revenues even at the expense of profits.)

    11. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well one is a great company with impressive tech. And the other is apple.

    12. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by jbengt · · Score: 1

      True.
      So just use Earnings / Price, instead.

    13. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by Anubis+IV · · Score: 2

      Actually, while you're correct that Amazon certainly does sell real stuff with real value for a real profit, their valuation has largely been based on speculation of future greatness.

      For years, they've had minimal profits because they've left money on the table in the interest of driving customer growth while spending what they did bring in on improvements to their infrastructure. Despite their minimal profits, people have kept investing in them on the continued promise that—at some point in the future—Amazon could flip the switch and start collecting those profits. It's my understanding that Amazon signaled their intent to finally flip the switch awhile back. They've eliminated enough of their competition and expanded into enough areas that they can slow down and rest on their laurels a bit.

      And, sure enough, we've recently started to hear significantly more stories of their prices being less competitive, fewer items being available for free two-day shipping, and the screws getting turned on more and more of their suppliers. They're leaving less profit on the table, but the stock market hasn't really caught up yet to that new reality. While there is more growth yet to happen, the market seems to value Amazon on the assumption that their growth will continue at its meteoric pace, despite Amazon signaling to the contrary.

    14. Re:A tale of two P/Es.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Problem is, AAPL is dying! (Been dying for what, over 40 years now?).

      The old Apple did die. More than once. They are mostly a cell phone company now.

  6. High share prices keep out small investors by magarity · · Score: 1

    This needed to be split a long while back. $2K per share keeps out a lot of small investors. It's hard to buy a 100 share block at this price.

    1. Re:High share prices keep out small investors by fred6666 · · Score: 1

      Then buy a single share. But still, I agree it would be better if the price was around, say, $40

    2. Re:High share prices keep out small investors by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      $2K per share keeps out a lot of small investors. It's hard to buy a 100 share block at this price.

      I'm sure Amazon or the rest of the market is crying for the small investors.

    3. Re:High share prices keep out small investors by ScentCone · · Score: 1

      Well I don't know about you, but it was under $18 when I bought it. I should have begged, borrowed and stole to buy a lot more of it then, too. It really did seem like a smart buy at the time, but I wouldn't have guessed I'd see 2800% growth. I'll take it. If it WERE to split, it would jump up quickly again, I suspect.

      --
      Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
    4. Re:High share prices keep out small investors by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm short Amazon. I'll buy it back at $18.

    5. Re:High share prices keep out small investors by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I think keeping out small investors is a feature and not a bug. They don't want their stock held by the kind of people who got burned on their house, then gold, then bitcoins.

    6. Re:High share prices keep out small investors by dj245 · · Score: 1

      This needed to be split a long while back. $2K per share keeps out a lot of small investors. It's hard to buy a 100 share block at this price.

      Your broker doesn't allow you to buy fractional shares?

      --
      Even those who arrange and design shrubberies are under considerable economic stress at this period in history.
    7. Re:High share prices keep out small investors by Solandri · · Score: 1

      If you're too small an investor to afford a $2k share, then the broker commissions on buying shares are going to kill your percentage return anyway. Not to mention the enormous risk you expose yourself to investing in just one stock.

      At that level of investing, you're much better off investing in mutual funds - partial ownership of a big collection of stocks. Especially index funds. The price to buy into a fund is typically much lower (with a floor of a few hundred dollars). And the fact that they bundle a bunch of stocks together mitigates the risk (if one stock tanks, the entire fund still survives mostly intact).

  7. Coming soon.... by Zorro · · Score: 0

    Amazon sucessfully tests its first Hydrogen Bomb and builds an ICBM to launch it at Apple.

    1. Re:Coming soon.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That would be great!

    2. Re:Coming soon.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Can I please be there and be the one to press the button?

  8. the most valuable resource is data? by More+Trouble · · Score: 1

    Data may in fact be more valuable than oil, but neither Apple nor Amazon demonstrate that idea. Apple claims it's not selling it's data at all (and it's investor reports seem to bear that out) and Amazon's growth is largely a matter of market position, not data.

  9. Monopolies are inefficient by XXongo · · Score: 3, Interesting

    If capitalism is so great, why does it allow monopolies to exist?

    Capitalism doesn't really "allow" or "not allow" things. That would be a regulatory scheme.

    Capitalism (or more specifically, free markets) is a system that is efficient on the micro-level (for a certain definition of "efficient".) If the system evolves into a monopoly, however, the free market assumptions no longer hold, and the system is no longer efficient.

    It seems to me that monopolies are the result of executing your capitalistic business plan successfully. In the physics world, monopolies would represent a low entropy state.

    I don't even know what that means. In general, monopolies are a result of entry barriers and economy of scale (which may often be the same: the entry barrier is often because of the economies of scale.)

    Once a large corporation enter the scene, there is also an anticompetitive entry barrier: a larger corporation can simply underprice an upstart competitor, using the strategy that they can simply take a loss until their competition goes bankrupt, and once the competitors are all driven out of business, raise their prices to recoup their losses. Is this "executing a capitalistic business plan successfully"? Well, I suppose.

    1. Re:Monopolies are inefficient by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In the physics world, monopolies would represent a low entropy state.

      I don't even know what that means.

      It basically means that economy of scale and entry barriers are the natural byproduct of an efficient monopoly with most goods. It doesn't require "anti-competitive practices" for a company that has lower costs per unit to offer lower prices, so if anything upstarts have to either (1) find a new lower energy state or (2) have outside funding that allows them to anti-competitively undercut the monopoly. Of course the paradox is that monopolies have no incentive to reduce their price below the monopolistic price which is often well above the intersection of supply and demand, so it requires constant upstarts to motivate a monopoly to lower the price enough to be competitive and for which a government may try to claim anti-competitive practices even when they're actually selling well above cost (just with lower expected profit margins).

      So, the most efficient system in most markets without government regulation is a monopoly that is constantly challenged with loss-leader companies funded by third parties, likely competitors in another market space that hasn't reach equilibrium, that regularly implode when either they run out of funds because of their invariable inefficiencies, their sponsor decides to stop supporting them, or a combination of the two. Only in very rare instances do we see an actual upstart displace a market leader, and nominally it has more to do with the upstart being efficient enough and quick enough (think advertising) to encourage loyalty even with a premium price.

    2. Re:Monopolies are inefficient by djinn6 · · Score: 1

      Capitalism (or more specifically, free markets) is a system that is efficient on the micro-level (for a certain definition of "efficient".) If the system evolves into a monopoly, however, the free market assumptions no longer hold, and the system is no longer efficient.

      I don't think it can even be considered "efficient" when all of its assumptions hold. For example, in an "efficient" market for widget X with 100 suppliers, there is still the waste of creating 100 manufacturing infrastructures for each of the different suppliers. If every supplier has perfect information, then the super-rational solution is to have the lowest cost supplier create all the widgets, sell them at the market price, then share the profits with all the other suppliers.

      This is absurd of course. Nobody has perfect information and nobody would distribute their profits, but it does illustrate the limits of the model.

      This also shows how Socialism can become more efficient than Capitalism in some cases. The government can become the lowest cost supplier, set the price it thinks should be the market price, then divide profits amongst everyone. This saves on capital, because production infrastructure is built once rather than 100 times.

      Doing this properly is extremely hard of course, which is why we don't see many successful Socialist countries.

  10. Down is Up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's Union City and the Hobart Corporation all over again.

  11. What's that expression? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely." Used to be IBM, then Microsoft, now the new kids in town.

  12. Hyperinflation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The topic says it all.. 2018 dollars are less than half of what 2010 dollars were worth.

    1. Re:Hyperinflation by SqueakyMouse · · Score: 1

      Well if the basket of goods with respect to which the dollar is priced is made up of the world's biggest tech stocks, selected with hindsight, then this would be substantial inflation. Usually we use stuff like bread and milk though to compute inflation by which measure dollars are worth around 16% less than they were 8 years ago.

  13. Amazon already sells most things by SuperKendall · · Score: 1

    But most people already buy most things from Amazon, so where is the growth coming from? Amazon I would argue has some room for growth but it seems like it is near saturation in terms of product sales and is desperately seeking out new markets (hence the push for things like Prime Video). Several websites already have figured out ways to pull me away from Amazon for purchases, why will that not become increasingly common?

    Apple meanwhile has more room for growth via several product lines that already exist and have gotten great traction (like the watch), in addition to new markets they have not yet entered but obviously plan to (automotive, and augmented reality spring to mind).

    Apple is also growing services revenue substantially which is the thing that really kicked off Amazon's hug stock growth.

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    1. Re:Amazon already sells most things by jbengt · · Score: 1

      But most people already buy most things from Amazon . . .

      That is patently untrue.
      Still, Amazon has too high of a P/E ratio for my tastes.

  14. Probably because the buybacks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That practice makes the company more valuable than it really is.

  15. A tale of inflation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This indicates the effect of inflation, more than anything else.

  16. A hard habit to break, but you should by pablo_max · · Score: 1

    I am not surprised by their market share. It is so damn convenient to shop with them.
    In the last 8 months, I have made a concerted effort to avoid buying anything physical from Amazon.
    I do use Amazon to search for different products of interest and to get an idea of the price.
    I then try to find it in a local store and if the price is reasonably close, I buy it local.

    I had a look around last year and noticed that a lot of stores seem to close and suddenly realized that I am part of the problem. So, I buy local when I can, even when it is less convenient. I also remind other others to try and buy local to save money from themselves down the line. After all, when people don't work... someone needs to pay the benefits.

  17. Just like the Roaring Twenties all over again... by VeryFluffyBunny · · Score: 1

    You know what happened after the Roaring 20s, in 1929?

    --
    Debate is a form of harassment. Do not question my truth.
  18. Number 2! Like Bono! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Can you spare a couric, asks Bezos.

  19. No its not.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The value of money is going down, that is why the numbers have increased and every time your money inflates it goes into the pocket of the bank owners. Stealing without reaching into your pocket.

  20. Excellent by WindowsStar · · Score: 1

    Apple pays half in taxes and Amazon pays half in taxes equals $1 Trillion Dollars and the rest of us don't pay taxes. Problem solved!

  21. Socialism, like Monopoly, is inefficient by XXongo · · Score: 1

    Capitalism (or more specifically, free markets) is a system that is efficient on the micro-level (for a certain definition of "efficient".) If the system evolves into a monopoly, however, the free market assumptions no longer hold, and the system is no longer efficient.

    I don't think it can even be considered "efficient" when all of its assumptions hold. For example, in an "efficient" market for widget X with 100 suppliers, there is still the waste of creating 100 manufacturing infrastructures for each of the different suppliers. If every supplier has perfect information, then the super-rational solution is to have the lowest cost supplier create all the widgets, sell them at the market price, then share the profits with all the other suppliers.

    What I said was that the free market system was efficient on the micro level and qualified that with "(for a certain definition of "efficient")". The certain definition of efficient here is Pareto efficiency. In your simplified case of perfect information, in a free market when there is a trade such that both partners would benefit, that trade will happen, leading to a Pareto efficiency. That is a micro level efficiency-- what you are talking about is a global efficiency-- each individual manufacturer is efficient, but the global system would be more efficient if there were only one.

    This is absurd of course. Nobody has perfect information and nobody would distribute their profits, but it does illustrate the limits of the model.

    I said a micro level efficiency-- what you are talking about here is a global efficiency-- each individual manufacturer is efficient, but the global system would be more efficient if there were only one.

    It is important to note, though, that a free market is not Pareto efficient even on the micro level in the case of monopolies (nor with increasing returns to scale, although increasing returns to scale tends to lead to monopoly, so these are not completely different).

    This also shows how Socialism can become more efficient than Capitalism in some cases. The government can become the lowest cost supplier, set the price it thinks should be the market price, then divide profits amongst everyone. This saves on capital, because production infrastructure is built once rather than 100 times.

    In practice this does not work for similar reasons to the reason that monopolies are not Pareto efficient. As a monopoly, the government has no incentive to be efficient in any way; in fact, without competition, they have reasons to be inefficient (in the economic sense of inefficient). For example, they would rather use more labor to produce a good than less, since that employs more people (and since they're a monopoly, they can raise the price and still sell product).

    The other problem here is the question: who decides? What mechanism urges the people who decide to make the right decisions?

    Doing this properly is extremely hard of course, which is why we don't see many successful Socialist countries.

    Not merely hard, but arguably impossible. A top-down decision structure in a system with no competition has no driver toward efficiency at all, not to mention no driver toward innovation. In fact, it does not even have a good mechanism for noticing that it is inefficient.

    1. Re:Socialism, like Monopoly, is inefficient by djinn6 · · Score: 1

      Don't get me wrong, I'm not disagreeing with you, merely pointing out that the definition of efficiency commonly used in micro economics is not the same as an ordinary person's.

      As far as Socialism goes, it does work in the short term, because everyone involved is ideologically motivated to make the new socialist state a success. This is why you see the USSR quickly catching up to the US after WWII, despite being a war-ravaged nation; or how China is still far ahead of India, despite having a pure Socialist economy until 1978. Over time, however, ideology gives way to greed and self-interest, and the bureaucrats start optimizing for themselves instead of the nation as a whole.

      Though with the advance of AI, I think we will arrive at a point where we can build intelligent, non-self-interested actors. I wonder what the economy will look like when that happens?