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Australian Autonomous Train is Being Called The 'World's Largest Robot' (sciencealert.com)

schwit1 shares a report: Mining corporation Rio Tinto says that an autonomous rail system called AutoHaul that it's been developing in the remote Pilbara region of Australia for several years is now entirely operational -- an accomplishment the company says makes the system the "world's largest robot." "It's been a challenging journey to automate a rail network of this size and scale in a remote location like the Pilbara," Rio Tinto's managing director Ivan Vella told the Sydney Morning Herald, "but early results indicate significant potential to improve productivity, providing increased system flexibility and reducing bottlenecks." The ore-hauling train is just one part of an ambitious automation project involving robotics and driverless vehicles that Rio Tinto wants to use to automate its mining operations. The company conducted its first test of the train without a human on board last year, and it now claims that the system has completed more than a million kilometers (620,000 miles) of autonomous travel.

135 comments

  1. We have replaced the drivers with robots by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Now time to replace the passengers with robots as well

    1. Re: We have replaced the drivers with robots by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's a ore hauling system... calling them passengers would be... I guess ore is what will eventually replace the robots that replaced us.

    2. Re:We have replaced the drivers with robots by arglebargle_xiv · · Score: 1

      How long before the Beckett gang tries to hijack Rio Tinoto's new conveyex?

  2. AutoHaul? by Red_Forman · · Score: 1

    Mining corporation Rio Tinto says that an autonomous rail system called AutoHaul that it's been developing in the remote Pilbara region of Australia for several years is now entirely operational.

    And it has a built-in autonomous washing system called AutoWash, though the engineers refer to it as "Leeloominaï Lekatariba Lamina-Tchaï Ekbat De Sebat" for some reason.

    1. Re:AutoHaul? by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 0

      Damn you, Forman! You stole the joke I wanted to write!

      --
      #DeleteFacebook
  3. Why is everything a robot? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    To me, a âoerobotâ should need to be anthropomorphic in some way. Otherwise itâ(TM)s just a machine.

    1. Re:Why is everything a robot? by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      Why is everything a robot? Because we've entered the future where they are becoming ubiquitous. This train is far more autonomous than the pre-programmed "robot" arms of the 1960s.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    2. Re:Why is everything a robot? by Sique · · Score: 3, Informative
      Actually, the term robot is much older and can be traced back to the czech author Karel apek and his 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). The czech term roboti means "workers" or "slaves".

      Everything else is just semantics. Do a mechanical robot have to look like a human, or is it enough if the robot autonomously does the job he was designed for?

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
    3. Re:Why is everything a robot? by Sique · · Score: 1

      Sorry. Slashcode ate the C with the hacek on it.

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
    4. Re: Why is everything a robot? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A humanoid robot is called an Android.

    5. Re:Why is everything a robot? by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      Yeah, if you want to go back to origins, his "robots" were artificial biological life forms engineered to serve humanity - so we have no robots by that definition.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    6. Re:Why is everything a robot? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      That is because you don't understand the definition of Robot! your own personal definition doesn't make the original incorrect.

    7. Re:Why is everything a robot? by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      Rabota is the Slavic root for 'work' in general.

    8. Re:Why is everything a robot? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Perhaps you should read a bit about the history of the term "robot?"

    9. Re:Why is everything a robot? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Apek's robot looked like a human (because it was one) but the first real robots in the 1940s were basically clunky Roombas and CNC machines.

      "Android" is an even older term that specifically refers to more or less human-appearing robots. Wikipedia notes that the first known use of the term was describing a wooden toy that looks like Pinocchio riding a bicycle.

  4. The Dark Tower... by The+Original+CDR · · Score: 1
    1. Re:The Dark Tower... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You beat me to it.

    2. Re:The Dark Tower... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Man this comment makes so much sense and has so much to do with the rest of the story.
      Fuck a home run !!! With skills like this you should be working at huff post or breitbart

    3. Re:The Dark Tower... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Happy New Year and may 2019 bring you thousands of views!

    4. Re:The Dark Tower... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd really love it if you shared your entire creimer copypasta collection. You should put it on pastebin and then archive.is the google cache of it.
      I always enjoy creimer's bad verbing of the word pastebin so hopefully this gets him excited.

  5. Like a train on Mars by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is the low-hanging fruit of the automation tree. The rail network for these ore trains might as well be on Mars. Very little risk mitigation needs to take place on a well-built rail network free of grade crossings and hauling only one commodity.

    1. Re:Like a train on Mars by umghhh · · Score: 1

      If the train AI is really intelligent somebody surely will suit for real cruelty - this much boredom etc.

  6. Why is biggest interesting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I'd be more impressed if it was the smartest. But that's probably harder to prove.

    And it's a train, right? On rails? So it does't even have to steer. Just start and stop and the right places.

    1. Re:Why is biggest interesting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The autonomous dump trucks would be far more technologically challenging than autonomous trains (which are literally on rails), you'd think. Why did it take so long to automate a freaking train?

    2. Re: Why is biggest interesting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It was designed by men. Men like to make a point about large stuff.

  7. "challenging"? by DogDude · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What the hell is so challenging about automating trains? I can't believe train conductors are still a thing, and they're still crashing trains. What's simpler to automate than a train? The tracks are fixed. There are very few tracks or trains in any system. The trains can only go two directions on the tracks. Why aren't all trains automated by now?

    --
    I don't respond to AC's.
    1. Re:"challenging"? by b0s0z0ku · · Score: 1

      Nit to pick: "Conductor" is the person opening the doors and taking tickets, or "managing" a freight train. "Driver", "engineer", or "motorman" is the person actually driving the thing.

      As far as automation, it doesn't hurt to have a set of eyes out front if there's a person on the tracks or a car about to get stuck in a level crossing.

    2. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Driving a train is literally just "speed up" and "slow down". That's it. Why is taking so long to automate train drivers away?

    3. Re:"challenging"? by schwit1 · · Score: 1

      Unions, from the original Article
      "The Autohaul program has drawn the ire of unions worried about its impact on train driver jobs but the company said it had not made any forced redundancies and did not expect to make any in 2019."

    4. Re:"challenging"? by Nkwe · · Score: 1

      Driving a train is literally just "speed up" and "slow down". That's it. Why is taking so long to automate train drivers away?

      It's knowing when to speed up and more importantly slow down. It's detecting that there is something on the tracks that shouldn't be (and slowing down if so.) Granted obstacle detection is likely simpler than for a car, since the train follows a limited path and you don't need near as many "maps" that define what "normal" is as you would for automobile automation, but you still need to detect if you should perform an unscheduled stop. Driving a train also involves monitoring the mechanical performance - reporting problems (and maybe stopping the train) if there are issues with the engine or breaks. A human driver would notice the sound and maybe feel the vibrations caused by a stuck break, broken coupling, or various engine problems. I am not saying that automation could not include audio, force, and vibration monitoring, but they are not necessarily trivial, and are more than just speeding up and slowing down at preset points along the route.

    5. Re:"challenging"? by Mr307 · · Score: 1

      A sensor breaks down or just reports wrong values somewhere or some 'simple' logic in the programming doesn't cover an infinite number of 'unforeseeable circumstances' the new better and cheaper than a human robot will cause an accident as well.

      This is nothing new in engineering, human failures in imagination have caused innumerable disasters over history

      Cue someone coming in and blithely saying 'but bounds checking and error control you eediot11!!', and the answer is you cannot foresee all the possibilities, its not a controlled lab, even then surprising problems can arise that were not even considered in planning.

      Yes yes 99.99% of it will be ironed out, and I have no doubt it will be very reliable but an accident will still happen where human interaction could have prevented it.

    6. Re:"challenging"? by Mr307 · · Score: 1

      Was just thinking about this some more, and I dont know if the average commercial or custom robot control system is hardened to external bit shifts, that happens often enough to be a worry.

    7. Re: "challenging"? by orlanz · · Score: 1

      Because it's the real world, that's why.

      People fear automation as the next big thing that will take their jobs. But it isn't. It's been the thing that can take their jobs for atleast the last 50 years. It just hasn't for non-technical reasons. Technical ability has the most say in why something isn't automated but the least say in why something IS automated.

      When I audit business processes, I see atleast 3/5 positions or stages that could have been replaced by automation 10-20 years ago.

      Forget my personal experience, just look at something as common, standard, and ancient as "construction". You will see a various levels of automation across the world. Things that have been automated decades ago in one part of the world are still manual in another.

      Why something isn't automated is a combination of various reasons. Some of which are societal aversion/fear, risk of change, inability to commit, economic instability, lack of resources, expense to humanize, loss of (social) power, unreal expectations, etc. And that's ignoring all the obvious reasons not to automate; no money, no local knowledge, cheaper labor, laws & regulations, number of requirements, etc.

      The story here isn't what specifically was automated, but how big of an operation was automated. It's news worthy because the scale of the operation & the size of the economic impact can be easily grasped by the common man. Doesn't hurt that it can be cheaply headlined about the largest robot; stirring all kinds of visuals in the human imagination.

    8. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Which is why even in heavily automated systems you still have humans monitoring. For a train system you would likely have audio, video and vehicle statistics being routed to a central control center. If anything goes wrong that the systems don't recognize a human hits an emergency stop button. This saves on labor costs, as you can have a handful of people monitoring dozens of automated systems. It can even have some safety improvements as it increases the number of eyes on any one particular incident and usually has more extensive fail-safes.

    9. Re:"challenging"? by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Trains can't actually stop for stuff on the tracks. They stop too slowly. They stop after hitting something regardless of when you start applying the brakes. They have to stop so the authorities can do the required investigation, but the stopping distance/reaction time rarely matters.

      Knowing when to speed up and slow down is done by reading the speed signs along the route, and hopefully following them. Accidents happen because they were ignoring the signs; either due to being macho assholes, or being distracted.

      Computers are hard to distract, and are rarely programmed to be macho.

    10. Re:"challenging"? by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      the answer is you cannot foresee all the possibilities, its not a controlled lab, even then surprising problems can arise that were not even considered in planning.

      There is nothing you can do about possibilities that were unforeseen. Trains don't react fast enough for that to even be a thing. You would absolutely need planning for the human in the train to be able to do anything to solve some sort of problem.

    11. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The only thing that is important is that it is more functional than a human at the same job. Machines still have manufacturing errors, breakdown etc but getting beyond the manufacturing capacity of meat bags is easy.

      Super easy with limited conditions.

      That's why all the high scale manufacturing jobs are dwindling.

    12. Re:"challenging"? by Mr307 · · Score: 1

      the answer is you cannot foresee all the possibilities, its not a controlled lab, even then surprising problems can arise that were not even considered in planning.

      There is nothing you can do about possibilities that were unforeseen. Trains don't react fast enough for that to even be a thing. You would absolutely need planning for the human in the train to be able to do anything to solve some sort of problem.

      And I consider that a perfect example of lack of imagination, you are suggesting that there is 'nothing ever' that could be done? Certainly if it was the best robot 'AI' today then I agree, but a human can do orders of magnitude more than the best AI today let alone a good expert system robot.
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    13. Re: "challenging"? by Chris+Mattern · · Score: 1

      People fear automation as the next big thing that will take their jobs. But it isn't. It's been the thing that can take their jobs for atleast the last 50 years.

      Try 250 years. Used to be almost everybody worked in agriculture, because that was the only way mankind could feed itself, and even then it wasn't enough now and then. Farm machinery eliminated the vast majority of those jobs, making it so that only a small percentage of the population could easily keep the rest fed. (yes, there are still famines, but they can always be traced back to political problems keeping agriculture or distribution from working properly. The world easily makes enough food to keep everyone well fed. While doomsayers hold forth the possibility of future food shortages because of environmental problems and may be right, the world makes plenty of food right now)

    14. Re:"challenging"? by b0s0z0ku · · Score: 3, Informative

      If the train slows down even by 25%, kinetic energy is approximately halved. Also, slowing down even a bit might give whatever is on the tracks more time to move out of the way.

    15. Re: "challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Serious lack life experience. Virtually nothing in construction is automated anywhere on the planet for the same reason surgery isn't automated: each job and each environment is custom.

      You strike me as one of those business contractors that come in and create change for the sake of billable hours then leave. Six months later it's back to the way it was when everyone realizes the contractor was full of shit and things were the way they were for good reason.

      People are lazy. People try to make their job easier. Business process auditors are useless to anyone but gifting beyond creating justification for what management wanted to do anyway.

    16. Re:"challenging"? by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      What the hell is so challenging about automating trains?

      The effect of failure causes an immediate and very high risk to safety and lives. Especially an iron ore train. Rio Tinto's competitor BHP has only recently shown what needed to be done when a the automation fails: https://www.abc.net.au/news/20... After forcing the train to derail the result was 1.5km of damaged railway and a huge mess to clean up, combined with a lot of luck that in this remote part of Australia it's possible to derail a train without injuring people.

      There are many automation projects for trains. They almost always represent short loop runs without any complicated network logic to manage. e.g. Paris Metro line 14.

    17. Re:"challenging"? by gravewax · · Score: 1

      These are Ore trains weighing upwards of 30,000 tonnes. No driver can stop that in time regardless of what they see on the track.

    18. Re:"challenging"? by gravewax · · Score: 1

      far more likely for an automated system whose concentration doesn't lapse over long hours of monotonous travel and who can monitor hundreds of items independently to react faster when needed.

    19. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A human could spot someone tied to the tracks ahead. There is still fuck all they can do about it. These trains have stopping distances in IDEAL conditions over 1000+ metres, by the time you see anything it either will move out of the way or you WILL hit it. This is the inherent problem with human drivers, their vision, hearing and reaction time even when perfect mean diddly squat when sitting in a 50 thousand ton slow moving bullet, the trigger has been pulled you just have to hope others have cleared the way. for distances of less than a kilometre the driver is purely a passenger.

    20. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      These trains take a couple of kilometers to stop. The obstruction would still be well outside of visual range before you wash off 25%.

    21. Re:"challenging"? by aberglas · · Score: 1

      An object weighing gigatons has gigatons of weight on its wheels to help it stop, assuming that it has decent brakes on each axel. It is not harder or easier for a big object to stop than a small one.

      Now, a faster object is quite a different matter. Ships are a bit different due to the nature of their friction.

    22. Re:"challenging"? by Mr307 · · Score: 1

      Again, complete lack of imagination, the fact that you can put forward of 1 scenario out of an infinite supply of them is nonsense, the point of what i'm saying is that a human is much more capable of handling random problems, certainly we can get robotic control to some number of 9's, for the routine operation 99.99% who knows but something out of the ordinary happens 1/10000 then the computer at best can just brake, report a failure and stop.

      And pay attention, i'm not arguing against computer controlled trains, just that its far from the trivial 'challenging?' the OP started with, thats all.

    23. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What's so challenging about automating a train network that sees a 1.5 mile-long train carrying 40,000 tons departing every 20 minutes, 24 hours a day?

      I don't know, but perhaps you can tell us why it's a lot simpler than taking five years and over half a billion US dollars?

    24. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Brakes don't work by applying weight to the axles, you know that right?

    25. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      go back to first grade maths. Learn about mass and braking and surface area. Hint, they are restricted to the surface area touching the tracks to brake, when you have 30,000 tons of momentum you aren't stopping as fast as a train with 1 ton no matter how mazing your fairy land physics is.

    26. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The amusing part of your comment is saying ships are different, It is the same fucking problem. The friction between the train wheels and track is limited and therefore the amount of braking you can apply is also limited as mass and momentum increases so does the distance for braking as the surface area between the tracks and wheels does not change with weight.

    27. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I could put forward a million. How about you provide even one good example where a person could do something that an automation system which is remotely monitored couldn't? We are not talking about a car here, The ability of the train or the driver to do anything is limited to send a signal, brake or accelerate, their is not much else that is possible, you can't turn, you can't yell out ahead, you can't make a decision based on something you see as by the time you see it it is already too late. So go ahead provide some counter examples.

    28. Re:"challenging"? by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      Why aren't all trains automated by now?

      Your question is a microcosm for all the idiocy behind the self-driving push.

      By the way, the answer to your [rhetorically-intended] question is "Exactly."

    29. Re: "challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Automation in construction: trucks, cranes, electric drills, computers doing calculations, There is a a lot of automation in construction.

    30. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Standard procedure for a train when they see something on the tracks that shouldn't be there, like a person or cow.

      1. Hit the breaks
      2. Pull down the blinds so you can't see out the window

      A fully loaded coal train takes kilometers to stop, hitting the breaks has zero effect on the collision outcome, both measures are there to help the mental health of the driver post-event.

    31. Re:"challenging"? by onkelonkel · · Score: 2

      You don't actually know anything about trains, and talking based on intuition isn't working. Big freight trains have ridiculously long stopping distances. A 20k ton ore train will need damn near 2 miles to stop from 55 mph on level ground. The notion that a train driver could see something on the tracks and stop or even slow down enough to make a difference is entirely incorrect. A stuck brake (spelling matters) is not going to make vibrations that a driver can feel. A broken coupling will cause the train to separate, followed immediately by the train (air brake) line separating, followed thereafter by the train stopping as the pressure in the brake line drops to zero and all the brakes come on. Engines and also generator/alternators and traction motors are already instrumented and alarmed, and an automated system can be programmed to handle most faults.

      --
      None of them can see the clouds; The polished wings don't care.
    32. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah, the good ol' argument of "But the [insert super improbable edge case that any competent system builder can easily defend against]!". From technical perspective it's nonsense, there is nothing about running a train that hasn't been solved thousand times over before. Can you even comprehend how many safety critical systems are being built every damn day? All these challenges have been met and solved before. No, the real difficulty in making any novel safety critical system is in convincing politicians and management types that the engineers really do know what they are doing. Well, unless you are dealing with Uber, in which case maybe the engineers don't know what the heck they are doing and the concern is justified.

    33. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A human might react better, but it rarely works in practice. Human factor causes far more safety problems than it solves. Almost universally, the safest course of action is to stop whatever you are doing and bring everything to a halt, properly designed safety systems execute that task flawlessly, every damn time. Humans are crap at doing that, they fail all the time and do something stupid instead. Later on there are excuses, "I thought it was ok", "I didn't know", "I didn't react fast enough", "I didn't notice", "Oops, wrong button" etc etc.

    34. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If the machine is critical, of course. Also the tech controlling it is usually a few generations older so the rate of bitflips is lower.

    35. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Again, complete lack of imagination, the fact that you can put forward of 1 scenario out of an infinite supply of them is nonsense, the point of what i'm saying is that a human is much more capable of handling random problems....

      You're lack of imagination is the boundary of possible actions that can be taken by who/whatever is controlling the train. Accelerate/decelerate, call for help, and - if human - abandon the train.

      The only time I can potentially see a human making a positive difference is if there is a fire in the control room. I'm sure this has already been thought of however by the RT engineers.

    36. Re: "challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Assuming the machine is as good as a person at recognising the situation. Which is extremely generous.

    37. Re: "challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That depends on the weight per contact area, not the total weight. There is no reason why a 30k tonne train needs stop any slower than a smaller train as long as the ratio is equal.

    38. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Brakes don't, but tires do. And tire traction is why trains have such poor braking.

    39. Re: "challenging"? by gravewax · · Score: 1

      A person is limited by their vision and hearing. anything in earshot or visual range of a human is already to close to be stopped for, their simply isn't time. I would much prefer a robot/computer in those situations as they would have a chance to detect the situation long before a human could and certainly react faster. The reality is on a train you really have only 3 things you can do, slow down/stop (can take a few kilometres to do), speed up or send a signal.

    40. Re: "challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      There are actually a shit load of reasons. obviously a fully loaded train brakes massively differently to an unloaded one, but I am assuming you mean length providing the difference in weight. Braking between carriages will not be uniform/consistent due to a range of factors (wear/heat/weight distribution etc), this results in additional force being transmitted to the other carriages. The more carriages you have the less efficient your brakes becomes thus extending the braking distance. These trains are over 200 carriages long and braking is a well planned exercise over many kilometres.

    41. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What the hell is so challenging about automating trains? I can't believe train conductors are still a thing, and they're still crashing trains. What's simpler to automate than a train? The tracks are fixed. There are very few tracks or trains in any system. The trains can only go two directions on the tracks. Why aren't all trains automated by now?

      I agree.. the trouble is... smart peoples train fetisch... just look at Sheldon... He would never accept the automation of a train

    42. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're mistaken on every point. I suggest you look up "coefficient of friction" and "adhesive weight".

    43. Re:"challenging"? by mjwx · · Score: 1

      What the hell is so challenging about automating trains? I can't believe train conductors are still a thing, and they're still crashing trains. What's simpler to automate than a train? The tracks are fixed. There are very few tracks or trains in any system. The trains can only go two directions on the tracks. Why aren't all trains automated by now?

      One crashed earlier this year.

      Having lived up there the challenge is in both the distance they have to travel, the sheer length and weight of the train as well as the method of loading.

      The trains are travelling through the most inhospitable places on earth. Unlike most other automated trains these are not well fenced in self contained units within easy reach of a control team. The trains will travel 400+ KM though areas that can get in excess of 40 degrees in the day and can have a temperature variance of 30 degrees between night an day. That tends to have quite and effect on iron rails. Beyond this, you have the Australian wildlife. Kangaroo's are common up there, imagine a moose that stands upright, jumps and is easily spooked.

      The trains in question are 200-300 ore cars pulled by up to 9 locomotives (3 is typical for the Rio Tinto trains). The cargo weighs in at 25,000 tons and they easily exceed 2 KM in length. They can also take up to 9 KM to stop from their usual speed of around 100 KPH. So you've got a train that weighs over 25,000 tons and is 9 KM long to manage and control.

      Finally, the trains are loaded 1-10 cars at a time depending on how the mine is set up. The train will need to keep track of loaded and unloaded cars. Compared to the previous two, this is really the least challenging to automate but trains often make several stops at different sites.

      --
      Calling someone a "hater" only means you can not rationally rebut their argument.
    44. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      here is nothing you can do about possibilities that were unforeseen. Trains don't react fast enough for that to even be a thing.

      Absolutely untrue in the general case. For example there are branch lines in the UK for example where single-coach trains run over open level crossings with a 10mph limit (e.g. on the approach to Matlock Bath station).
      A human driver can see if there are people approaching the crossing, sound the horn and see if they react, and if not, can actually stop in time if the people cross in front of the train.
      This sort of setup is not uncommon, and it is very difficult to automate because it involves inferring the likely reaction of a person; in practice a automated system would probably be over cautious and stop anytime people were near; the people would take this as an invitation to cross (which it isn't, the train always has right of way) and the train would be delayed; when the footpath is busy the delay could be considerable. Of course you could send large sums on bridges and crossing upgrades to mitigate this but that might well negate any savings from automated driving (e.g. a simple footbridge could cost £1million). Also the branch (as many do) relies on an antiquated (but reliable and entirely adequate for the level of traffic) physical token exchange to ensure only one train on the branch at once, this would need changing to an electronic system for automated driving (start at £10million and go up from there).
      You can easily get the numbers to show that automated trains and all the infrastructure upgrades required to support them would take 100+ years before the saving from not having a driver would outweigh them.

      Also, even on a medium to high speed line, around 100mph, on a straight stretch a driver might well see an obstacle (say) 1 mile ahead and be able to slow down to 60mph which while it wouldn't (for example) prevent a stranded car and its occupants being destroyed, might make the difference between the train derailing (probable passenger deaths) or not (passengers probably uninjured).
      Again, automation could detect the obstacle but unless it is very good it will probably get more false positives than an expert human driver, leading to unpleasant emergency braking experiences and resultant delays.

      Obviously automation is much more practical for e.g. dedicated high-speed lines with no level crossings etc.; recent such lines are typically designed to eventually support full automation.

    45. Re:"challenging"? by geoscodin · · Score: 1

      I agree with having an extra set of eyes, but typically a car stuck on the tracks is going to be hit simply because of how long it takes to stop a train, The average freight train is about 1 to 1.25 miles in length (90 to 120 rail cars). When it's moving at 55 MPH, it can take a mile or more to stop after the locomotive engineer fully applies the emergency brake. An 8-car passenger train moving at 80 MPH needs about a mile to stop.

    46. Re:"challenging"? by jbengt · · Score: 1

      Conductors do more than collect tickets and open and close doors. They're responsible for safety. For example, when our commuter train comes to a dysfunctional crossing gate (stuck open) we can't pass, but the conductor will get out, close the crossing gate by hande, the train will pass and stop, the conductor will open the gate and get back on. Conductors will also inspect brakes, etc.
      Also, engineers do more than starting and stopping the train. Traditionally, they're responsible for taking care of the engine and other mechanical issues in the locomotive.
      There are also more people involved, such as the dispatchers that are responsible for positions of the switches & schedules and keeping trains from colliding.
      That said, it does seem that the actual starting, stopping, and switching of the train could be automated relatively easily.

    47. Re:"challenging"? by jbengt · · Score: 1

      Driving a train is literally just "speed up" and "slow down".

      Said the Slashdot AC suffering from the Dunning-Kruger effect.

    48. Re:"challenging"? by jbengt · · Score: 1
      . . . there is nothing about running a train that hasn't been solved thousand times over before. Can you even comprehend how many safety critical systems are being built every damn day?

      Yes, this has all been worked out before, and there are still train crashes and derailments. And now you want to start almost from scratch and redesign all the safety critical systems for trains to be fully automatic with no human intervention, and you think that will automatically solve problems that cause crashes and derailments.

    49. Re:"challenging"? by CanadianMacFan · · Score: 1

      But you won't have engineers exceeding the speed limit causing the train to derail such as this one where the train was going 80 mph in a 30 mph zone.

    50. Re:"challenging"? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Most safety critical systems on trains ARE fully automatic.

      About 75% of train accidents are due to human error. The situation is similar with aircraft.

    51. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Boy you're smart! Smarter than an entire industy...

      Seriously? Trains are heavy. Open your mind and start there.

    52. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Adhesive weight applies to the pull of a locomotive retard not braking.

    53. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Since braking relies on adhesion just as much as acceleration does, braking is just as affected by adhesive weight as tractive effort is. A difference only arises when the number of driven axles differs from the braked axles. When all axles are braked (such as on a fully fitted train), all of the train's weight is adhesive under braking and that weight cancels out the mass of the thing. Before you call me a "retard", do make sure you're not talking out of your arse.

    54. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No it isn't, Adhesive weight refers to the turning force you can apply to the wheels before spinning and is used to calculate how many locomotives you need to pull a train of given weight. Braking is completely separate to that and operates on a carriage by carriage basis and is determined by the frictional force between the wheels and the tracks, similar yes but not the same.

    55. Re:"challenging"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      similar yes but not the same.

      Different, in that acceleration and braking (possibly) operate on a different set of axles. Which I already mentioned. Obviously, the weight of the unpowered wagons does not contribute to the adhesive weight for starting the train.

      The point that so many here are missing is that more weight on the (braked) axles does improve adhesion, and thus improves braking, therefore a fully fitted train need not have a worse braking distance just because it is heavy.

  8. Better metrics needed by Nkwe · · Score: 3, Insightful

    While a million automated kilometers (of automated operation) may sound impressive in a headline, I doubt that the statistic really means anything. For a train running on a track, the distance traveled isn't very interesting, particularly if the track runs through the middle of nowhere. I would think statistics on numbers of automation decisions made would be more useful, particularly decisions that would have otherwise been made by a human operator. Perhaps statistics on number of grade crossings (where roads cross the tracks) traversed; counts on how many times the train sounded the warning horn, slowed down or stopped, because there were animals or people on the tracks; statistics on how the automation handled other abnormal events such as sticking breaks, loss of cargo, or other mechanical failures.

    1. Re:Better metrics needed by guruevi · · Score: 1

      A robot operator does all that a lot better. Detecting obstructions and mechanical failures is a lot better with the right sensors. And even so, for a train it doesn't matter much what is on the tracks, by the time it's detected it's probably too late.

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    2. Re:Better metrics needed by Nkwe · · Score: 1

      A robot operator does all that a lot better. Detecting obstructions and mechanical failures is a lot better with the right sensors. And even so, for a train it doesn't matter much what is on the tracks, by the time it's detected it's probably too late.

      I don't disagree. My point is that to make the argument for automation, more meaningful statistics should be used.

  9. Big deal by rsilvergun · · Score: 1

    does it have beam sabres?

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  10. Important Details by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    This company has 400(!) train drivers with some making $240,000/Yr.(!)

    They claim to have not let anyone go(forced redundancies), yet. But, no company is going to continue paying $50million per year if they don't have to.

    I'm amazed that a train driver(engineer) is paid so much. I'm amazed that they have 400 drivers for 200 trains.

    I'm wondering how people will find 400 such highly paid jobs in the near future and forever after.

    1. Re:Important Details by VeryFluffyBunny · · Score: 1

      That's $170,000 USD & what that's worth depends on where you live. Also, bear in mind that the drivers/engineers spend a lot of time on trains travelling through the Australian outback. I bet it's a boring, lonely, & highly-skilled job. At least if you work on an oil-rig at sea, you have a large-ish crew, entertainment, cafeteria, etc.. I can't imagine the trains are very well equipped.

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    2. Re:Important Details by AbRASiON · · Score: 1

      RIO Tinto does mining almost in the middle of nowhere, true dessert / wilderness stuff. The trek is probably at least 2 days if not 3 or 4 solid to get back to civilisation.

      These guys with a little upskilling will be able to do a 'normal' train driver job (again?) which may be a downgrade of a full 50%, but it's still high paying work.
      With the insanely off the chart, ridiculous immigration ponzi Australia is running, surely the major cities are hiring more and more train drivers? Right?.... Surely...

    3. Re:Important Details by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      true dessert / wilderness stuff.

      Sweet!

    4. Re:Important Details by gravewax · · Score: 1

      $50 million is only a part of what it costs them. many are FIFO workers, they have flight and accommodation costs as well as all the training, you are probably looking at 75-100million a year.

    5. Re:Important Details by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      These trains haul around 40,000 tons and take on average over three days to make their roundtrip journey from the mine to the port. There's a train departing about every 20 minutes, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. That's why they had so many drivers.

    6. Re:Important Details by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's not as much as it sounds. First of all, a standard working day is 12 hours for 24 days straight a month without public holidays, which is a lot more hours than most of us lazy arses work. Second, there are several tiers of management for 400 staff and the figure quoted will be for the top tier, not the average guy driving the train. Third, once your 12 hour shift finishes you don't get to go home, you are still in the middle of frikkin nowhere, so it's kind of like being on call 24/7. It's a good way to get ahead, do that for a few years but it's not a real life.

    7. Re:Important Details by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I used to work for rio and yes, the desserts were awesome. Friday roasts were a treat too.

  11. Unions ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because the union contract specifies a quarter of a million dollars a year and 5 people to do the job that a $100K computer can do.

    1. Re:Unions ... by arglebargle_xiv · · Score: 3, Informative

      You may be joking with that comment, but with Australian unions this could actually be the case. For example Boeing had to redesign the two-man cockpits on their 767s to contain an unnecessary third person because the Australian unions demanded it, the only three-man 767 cockpits ever shipped.

  12. I think I read the ending to this by Urinal+Pube · · Score: 1

    Have they named it Blaine yet?

    1. Re:I think I read the ending to this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only if the Mono goes to Topeka Kansas.

  13. Meanwhile Our Governments... by mschwanke97402 · · Score: 0

    Seem to be just fine with multi-billion corporations saving a few million a year in labor costs so as to line management and investor pockets with just that little bit more. Government can to pick up the tab in increased welfare costs. Oops, after tax cuts to the wealthy we handed out last year, we just can't seem to afford to fully fund social services this year.

    1. Re:Meanwhile Our Governments... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      of course they would be fine with it, as they should be. They are a fucking company not a welfare service, and that few million would be close to 100 million a year. If anything the people to point the finger at here are the unions that drove up the pay and conditions for this type of job to insane levels that made it economically smart to look to replace humans.

  14. Automated Driving to the Aussies by fluffernutter · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It's kind of funny. While American companies fuss with the uphill battle and endless stream of edge cases that self-driving represents, the Australians will be collecting reams of useful test data because it is a case that is fully realizable and profitable. Seems they are more interested in building on top of demonstrable successes rather than making empty promises.

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    1. Re:Automated Driving to the Aussies by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Automating trains takes jobs away from real people. Is that what you want? To kill jobs?

    2. Re:Automated Driving to the Aussies by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      What are you talking about. There's a world of difference between autonomous cars making a decision on the go on public roads, and a set of carriages able to chose between going forwards or backwards along a 1700km of straight tracks with a couple of privately controlled and operated intersections.

    3. Re:Automated Driving to the Aussies by fluffernutter · · Score: 1

      Exactly. A train has a reasonably digestible subset of basic AI that a car would need. Get that right first and you're well on your way to going onto, maybe a bus on a closed track, then a bus on an open track, then self driving cars.

      Putting it another way, painting the Mona Lisa won't make you Leonardo Di Vinci. You have to start with the basics and work up.

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    4. Re:Automated Driving to the Aussies by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      And just when should good old Leo stop playing with his basics? We have fully autonomous rail systems all over the world and have had so for many years.

  15. Not quite ready for prime time by BeaverCleaver · · Score: 3, Informative

    A "semi autonomous" large ore train had to be deliberately derailed in November, because it was actually less destructive than letting it continue driving and come close to the "real" rail network or civilisation.
    More info at https://www.abc.net.au/news/20...

    So it's probably too early to claim success for autonomous trains, even though, as stated by earlier posters above, an autonomous train in the outback is a much easier challenge than one in the city. Far fewer level crossings, obstacles or pedestrians.

    1. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by OzPeter · · Score: 3, Insightful

      A "semi autonomous" large ore train had to be deliberately derailed in November, because it was actually less destructive than letting it continue driving and come close to the "real" rail network or civilisation.
      More info at https://www.abc.net.au/news/20...

      So it's probably too early to claim success for autonomous trains, even though, as stated by earlier posters above, an autonomous train in the outback is a much easier challenge than one in the city. Far fewer level crossings, obstacles or pedestrians.

      Where in that article does it even mention semi-autonomous? The article talks bout a driver getting out of the cab and the train taking off. Nothing to do with the Rio Tinto trains.

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    2. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by gravewax · · Score: 1

      That was a HUMAN driven train and the incident seems to have resulted from HUMAN error though the investigation is still underway. If anything this proves the need for this system, humans make mistakes.

    3. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think the OP may have meant to refer to this incident of a train that was being controlled remotely instead
      Out-of-control driverless train deliberately derailed in Devonport, two pedestrians injured

      "TasRail operators were forced to deliberately derail an out-of-control driverless freight train in Devonport, sending it crashing through a fence with debris hitting two pedestrians."

      Runaway, driverless train failed to respond to emergency stop attempt, interim report finds
      The driver attempted to realign the wagons by selecting reverse on the remote control. However, the train was unresponsive.
      The driver tried unsuccessfully to reset the remote control equipment, and was about to walk to the lead locomotive when the train began rolling away towards Devonport.

      And no, I don't know why there should be two ore train derailment in two months in Australia. (which was probably why the OP got them mixed up).

    4. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by BeaverCleaver · · Score: 1

      OP here. Yes, that might have been where I got mixed up. I guess you could say the BHP crash was remotely instigated, although the original reason it had to be crashed at all was human (driver) error.

    5. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your description implies the locomotive was controlled by by a human using a remote radio control. Something like this Metra, Greater Chicago's Communter Rail Service Utilizes Telemotive Radio Controls in Their Maintenance Shop to Keep Trains and Passengers on Time. I have no information that implies this vendors product was involved in this incident.

    6. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by houghi · · Score: 1

      Not sure how it is where you live. I go by train every day from one city to another. There are almost no crossings anymore, because it IS in a civilized world. The crossings that exist and are not able to turn into a bridge or a tunnel are all guearded and if somebody is stupid enough to cross it, the only thing a train driver can do is close his eyes and hoot the horn.

      More crossings are in the middle of nowhere, so out there it would be harder than in towns. The number of crossings is not that relevant. What they need to do is look if something is on the tracks or not. If there is, hoot the horn and break.

      This can be done better by a robot than by a human who would be blinded by the sun or unable to see due to fog or just looking away for a second, because he is a human.

      The speed and what not are already determined by external factors. He is told how fast he is going and where he needs to stop and when he can move on.

      And remember we are talking about a train, not a tram. Stopping for an idiot who ignores lights and crosses right in front of them is not possible. Not by a computer. Not by a human. Just not possible, unless they change the laws of physics.

      One thing where it would be even easier is many closed cirquid(sp?) tracks, like a metro. No idea why they have not yet been all automated yet. Or at least made them remote controlled, so a human can drive 3 or 4 at the same time.

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    7. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      A "semi autonomous" large ore train had to be deliberately derailed in November

      No it didn't. A non-autonomous runaway train with no controls and no driver had to be deliberately derailed in November.

      You're talking about a different project, different track, all run by a completely different company, and better still a completely different topic (autonomous vs driver controlled).

    8. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      BHP crash was remotely instigated

      You can't really say that either from that source. Orchestrated and instigated are two different words. But while they did instigate the crash they had no control over this train what so ever, it was not at all automated. They derailed the train movie style, by switching the tracks while the train was already passing through a junction.

      That's no more semi-autonomous that cars are due to the presence of traffic lights.

    9. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by jbengt · · Score: 1

      The link is for control of cranes in one of Metra's repair shops.
      I ride Metra every day, and they are also one of our biggest clients. I'm pretty sure none of their trains are remote controlled, even in the yards.

    10. Re:Not quite ready for prime time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      All driverless trains today, including the one in TFS, are remotely monitored and controlled. They are not autonomous in the sense of autonomous cars.

      From linked article in TFS
      "The trains are controlled by the company's remote operations centre in Perth."
      "Autohaul locomotives are fitted with on-board cameras that are constantly monitored from the operations centre."

      The train in the story is no more or less autonomous than the train that derailed in Tasmania.

  16. Re:Not the largest.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    nope, it's her Sybian.

  17. Is it cheaper to derail the occasional train by rsilvergun · · Score: 1

    than pay conductors? Then it's ready for prime time.

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  18. The future aint what it used to be by aberglas · · Score: 1

    Machines traditionally only replaced very repetitive jobs. But over the next 50 years they are going to become much smarter.

    Sure, over the next 20 years most of the truck drivers etc. will find some sort of underpaid work elsewhere. But over the next 50 there will be very little unskilled work.

    But, as per Parkinson, bureaucracies will grow and grow to take up the slack from those with mediocre intelligence.

    And then, maybe in 200 years, computers will be able to program themselves, and will no longer need hungry humans to help them.

  19. Also it's the first useful blockchain by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Transports blocks of passenger in a chain, can only add, not remove (otherwise its a split i.e. two blockchains). Also usually issues its own tockens, called tickets.

  20. Remote, yes, Robot, no. by os2fan · · Score: 2

    The trains are being drive remotely, rather like the London Tube trains have been for years. There's still someone at the controls, but no one on the footplate. This means you can change staff half-way through a trip, without requiring a staff-car attached.

    Given that in the news too, is where BHP derailed a train that ran away from the driver (who was inspecting the train), they used remote signalling control to throw a set of points and run it into a passing loop with no escape, it would be interesting. But this is a run-away train, the sort that has happened many times before on suburban networks.

    I imagine that to forfill the full function of the driver, one needs to deal with the likes of hot axle boxes, cracked and broken tyres, and all sorts of other things before it would be fully remote.

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    1. Re:Remote, yes, Robot, no. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The trains are being drive remotely, rather like the London Tube trains have been for years. There's still someone at the controls, but no one on the footplate. This means you can change staff half-way through a trip, without requiring a staff-car attached.

      As someone with intimate knowledge of this project I can confirm that are not being driven remotely. All decisions about control of the train is done in real time on the train, without any remote connection required. These trains operate without any people on them, when a trip is done in the Autonomous mode. The trains at Rio have never operated with any staff-cars either. Staff-cars are not used in most freight operation with some exceptions (cross country trips in Australia do use them, as an example).

    2. Re:Remote, yes, Robot, no. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A staff-car was/is required to be able to change staff? On the London Underground?

      I honestly don't know how they do it or did it on the tube, but hereabouts there are staff rooms at a couple of stops where the drivers can take their breaks, and hand over the trains to other drivers for the next part of the route. I don't see the need for staff-cars.

      (Last time I was on the tube, some lines still had conductors for opening and closing the doors.)

    3. Re:Remote, yes, Robot, no. by os2fan · · Score: 1

      The Pilbara routes are short enough to do the trip in a day. But runs typically in the 600 mile run get staff-cars. The Westlander and Inlander in Qld run staff-rooms in the van. The main reasons for putting on staff-cars are to be able to close remote engine-sheds, like Charleville and Cloncurry.

      My brother worked coal trains, and they would depending on the company, work to Mooronbah (where quarters were provided), or crew change at points halfway between depots, so in and out of copperbella.,

      It's interesting that AC says that 'decisions about the control of the train are done in real time on the train' and then says 'these trains operate without any people on them'. This sounds like some kind of on-board computer is in place, so what are the people in Perth who oversee all this do?

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    4. Re:Remote, yes, Robot, no. by os2fan · · Score: 1

      The runs on the LU are too short to do staff-changes in this way. It's easier to just have the new crew take over at some station. Most suburbab trains here don't have staff-cars. Staff who are travelling to a point do so in the passenger cars.

      In Australia, there are runs from Melbourne to Darwin, or Sydney to Perth, which are handled by sets of on-board crew, these change at various places where there is no staff-room or even town. Because there are a lot of companies operating, each company would provide its own facilities, and as such one would have a coach behind the engines, where the off-duty crew would ride on.

      The Inlander is a main-line passenger train from Townsville to Mt Isa, of some 600 miles. Mount Isa is the terminus, is an unstaffed halt, so the train-crew do things there too. The journey used to be 24 hours when I travelled on it, and they don't have staff-points along the way.

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  21. Update on the news! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's also being called "not a real robot". By me. Just now. I mean since anybody, without any peer review, can call it what they want and it makes the headlines, my update should make it into the news too, shouldn't it? Example for the editor:

    Update: It is also being called "not a real robot" by anonymous slashdot poster.

  22. The war on miners continues by whitroth · · Score: 1

    All you folks who used to work here? G'day, and don't let the door hit you on the way out. What will you do for a living? Sorry, we don't care about that, that's got nothing to do with ROI for our CEO.

  23. AI Equiv: 620k at 1D desert track = 10m in SF road by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Just statistics twisted for marketing.

    An autonomus train going in a 1 dimensional track in a Wilderness! The complexity of AI there is far far less, so that achievement
      of 620k miles, may be equated to an automomus-car traveling 10 miles in San Francisco highway lowway roads.

    - Train has no steering wheel (1D track)
    - Trains do not need rear-view mirrors/cameras.
    - After certain speed, trains can not stop instantly like cars (inertia), so certain decisions are out.

  24. Those silly drivers... by mykro76 · · Score: 1
    and their odd tendency to get off and inspect the train when they think something may be wrong.

    https://edition.cnn.com/2018/1...

    Solution: get rid of the drivers!