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Does India's Anti-Satellite Missile Test Mean The Weaponization of Space? (reuters.com)

Reuters reports: India expects space debris from its anti-satellite weapons launch to burn out in less than 45 days, its top defense scientist said on Thursday, seeking to allay global concern about fragments hitting objects. The comments came a day after India said it used an indigenously developed ballistic missile interceptor to destroy one of its own satellites at a height of 300 km (186 miles), in a test aimed at boosting its defenses in space.

Critics say such technology, known to be possessed only by the United States, Russia and China, raises the prospect of an arms race in outer space, besides posing a hazard by creating a cloud of fragments that could persist for years. G. Satheesh Reddy, the chief of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation, said a low-altitude military satellite was picked for the test, to reduce the risk of debris left in space.

Space.com shared a reaction from a national security affairs professor at Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. They argued that India's test "likely represents a feeling by other countries, specifically India in this case, that the weaponization of space is forthcoming, and India doesn't want to be left out of the 'have' category if arms-control agreements are eventually reached."

85 comments

  1. India is a typical failed nation. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    India is a typical failed nation.

    New Delhi wastes money on military satellites and nuclear weapons when most Indians live in poverty. By contrast, when Poland was an impoverished nation, Warsaw deliberately refused to spend money on military satellites and nuclear weapons; the Polish government spent most of its resources on economic development.

    Today, India remains economically poor, but Poland is relatively wealthy.

    Among the Russian elites, supporters of Vladimir Putin use India to justify rejecting democracy. They point to the poverty and poor governance in India. They recommend autocratic China as a model for Russian development.

    Get more informatioin about this issue.

    1. Re:India is a typical failed nation. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      yawn, heard this worthless comment one too many times. short sighted fixed mindset blokes often come to this conclusion, they don't realize that space race gave MRI and modern day cell phones when millions of americans can't afford health care. By this fixed mindset logic, US is a failed state too, they spent billions on military while populace cannot afford health care. Today India is earning millions by launching satellites for others. Similar blokes gave similar arguments when India was building its space program.

  2. is this actually confirmed ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because india tends to claim a lot of things, only to turn out not to be true.
    And in all honesty, india has other priorities, like poverty, and substandard hygene. But no , lets pretend to be a high tech country while most of us walk through shit literraly.

    1. Re:is this actually confirmed ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Its a little more complicated than that. India operates under a nominally capitalist economic system. The economy doesn't grow by giving handouts to the unemployable. India has an opportunity to grow into a higher tech industry. But besides investment, corporate leaders, and an educated workforce, sometimes an industry benefits from government pork barrel projects.

      The most famous US pork barrel project was the NASA space program to the Moon. Basically, we had these rocketry aerospace companies like Raytheon that made ICBMs, but there weren't a lot of civilian commercial applications for rockets. So, Kennedy/LBJ throw the industry a bone, by declaring a military-like program to put man on the Moon. The US ends up spending 10% of its gov't budget on the project for the next decade, and aerospace companies got to bid on building the Saturn V, while keeping rocket engineers employed, increased employment pool of NASA workers to raid, and advancing engineering science with program related technological developments like semiconductors.

      What I don't like about the Indian ASAT program is that it appears to be a really shitty waste of money, spending to develop a capability to shoot down satellites. Ignoring the problem of LEO shrapnel caused by satellite destruction, what Indian military threat uses satellites? Not the Chinese (yet). The Pakistanis? ha ha. And what good would those ASATs be when the Chinese put their observation satellites in GEO? The Chinese and Pakistani military can still utilize US, European, & Russian satellites for GPS, and the Indians aren't going to shoot those satellites down.

      They were better off spending the money on modernizing their air force, or if they wanted to stimulate the local engineering economy, they could have focused on upgrading its naval manufacturing capability. Or even start a program to put a Hindu on the Moon. Howabout subsidizing construction of their railway system so they can defend areas like Arunchal Pradesh and Kashmir? But now they can shootdown imaginary satellites of China and actual satellites of the US/Russia/Europe.

  3. Huh? by JaredOfEuropa · · Score: 3, Funny

    Does India's Anti-Satellite Missile Test Mean The Weaponization of Space

    I thought it meant the dawn of a new era of peace, love, reason and understanding. No?

    --
    If construction was anything like programming, an incorrectly fitted lock would bring down the entire building...
    1. Re:Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They're trying! I mean, they've just learned to poo in the LEO, they're only one letter away, right?

    2. Re:Huh? by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      No. That's when the moon is in the seventh house and Jupiter aligns with Mars.

      An easy mistake to make though.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    3. Re: Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Showing your age there hog :p

    4. Re: Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The difference is that the Crusades ended 600 years ago.

      The rape and conquest of Europe and the West continue to this day unabated.

      When white men take over your country it's evil colonialism. When Muslims do it, it's beautiful diversity and multiculturalism.

    5. Re:Huh? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Does India's Anti-Satellite Missile Test Mean The Weaponization of Space

      I thought it meant the dawn of a new era of peace, love, reason and understanding. No?

      It means ugh. I'd love to see their math on how the know the debris will drop out in 45 days. Ohh wait they "expect" it to drop out. These must be smart people that know the pats of all the debris. Killing satellites is actually pretty easy. It is a broad side of the barn type accuracy needed.

      Pretty much if you can get a rocket to orbital velocity and make it go kaboom, you are 90 percent of the way there.

      The utter stupidity of humans amazes me though. The US and the old Soviet Union understood and worked within the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction. China understands this now. Sending up Satellite killers is neither difficult nor smart.

      Our first war in space will be our last one for a long, long time. And it will destroy a lot of things that are very beneficial to everyone, as well as destroy things that are beneficial to the country that thinks it is smart to put a lot of high velocity space debris in orbit.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    6. Re: Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's the best part. There's always that mental castrate who tries to excuse Islam by appealing to the 600 million Westerners for Crusades, yet there's 3 billion non-western people (sum of nations from Chinese to Indians to Slavs to Berbers to Jews to half of black Africa to half of South-East Asia to Southern Europe and more) Islam has to answer to for invading them first, enslaving them, genocides, mass rapes, and leaving them all in stone age development as societies under the Islamic world while the rest of the world advanced. All following the philosophy of Muhammad the author and creator of Islam whose first acts upon inventing this dogshit was to wage over 50 war campaigns, enslave people of all races, put a market price on blacks as beneath all other races as the Hadith reads, marry a prepubescent, and enact one atrocity after another, therefore establishing the rule that Islam must expand through military and terror methods as opposed to word of mouth.
      The two kinds of mental castrate are either dumb white Westerners who don't know shit about anything or any global history, or Muslims trying to deceive the last remaining part of the world where there's people willing to tolerate Muslims, the detached West, as opposed to waging centuries of rebellion and war to kick these pig excrement out after Islam pulled the first knife and made itself unwelcome for the foreseeable future after what the history books write and read for over 3 billion people.

    7. Re:Huh? by Immerman · · Score: 2

      I don't know - it seems to me that an anti-satellite weapon is actually primarily defensive in nature. It's not like you're nuking cities or releasing deadly plagues - there's no survival-threatening fallout from destroying satellites, just a physics-enforced omni-lateral armistice on military (and any other) satellites if debris gets to be a big enough problem.

      It also serves as discouragement against the nations such as the US that have already militarized orbit (spy satellites, GPS), and are quite possibly secretly weaponizing it. The more people who can knock out your military hardware, the less valuable it is.

      What does destroying satellites actually accomplish? You could take out GPS or communications satellites - that would be a nuisance, cause a bit of economic distress, and reduce the enemies battlefield efficiency a bit, but isn't *that* devastating or strategically valuable, and is unlikely to be something anyone would do unless surface hostilities had already begun. It also lets you take out orbital military hardware like spy satellites and weapons platforms - which are the real threat.

      >Oh wait they "expect" it to drop out. These must be smart people that know the pats of all the debris.
      Well, it's not really that hard - so long as you hit the satellite head-on so that none of the debris gets accelerated faster in its orbit, then ANY path the debris takes will put it on an orbit that plunges deeper into the Earth's atmosphere. And, if the missile was going either sub-orbital or counter-orbital, then it won't create any stable debris either.

      Now is that the case? I have no idea. But at worst, it's still not nearly as reckless as putting military resources in space in the first place, so that other countries are required to develop the ability to remove them in order to be able to defend themselves.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    8. Re: Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That was funny because it is true.

    9. Re:Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Does India's Anti-Satellite Missile Test Mean The Weaponization of Space

      I thought it meant the dawn of a new era of peace, love, reason and understanding. No?

      An Anti Satellite device tossed into a field of satellites doesn't sound like a purveyor of reason and understanding.

    10. Re:Huh? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      I don't know - it seems to me that an anti-satellite weapon is actually primarily defensive in nature.

      Oh hell yeah. It's an awesome defense. Send up say 500 1 ton payloads of explosive and various sized particles, timed to explode and scatter debris in various orbital planes, retrograde them, and enjoy the loss of just about everything in orbit. Take out all the GPS sats. This is why we are going to resurrect Loran.

      And it you really want to make the future rosy, take out geosynchronous orbit areas.

      This can be a first class offensive weapon. A long lasting one as well.

      Are you seriously saying that you know all of the debris paths and speeds of both the explosive device and the satellites it destroys? Stuff flies everywhere, ad different speeds and different directions. Especially your direct hit scenario, which will be very asymmetrical, and send shrapnel all over the place.

      Orbital mechanics is very interesting, and while large orbiting objects deorbiting can be calculated with a bit of confidence usually within days when they are getting close, calculating the deorbit of miscellaneous debris traveling at different speeds, which is going to put them in higher or lower orbits is the sort of thing that only happens after tracking them - and does India have the sort of tracking system that allows them to truthfully say they know that all of this happens in 45 days?

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    11. Re: Huh? by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      Culturally speaking, Slavs fall under the general category of Westerners.

    12. Re:Huh? by Solandri · · Score: 2

      . I'd love to see their math on how the know the debris will drop out in 45 days. Ohh wait they "expect" it to drop out. These must be smart people that know the pats of all the debris.

      Moving from a low orbit to a higher orbit typically requires two delta-Vs. The first one changes your circular low orbit into an ellipse whose perigee (lowest altitude of the orbit) is the same as the original orbit, but whose apogee (highest altitude in the orbit) is at a higher orbit. The second delta-V is done at apogee and converts the elliptical orbit back into a circle, now at the higher orbit.

      If you only apply one delta-V, all it does is turn your circular orbit into an ellipse. The key thing is that this new elliptical orbit must include the point in the original orbit where the delta-V occurred. This means if the original orbit was circular, the new elliptical orbit must intersect that original circle at some point. Meaning a single velocity change cannot increase your perigee. Only if the delta-V was in the direction of the original orbital motion does it result in the same perigee (and a higher apogee). All other possible delta-V vectors result in a lower perigee, meaning if the original circular orbit was just outside the bulk of the Earth's atmosphere, the debris will now orbit through a denser part of the atmosphere, and burn up and deorbit more quickly than if left in the original circular orbit

      So generally, these destructive tests aren't harmful when done to satellites in low orbit. The vast majority of the debris ends up in new orbits which will deorbit faster than the satellite would have if it had been left alone. And you might get a few "lucky" pieces of debris which are now in an elliptical orbit with the original orbit's perigee, but now with a higher apogee.

      If you conduct the test at a higher orbit though (like China did), the debris whose new orbits have a lower perigee may not have a perigee low enough to skim the Earth's atmosphere to slow it down substantially. And so a greater portion of the debris will remain in orbit for decades or centuries.

    13. Re: Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Culturally speaking, one half of Slavs suffered war and slavery under Mongols with additional attempted invasions by Ottomans, while the other suffered slavery and war and stagnation under Ottomans; all of them kept being harassed by both the West and East; none of them colonized any brown or black regions with even Russia's annexation of Siberia being reparation for the Mongol Empire's deeds, making Slavic nations a greater part of the 33 European nations which weren't involved in colonization; they were not considered white by Nazi Germans and were regarded as either a slave race or a collective deemed for cleansing of both people and history; and they were also oppressed with an attempt to revise and erase their histories and identities under Communism, and unlike Westerners had first-hand experience at this ideology when it is set loose outside of a fantasy book's vacuum and upon reality where it needs to be reconfigured to deal with reality where it turned out to be shit, the result of which was a unified decision to burn it to the ground; all while being the grey area and front between Western and Eastern cultures which the West could never overcome while the East paid its price eventually for attempting to; all while always somehow keeping up with the technological toes of the West despite conditions and poverty and even managing to inch their territories closer towards the West over time rather than the West spreading East.

    14. Re:Huh? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      . I'd love to see their math on how the know the debris will drop out in 45 days. Ohh wait they "expect" it to drop out. These must be smart people that know the pats of all the debris.

      Moving from a low orbit to a higher orbit typically requires two delta-Vs. The first one changes your circular low orbit into an ellipse whose perigee (lowest altitude of the orbit) is the same as the original orbit, but whose apogee (highest altitude in the orbit) is at a higher orbit. The second delta-V is done at apogee and converts the elliptical orbit back into a circle, now at the higher orbit.

      Elliptical or not, there might be another satellite that ends up intercepting the debris.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    15. Re:Huh? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Are you seriously saying that you know all of the debris paths and speeds of both the explosive device and the satellites it destroys? Stuff flies everywhere, ad different speeds and different directions. Especially your direct hit scenario, which will be very asymmetrical, and send shrapnel all over the place.

      If you consider the facts that only debris with only inclination changes isn't brought deeper into the atmosphere at some point and that most debris is small and even less aerodynamic than the original satellite, it becomes clear that around 300 km, several weeks or months does indeed seem like a reasonable estimate for a large part of the debris. Here's an analysis for a comparable US test.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    16. Re:Huh? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      You are talking orbital flak for the specific purpose of rendering an orbital shell unusable, which is an entirely different thing than shooting down a specific satellite. To destroy a satellite cleanly you want a relatively low payload weapon - something that's not going to send debris flying off at speeds anywhere near even a single km/s, and thus won't radically alter it's orbital trajectory. Leaving the debris cloud to slowly expand to fill a ring around the original satellite's orbit, restricted by the fact that every piece of debris must pass back through the point of explosion on every pass (neglecting aerobraking and gravitational pertubation)

      But, sure, lets say you send up all that flak - there's really only two options:
      1) you restrict it to a narrow range of altitudes, in which case if you get far enough above or below it and you're fine. Effective at taking out large groups of existing satellites, but not at general orbital denial.

      2) the shrapnel isn't dense enough to cause frequent impacts with satellites. There are 238x10^15 cubic kilometers of space within the orbit of the moon. Put a billion tonnes of chaff into lower orbit than that, and the average density will be 4ug per cubic kilometer - or one smallish grain of sand per 2000 cubic kilometers. And for reference there's currently well under 50,000 tonnes of equipment in orbit (5000 satellites, the biggest of which are several tonnes, but most of which are small, plus 417 tonnes of ISS), which would be a grain of sand per 40,000,000 cubic kilometers

      Satellites might need to start including armor plating and/or aerogel impact absorber as a standard feature to withstand the occasional impact, and the expected maintenance-free operating life might be shortened notably, but it wouldn't be a show-stopper.

      And then there's the $10M question:

      Why would a space power capable enough to comprehensively flak the entire orbital sphere, wish to do so? To deny a larger space power their advantage? If they're exploiting their advantage so ruthlessly that someone else is willing to shoot off their own foot to stop them, then maybe hitting the reset button and taking a hiatus for a few generations to reflect on what went wrong would be a good thing.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    17. Re:Huh? by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      And then there's the $10M question:

      Why would a space power capable enough to comprehensively flak the entire orbital sphere, wish to do so? To deny a larger space power their advantage? If they're exploiting their advantage so ruthlessly that someone else is willing to shoot off their own foot to stop them, then maybe hitting the reset button and taking a hiatus for a few generations to reflect on what went wrong would be a good thing.

      Let's say you were the leader of a rogue state - there are a few. One way to punish countries like the US is to take away our toys. Seems some people in government agree since they are ressurecting Loran-C.

      And we do have the example of India launching one. As well, you don't have to have much guidance, just a couple ton fragment space grenade.

      While I don't thiink this is all that likely, hey - strange stuff happens.

      More than explosive satellite killers, I'm concerned about EMP events.

      But I'm sort of surprised that so many here don't think this is a big deal.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    18. Re:Huh? by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      Anti-satellite weapon. Ever seen a solar power array, the old ones where they reflect light and generate lots and lots of heat. So set up 1 square kilometre mirror array, wait for daylight and point that daylight at the satellite, you'll cook it for sure. Creating debris in space in orbital paths should be considered an international crime and India and any other nation that does it should be punished for doing so and denied access to space.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    19. Re:Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      punished for doing so and denied access to space

      HAHAHAHAHAHA ROTFLMAO. What HAVE you been smoking?

  4. Is this even a serious question? by bferrell · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "Is this the weaponization of space?"

    "Space" has been weaponized since at least 1966, when Robert Heinlein wrote The Moon is a Harsh Mistress... Remember dropping grain carriers loaded with tons of rocks?

    Just as geosynchronous satellites became a foregone conclusion once Clarke postulated about the math for them in 1945.

    Duh

    1. Re:Is this even a serious question? by AmiMoJo · · Score: 3, Interesting

      India is just following others anyway. Last week the US tested an anti-ICBM system, and both the US and China have tested their own anti-satellite systems before.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    2. Re:Is this even a serious question? by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Of course it's a question. The militarization of space has been possible for a long time, but the world's space-faring powers signed a treaty outlawing space-based weapons. Maybe update your calendar past 1966 and understand why this is a significant change in the status quo.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    3. Re:Is this even a serious question? by JaredOfEuropa · · Score: 2

      The status quo being that only 3 other nations already had an anti-sat missile?

      --
      If construction was anything like programming, an incorrectly fitted lock would bring down the entire building...
    4. Re:Is this even a serious question? by sheramil · · Score: 2

      If you're gonna go there, then space has been weaponized since the 1930s, when the Lensmen took out Helmuth's base.

    5. Re:Is this even a serious question? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Anti-ICBM systems don't leave crap in orbital space, it's all sub-orbital, on both sides.

      You can't fix Kessler Syndrome by turning it off and on again. Who would've thought it would be India that started it.

    6. Re:Is this even a serious question? by quenda · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The Moon is a Harsh Mistress... Remember dropping grain carriers loaded with tons of rocks?

      It is a lot harder than "dropping". From the moon, you need a gun with a muzzle velocity of at least 2.3km/s. (or ballistic missile delta-V)
      Current rail-gun technology can do this, but only for much smaller payloads, and we are a long way from getting the required battleships/frigates to the moon.

    7. Re:Is this even a serious question? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Troll

      "Remember dropping grain carriers loaded with tons of rocks?"

      This was a story. It never happened. It never will.

      You Space Nutters are crazy.

      "Just as geosynchronous satellites became a foregone conclusion"

      These are not weapons. Get help.

    8. Re:Is this even a serious question? by Immerman · · Score: 2

      Think of it a little differently - Kessler Syndrome itself "turns off" the militarization of orbit - a physics enforced global armistice on orbital military hardware that lasts for generations, barring active cleanup efforts. Whether we "turn it on again" afterwards - that's up to us.

      I suspect It would be extremely difficult to achieve in any meaningful way though - explosions and collisions aren't going to dramatically alter orbital energies, except downwards. So while you would develop "shells" of debris that would soon destroy any satellites within them, the orbits above those shells would remain clear. And the density of debris would have to be truly enormous to prevent launches getting through it to access higher orbits (albeit at greater risk and expense), while such a dense shell would deorbit much faster due to inter-debris collisions.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    9. Re:Is this even a serious question? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Sure - and India hasn't made any motions in that direction. Being able to destroy orbital resources from the ground is, if anything, a great way to *discourage* the further militarization of space by the US, China, Russia, etc. All of whom have been heavily militarizing it for decades with GPS, spy satellites, etc.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    10. Re:Is this even a serious question? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      YES! If do not the weaponization of space is here and has been for years, look was the history of the U.S. Space Command, the X-37, the "Star Wars" program among others. DARPA has plans to have laser other direct energy weapons in orbits. Most of the really good stuff is classified. Do really like people who wipe there butts with the Constitution give a damn about the Outer Space Treaty?

    11. Re:Is this even a serious question? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      a physics enforced global armistice on orbital military hardware that lasts for generations

      The problem is that it is also a physics enforced global ban on orbital non-military hardware too.

    12. Re:Is this even a serious question? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      True, and that would be inconvenient. Most orbital services though could be delivered from high-altitude balloon instead - in many cases that would even be an improvement. And relatively unattractive extreme high orbits are unlikely to be affected, with the possible exception of geostationary. So as long as the cloud density is low enough for rockets to get through it, space will remain accessible. And you'd need many orders of magnitude more debris to exclude rockets that spend a few hours passing through, than to destroy satellites that remain in orbit until the timing synchronizes perfectly with some chunk of debris in an intersecting orbit.

      Plus, LEO may clear relatively quickly - the smaller the debris, the faster air resistance deorbits is. Half the size means half the mass-to-area ratio, and thus twice the deceleration. The question would be how dense the "rain" from collisions in higher, otherwise stable orbits would be.

      Besides, if orbit has been militarized to the point that a Kessler Syndrome scenario becomes a serious possibility, giving up civilian orbital benefits for a while to get rid of it might be a good trade. (non-military causes pretty much require a level of widespread carelessness that we're not seeing). Orbital weapons are kind of a nightmare scenario for people on the ground.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  5. A sad day for Henson by DanielTanner · · Score: 0

    It means that the Muppets will never get Pigs in Space.

    1. Re:A sad day for Henson by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well China is about to colonize the moon so you can expect the first Char Siu to be served in space by 2030. Needless to say that after eating it you'll be hungry again an hour later.

    2. Re: A sad day for Henson by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Uh Miss Piggy? I'm not as think as you drunk I am. Kill me before I stop again (crashing and falling sounds. Insincere laughs from audience, insincere cracks from peanut gallery). Who told Jim this was a good idea for a running gag?

  6. Nobody yet? OK, here goes by Hognoxious · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Satheesh Reddy, the chief of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation, said a low-altitude military satellite was picked for the test, to reduce the risk of debris left in space

    He went on to add that he always shits near the edge of the street so that it will get into the drain more quickly.

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  7. Ehm... Yes! by aglider · · Score: 1

    What other objective can you see there?

    --
    Sent as ripples into the electromagnetic field. No single photon has been harmed in the process.
  8. Don't kid yourself by WindBourne · · Score: 3, Interesting

    US and Russia held back for decades due to treaties. But when china really got into space & was not bound by the treaty, well, all 3 almost certainly have weapons up there.

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    1. Re:Don't kid yourself by phayes · · Score: 1

      Yeah those Russians certainly held back from deploying weapons in space

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    2. Re: Don't kid yourself by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You know, I barely trust Slashdot's links. No way I'm clicking yours.

      https://youtu.be/oIs0cGIknJk

    3. Re:Don't kid yourself by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      US and Russia held back for decades due to treaties. But when china really got into space & was not bound by the treaty, well, all 3 almost certainly have weapons up there.

      It must be HUAWEI's fault !!

  9. Election year by Vingborg · · Score: 1

    The general election in India is scheduled to start in a couple of weeks, and they recently had yet another big row with Pakistan. Just saying.

    --
    For the sufficiently clueless, even trivial applications of common sense are indistinguishable from wisdom
    1. Re:Election year by gtall · · Score: 1

      Yah, nothing sez "I am standing here with my Big Dick" in Indiana politics like lighting off a sat. killer and helping to contribute to the crap in near Earth orbit. By gum, he'll show those Pakistanis just what will happen to their future satellites. Maybe the Pakistanis will get their China buddy to lend them one of their sat. killers...errr...and a satellite to aim at...and a ground launch pad...with some extra equipment it make it go.

    2. Re:Election year by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      kessler syndrome is a non issue. We have lasers and a big thick atmosphere. the stuff close to the atmo will burn up, and we can put lasers in orbit to clear the rest.

  10. Reason for test by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Other powerful countries did the same test earlier. Indian test reported produced lesser splinters in space compared to others.

    India did it now only to avoid future ban in developing such technologies, it was a purely calculated move. They got into serious trouble procuring nuclear material earlier because of such limitations by elite members, mainly China was not ready to accept India.

    India MEA argued in favour of creating substantive legal measures to prevent weapons race in the outer space. India supported UNGA resolution 69/32 which is intended to prevent placement of weapons in the outer space. Significantly the A-SAT test comes ahead of the annual meeting of the Legal Subcommittee of the UN Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) during 1-12 April which will be held in Vienna under the auspices of the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA). India has been participating in all meetings of the UNCOPUOS.

    1. Re: Reason for test by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      brilliant! spend whatever is left in the till on nuclear arms and now anti-sat and let foreign charity feed the people.

    2. Re: Reason for test by vasanth · · Score: 1

      Well actually a lot of agro products are exported, so looks like India might actually be feeding other countries

    3. Re: Reason for test by rinka · · Score: 1

      India actually gives a lot of aid. This one's from 2017: http://www.newindianexpress.co... The quantum of aid it gives is significantly larger than the aid given it it. We told the UK and other countries way back to STOP giving aid to us but they begged us to continue taking the aid. So, if your country gives aid to India, please please reach out to your congressmen (or whoever) and tell them to stop giving us aid. We DON'T need it.

  11. Or does it mean by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    peace love and understanding with a flower in your hair and yummy-yummy-yummy-you-got-love-in-your-tummy?

  12. "Forthcoming" ? by Antique+Geekmeister · · Score: 3, Interesting

    There are too many security launches with classified payloads to pretend that the USA and Russia have not been launching at least anti-satellite weapons systems. Too many peaceful but energetic projects are also potentially weapons to be unwilling to acknowledge their danger. Solar mirrors can be aimed at space targets or ground targets, as can the "flying crowbar" project known as Project Pluto. The LEO cleanup tools, still on the drawing board, could take down accidental or obsolete debris in low Earth orbit. They could also destroy satellites.

    1. Re:"Forthcoming" ? by gtall · · Score: 0

      And there could be pink unicorns as well...and they too could also destroy satellites.

    2. Re:"Forthcoming" ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Solar mirrors can be aimed at space targets or ground targets, as can the "flying crowbar" project known as Project Pluto.

      You don't know what you're talking about.

      Firstly, solar mirrors aren't a practical weapon. The sun subtends an angle of 0.5 degrees, so any beam of reflected sunlight must have a beam size of at least 0.5 degrees. From low Earth orbit, at an altitude of ~1000 km, that means the spot size of the beam on the surface will be at least 10 km. If you want to (say) double background sunlight in the target area, your satellite mirror also needs to be 10 km across. And from low orbit it will only spend a few minutes over any given point before it disappears over the horizon.

      Second, Project Pluto was nothing to do with flying crowbars or space. It was a program to develop an unmanned bomber with a nuclear jet engine. The idea was that it could cruise continuously, for years on end without landing - and if given the signal, it would fly over enemy territory, dropping nuclear bombs as it went. It's a conceptual retaliation weapon, like ballistic missile submarines, but less practical - and no component of it is ever intended to go to space.

    3. Re:"Forthcoming" ? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Are you sure about that minimum spot size? I'm not that well versed in optics, and not quite sure how to phrase the question to get google to offer a relevant answer. Most discussions seem to only consider point sources. It's an important detail for a lot of orbital technologies though, so I'd love to get a better handle on it if you can point me at anything useful.

      Assuming you are right, there's still more than the total spot size to consider. There's the brightness distribution. Pretty much anyone who has ever burned things with a magnifying lens or mirror knows that you get both a large relatively dim spot, and a small, intensely bright spot. If I build a 10km diameter, tunably-concave space mirror, it'll be reflecting up to 82GW onto the surface, depending on it's alignment, and assuming the same atmospheric losses. Most of that may be diffuse, but if it can concentrate just 1% of that power onto a 1 hectare (2.5 acre) area, that'll be getting 8x the normal solar dosage - If it could deliver it to 1/10th that area, that'd be getting 82x.

      So what determines peak light concentration from a concave mirror? It naively seems like you could concentrate a pretty large percentage of the total power through the focal point.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    4. Re:"Forthcoming" ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is exactly the same problem (well, one of the problems) that Mythbusters ran into while reproducing the Archimedes Death Ray myth: using mirrors to focus sunlight onto a wooden ship to burn it. You may be able to find explanations of it under that heading; I can just find a brief one here (search down for "true point source").

      It may help to think of a curved orbital mirror as being composed of a large number of small, flat elements. Each mirror element will reflect the sun, producing an image of the sun on the earth's surface, and some basic ray-tracing will show you that the spot size (from low earth orbit) is ~10km. If the mirror is perfectly focused, then the sun-images from each mirror element are perfect aligned. If the mirror is *not* perfectly focused, then the combined sun-image is blurred, and the spot size is larger.

      This also explains why you can't, as you suggested, concentrate the light further within the illuminated spot. The distribution of light over the spot is determined by the distribution of emissivity over the surface of the sun, which is more-or-less uniform.

    5. Re:"Forthcoming" ? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Sorry, I've seen enough Mythbusters to know they should only be taken seriously when they prove that something is possible. They're entertainment, not science. The mirror shield episode was an excellent example of that - their failure was entirely due to incompetent implementation, rather than theoretical limitations. They had light-spots dancing all over that ship, while they should have all been focused on the same point - a computer-controlled solar concentrating array would have fried that boat like a bug under a magnifying glass - and a a sufficiently well-trained regiment of soldiers wouldn't have done much worse. Plus, as I recall they used flat mirrors, which is just another level of stupid.

      Use a the right lens or concave mirror, and you can focus an image of virtually any desired size and distance (I'm unclear on exactly what the theoretical limitations are) - you just want to focus that image as small as possible at the desired distance.

      Hmm, it seems like these are the relevant equations:
      1/f = 1/do + 1/di , where: f = focal length, do = object distance, di = image distance
      and M = hi/ho = -di/do, where M = magnification, ho = height of the object, and hi = height of the image.
      With sun diameter = 696e6m at a distance of 150e9m

      So it looks like you're stuck with a fixed magnification based on the relative distance to the object and the imaging plane (at least for a single-mirror configuration, it sounds like you may be able to get more impressive results with more complicated optics?). Put something 1000km away in orbit, with the sun 150e6km away, and you get a magnification of 6.7e-6, and the in-focus image of the sun would be 4.6 km across.

      That's an in-focus image though - I'm not sure that's actually the plane of maximum light density. As a sanity check, the smallest possible image that could be created by kids burning wood at a distance of 10cm would be 0.5mm... that actually seems about right. (The Mythbusters boat in contrast, at a distance of 23m, could have focused that spot to about 10cm = 4" across. From 1km away, it would be 4.6m))

      That's just the size of the image though - there's also the brightness to consider - and that depends purely on the size of the mirror. Use a 10km mirror, and the target area would be getting 4.7x more sun than at noon. Use a 100km mirror, and it would be receiving 472x. Of course there's a limit on how big you can make a mirror - the focal length determines the radius of curvature, and thus the maximum size, but you can get the same result with hundreds of smaller mirrors all focused on the same spot.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  13. If I was a 3rd world shithole by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If I was a 3rd world shithole then I would launch a million rockets in to orbit then blow them up. Nobody can have nice things because I'm a 3rd world shithole.

  14. Do bears run in woods? by bobbied · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Weaponization of space has been a reality since Sputnik.

    Weapons were the whole POINT of the exercise by both sides though the 70's, regardless of the propaganda saying otherwise.

    The treaties that keep weapons from being based in space is very clearly only limiting WMD type weapons (nuclear bombs, chemical weapons etc) but they do not address conventional weapons, anti-satellite weapons or much else for that matter.

    So India's actions are not evidence of anything new, just the continued realization that national defense *requires* a significant focus on controlling space in some way. Denying your adversaries the high ground, as we used to call it.

    --
    "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    1. Re:Do bears run in woods? by Kjella · · Score: 1

      So India's actions are not evidence of anything new, just the continued realization that national defense *requires* a significant focus on controlling space in some way. Denying your adversaries the high ground, as we used to call it.

      Unfortunately it's more like a scorched earth scenario with no real prospect of cleanup, this is just one more nation that can fuck it up for everybody. Even just in LEO any mass destruction of satellites would fuck it up for a century or two. The horror scenario is someone intentionally launching a debris cloud the wrong way into GEO, since they're all in the exact same orbit it'd be like shooting them all with a shotgun creating a debris ring that'll last a million years or more. That would be a lasting problem long after we've recovered from every nuke going off here on Earth.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    2. Re:Do bears run in woods? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If I had to pick one, I'd rather lose access to low earth orbit than have every nuke go off.

  15. Weak shill is weak by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You blame the U.S. but the fact is that the Chinese are the ones who were very blatant about leaving debris in orbit. The Americans and Russians were responsible enough to not trash the lowest orbits. The Chinese on the other hand, wanted every space faring nation to see the threat.

  16. If India's rockets are made by their elite IT by WCMI92 · · Score: 1

    They will explode on the launchpad.

    --
    Corporatism != Free Market
  17. Weapon not in Space by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 1

    The weaponization of space if when there are weapons placed in space. The anti-satellite weapon was Earth-based. Currently, space is only used for intelligence gathering and so this is a means to potentially knock out another's ability to see what you are doing.

    This sort of missile is already bad enough since destroying several satellites could create a huge amount of debris in orbit. However, putting weapons in space - which is usually what we mean by the weaponization of space - is a lot more troubling because, as the old saying goes, what goes up must come down. So even if they are never used they could pose a real hazard and if they are ever used then the amount of lethal debris in orbit they would create might severely limit our future access to space.

    1. Re: Weapon not in Space by aglider · · Score: 1

      How do you call it when weapons reach the space on purpose?

      --
      Sent as ripples into the electromagnetic field. No single photon has been harmed in the process.
    2. Re: Weapon not in Space by Highdude702 · · Score: 1

      BFR AKA Big Fucking Rockets.

    3. Re: Weapon not in Space by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Big Falcon Rocket. Get it right.

    4. Re: Weapon not in Space by Highdude702 · · Score: 1

      I like my version better, Musk must have been high when he wrote falcon.

  18. Space Force to the resuce! by JustAnotherOldGuy · · Score: 1

    Don't worry, citizens- the new Space Force (powered by Clean Coal®) will save the day and enforce our Space Borders!

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

    --
    Just cruising through this digital world at 33 1/3 rpm...
  19. Why now? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Russian, China, and US have the capability and this question wasnâ(TM)t raised. India joins the party and, suddenly, itâ(TM)s the âoeweaponizationâ of space? Wtf?

  20. The secret space race BehindIndia's timing of test by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    On 27th March 2019, India test fired its indigenously developed anti-satellite (ASAT) missiles successfully by destroying a low orbiting satellite, thus entering an elite group of countries who possess the ability to destroy satellites that are deployed in space. While in India, most of the immediate reaction had a distinct political tone and revolved around the timing of the tests: Why did the government choose to test the ASAT missile now, with elections right around the corner? Was it merely fireworks to kickstart the election season? Why was it important for the Prime Minister of India to address the nation?

    The answers to the questions lie outside India, in events that were unfolding over the past weekend in Geneva, Switzerland. Beginning on 18th March, a week long closed door meeting was hosted by the United Nations between diplomats and experts from 25 nations, aimed at bringing into force an international space non-proliferation law that given the sensitive nature of space, would potentially outlaw countries from building their own anti-satellite technology, much along the lines of the nuclear non-proliferation treaties (NPT) that was signed first in 1968. This law would essentially mean that India could not test its ASAT missiles on its own, and instead would have to go through a process similar to Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) which exists for acquiring nuclear technology. Only the United States of America, Russia, China and perhaps few other countries would be allowed to possess these missiles and the transfer the technology to other countries would involve complex international laws intended to prevent proliferation of the technology.

    During the meeting held in Geneva, the Space's Big 3 - USA, Russia and China - countries which already possess ASAT technology were at logger heads with the European Union over the usage of this new age technology, with much of the debates ranging around the space debris left behind after the destruction of satellites, and how the debris would interfere with other objects in space. The European Union representatives had maintained that the tests conducted by the Space's Big 3 already resulted in significant debris, and none of the Big 3 showed interest in resolving the space debris problem. Instead they were merely interested in testing their missiles further.

    The United States under the Trump administration has made no secret of its ambition to develop advanced space weapons. Apart from possessing ASAT missiles, the Pentagon is reportedly studying particle beam and laser gun based space weapons. Trump has publicly declared space to be a "war-fighting domain" and has called for creating a military branch devoted to space. Beijing for its part has blamed USA for fostering a space race and create a competition to develop advanced weapons, while maintaining that China does not considering space as a frontier for war.

    It is in this context that India's successful ASAT test, which was timed to perfection and right on the last day of the UN hosted meeting in Geneva, assumes much greater importance than what is being assigned to it. By deploying ASAT missiles, India announced its arrival in the space race with a bang right at the time when the existing powers were looking to close the door. From not being in the picture at all, with one swift move India became part of the select few nations who possessed this technology. The Big - 4, as it stands now.

    By acquiring indigenously developed technology before the space NPT treaty comes into effect, India has established itself as a key player in the space arms race. Any space NPT treaty cannot be signed without making India a key party to the discussion. This marks a strategic shift in India's role in space technology, unlike the Nuclear NPT treaty where India was excluded from the elite nuclear group after 1974, and was denied access to nuclear technology by the western world in an effort to coerce India to sign the nuclear NPT treaty. Even today, as a non signatory to the nuclear NPT, India has to negotiat

  21. India's missile test weaponization of space? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    No, that happened when the US refused to sign up to the “Treaty on Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects” ref

  22. Ha, that was not the only Russian one by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There was also the massive Polyus Orbital Weapons Platform that the Soviet Union actually launched in 1987. This would have been a major step to space weaponization as an armed orbital platform designed to attack other orbital stuff, unlike Reagan's SDI which was proposed (but never launched) as a system to shoot down non-orbital ICBMS.

    The only reason Polyus never became operational is that it failed to achieve orbit, and then the Soviet Union collapsed before another could be attempted.

    1. Re:Ha, that was not the only Russian one by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Did not know about this one. Thanx. That was interesting.

      I will say that I knew about Almaz, but I was thinking it was before the treaty, not after.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
  23. Stupid question by mi · · Score: 1

    Countries will weaponize everything they can — and use it against an adversary, whenever suitable. Those who wouldn't, have lost the evolution race countless generations ago.

    Did you know, that a crossbow was once believed to be so horrible a weapon, a movement was afoot to ban its use in Europe against fellow Christians?

    Like, yeah, I'm gonna just let him kill me, but will not shoot him with this loaded weapon I have here, because he is a Christian like myself?

    --
    In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
  24. Re:Huh? Dumb analysis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Killing satellites is actually pretty easy. It is a broad side of the barn type accuracy needed.
     
    Pretty much if you can get a rocket to orbital velocity and make it go kaboom, you are 90 percent of the way there.

    No, it isn't; The fact that only 4 countries in the world can do it, should tell you how difficult it is. You obviously are not an expert in various forms of rocketry and satellite technology.

    The utter stupidity of humans amazes me though.

    Agreed - a lot of posts on this site are testament to that: Like your reply.

    The US and the old Soviet Union understood and worked within the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction.

    You make it sound as if cold war was just high school girls playing clapping games. I think you don't understand what the concept of mutually assured destruction means. It's not lack of capability; Rather it's deterrence on using it. Both US and USSR didn't drop H-bombs on each other, because the outcome was guaranteed to be apocalyptic. Not because of any mutual higher order empathy which only a select few nations are capable of. Case in point - the US did drop two nuclear bombs on the Japanese, when they needed to; It's no more humane than any other country is.

    As long as countries accrue advantages in terms of weapon systems, there will always be an arms race. Other countries will always try to catch up or outdo it's rivals. Just like India did. And i believe other countries will too in the near future. I hope it's not some country like North Korea, but there's no reason to believe they can't.

    China understands this now.

    China is no more responsible than any other country in the world. In fact, it's probably the most enabled totalitarian state which ever existed, simply because it's technologically enabled as such. As far as democracy, liberalism and human rights are concerned, the Chinese state is an enormous challenge - probably the first illiberal totalitarian entity which actually works in some ways without imploding!

    Sending up Satellite killers is neither difficult nor smart.

    Again, this is dumb.

    Our first war in space will be our last one for a long, long time. And it will destroy a lot of things that are very beneficial to everyone, as well as destroy things that are beneficial to the country that thinks it is smart to put a lot of high velocity space debris in orbit.

    On this, i do agree one hundred percent - but :-

    a. The only solution that i can see are de-nuclearization of the world and globalization. When you don't care about people living behind random lines, you don't care about sending a warhead that way; And neither do they.

    b. I'm not hopeful though; What i see is collapse of the liberal global order and a geopolitical pivot back to nativist conservative theocratic/autocratic governance models. Problems like Climate change and De-armament, which require global consensus, will remain unsolved and lead to species extinction. We already see Trump clones in every country (now Brazil, India, Czech republic) and the vox-populi very anti-immigrant : in short dumb and condemned to repeat the horrific history of the second world war.

    I don't know if our grandchildren are going to drown in the atlantic ocean; Or will their bones melt in nuclear fire? I don't know. All i know is, it will be hell.

    All because, a few rednecks hate dark skin. What a pity the story of this species is.

  25. Author must be stupid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It would mean the end of space weaponization because why spend millions to send something into orbit only to have it shot down by a missile. STUPID.

  26. You blame China? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yea, we all saw that one coming...

  27. So you're admitting the lie? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So you're admitting you just made shit up in your other post are you?

  28. Comment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Our words are backed with... anti-satellite missiles!

    Nah, doesn't have the same ring to it.