How do you know? Usually tax law has grey areas where it takes a court case to decide whether something is legal or illegal, and different courts may decide differently. Not to mention the prosecutors discretion in bringing a case and the taxman also having discretion in whether to do an audit. Simple example, if I write of my cars mileage, depreciation etc for business and I'm regularly stopping at the grocery store for personal needs while on business, am I breaking the law and will the government bother to take it to court.
Could do it like the arts in some countries, basically grants to interesting projects. Here, we have the National Film Board, https://www.nfb.ca/ who I see are proud of their 75th Oscar nomination and put out some good stuff financed by taxes. It's not perfect and you would get some shit projects mixed in with good ones.
Enigma2175 explained things pretty well. Try Googling "rods from god" or "project thor" or start here, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... to quote,
The typical depiction of the tactic is of a satellite containing a magazine of tungsten rods and a directional thrust system. (In science fiction, the weapon is often depicted as being launched from a spaceship, instead of a satellite). When a strike is ordered, the launch vehicle would brake[1] one of the rods out of its orbit and into a suborbital trajectory that intersects the target. As the rod approaches periapsis and the target due to gravity, it picks up immense speed until it begins decelerating in the atmosphere and reaches terminal velocity shortly before impact. The rods would typically be shaped to minimize air resistance and maximize terminal velocity.
Though it does seem the original idea was closer to telephone pole size.
What kind of disaster that wipes out humanity on the Earth, even closed habitats, that will be recovered from in only a 100 years do you envision? As for closed habitats in space, there is always going to be leakage. And while it might be possible to live for generations without advanced technology, it is going to be needed at some point, if only to re-colonize the Earth.
I never said it was impossible, or rather the only impossibility is to quickly have a self sufficient colony as it is a complex problem with a lot of roadblocks to overcome including a bunch of unknowns and I showed some possible examples of roadblocks.
It's an example, I have no idea about the occurrences of selenium on the Moon. Point is that there are a lot of elements that are necessary for life, some in small quantities and the Moon is deficient in some elements. Run into similar problems with industry, perhaps no rare earths, so good hard drives are harder to make. At least with industrial, you can usually substitute.
Funny thing about Polio is sanitation made it really bad. Before the 20th century or slightly earlier, everyone was exposed and bad reactions to the virus were relatively rare. Bring in sanitation and large outbreaks became common and affected older people where the affects were usually worse. Luckily Polio vaccines were discovered/invented that worked well enough though people did get Polio from the live vaccine to the point where as of 2017, there were more cases caused by vaccine then wild Polio.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis#History and the vaccine section.
It won't take much to become self-sufficient on Mars.
For large values of much. How much nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are easily available? How many of those minerals are in different areas of Mars. I'd guess it's like Earth, some minerals here and some there, except much harder to get from here to there. Mars is big, as much dry land as the Earth (well 98%), with no rivers or oceans for cheap easy transport and even the air makes flying a challenge.
The Moon is 3 days away and highly visible. Low Earth orbit is much better, come over the horizon and drop rocks or crowbars with guidance systems. A crowbar dropped from orbit has a lot of kinetic energy, almost as much as launched from the Moon.
A nation can defend their colony as they own the buildings and infrastructure. Think of the high seas, no one owns them but ships on the high seas are owned and also subject to their home countries laws, even though private. Similarly a private colony is still by default under the private citizens home countries laws. Separation isn't easy as an embargo will kill a colony for the foreseeable future.
The Outer Space treaty also bans any countries from claiming dominion over celestial bodies, with most countries being signatories. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... In reality, occupation is all that is needed.
There's not going to be Earth independent colonies for a long time if ever. How many countries on Earth could maintain a space fairing industrial system on their own? Perhaps the biggest few. Mars is not like the Earth where you can get by with stone age tech.
While you make a good point about having a large breeding population. The real problem with a self sufficient colony is the self sufficiency part. We're talking about an advanced industrial system that can produce everything that is needed to maintain a space fairing population. And then maintaining that industrial system for up to thousands of years (assuming something wiped out humanity on the Earth, it's going to take a lot of time to recover). As an example, consider what it takes to build a computer, raw materials, fabricating factories etc. This is without even considering what it takes to keep humans alive. As an example, a Moon base when the Moon has almost no sodium or chlorine (it's an example, don't know if true). Salt is pretty basic to keeping alive. Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous are similar, needed to grow plants. Then there are the micro-nutrients, no selenium, well there's a limit. Then there's society. Lots of people seem to assume a space colony could be a libertarian paradise. Really it is probably going to be militaristic in nature with strong authorities to enforce everything that needs enforcing, from garbage disposal, to making sure doors are closed securely to who breeds with who. Whether that type of society is stable in the long run seems questionable. The new generation always thinks they know better. War, space colonies are fragile, a war could easily see colonies wiped out. I think it would take numerous space colonies to have any hope of survival, colonies in different situations, colonies trading with each other so the colony short on sodium can trade their lithium. Then there is the consideration that any disaster that wipes out the Earth is going to make the whole solar system messy as a big rock hitting is going to eject a lot of material. Diseases are likely to escape before being recognized and war is likely to expand. Other disasters such as Yellowstone blowing will leave people alive somewhere. People can survive on Earth with stone age technology, unlike space.
Yes training, and in particular the right type of training is a big part though I'll note that here, the RCMP does 26 weeks and doesn't have the problems of America and city police, possibly due to less training, seem worse. Really it is culture thing, America has always had this culture that included shooting, just look at their frontier justice. Currently, it seems that in the States, well to quote the Wiki article on murder,
In the United States, in some states and in federal jurisdiction, a killing by a police officer is excluded from prosecution if the officer believes they are being threatened with deadly force by the victim. This may include such actions by the victim as reaching into a glove compartment or pocket for license and registration, if the officer thinks that the victim might be reaching for a gun.[30]
So the problem is at the heart of their criminal system, being legal to kill on the believe of a threat.
Yet, the penalties for a cop shooting someone seem to be as low as ever. Start throwing cops in jail when they shoot someone without good reason, and hiding behind a car and shooting at someone on a porch without them shooting first is murder.
Taxes are on profits. If expanses exceed income, the tax rate is zero and not an expense besides needing an accountant who is also deductible. Reducing expenses actually increase the tax burden as profits go up whereas increasing expenses has the opposite affect. It is one of the arguments for high tax rates on successful businesses, rather then pay tax, the business will pay employees more and/or increase expenses in other ways such as expanding or modernizing equipment etc. OTOH. with low taxes, they may sit on the money, do tax buybacks etc.
OTOH, when one store raises the price of a gallon of milk to $5, the other stores may decide it is a good idea and also raise their prices. This happens a lot with businesses/products that have a high barrier of entry. Milk is actually a bad example as businesses happily sell it below cost to get you into the store.
Whereas glyphosate (and the accompanying chemicals, which together are far more harmful than glyphosate alone) are sprayed directly onto the basic foodstuffs.
My understanding is the surfactants used with glyphosate are untested and may well be the cause of cancer rather then the glyphosate.
Many years ago I took a pesticide applicators course (forestry) and it was highly stressed to keep exposure to a minimum. The instructor told the story of working with people who would drink 2-4-D to show it was safe and commented that they were all dead of cancer.
Slashdot Mirror
How do you know? Usually tax law has grey areas where it takes a court case to decide whether something is legal or illegal, and different courts may decide differently. Not to mention the prosecutors discretion in bringing a case and the taxman also having discretion in whether to do an audit.
Simple example, if I write of my cars mileage, depreciation etc for business and I'm regularly stopping at the grocery store for personal needs while on business, am I breaking the law and will the government bother to take it to court.
Could do it like the arts in some countries, basically grants to interesting projects.
Here, we have the National Film Board, https://www.nfb.ca/ who I see are proud of their 75th Oscar nomination and put out some good stuff financed by taxes.
It's not perfect and you would get some shit projects mixed in with good ones.
They are both involved in fucking people, though I do agree that the porn industry is more upfront about it.
Some people do have weird fetishes. Best to blanket ban everything.
I was going to break with finest traditions of slashdot and actually read TFA to see, but it gives me Access Denied.
So they're already implementing the filter.
Enigma2175 explained things pretty well. Try Googling "rods from god" or "project thor" or start here, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... to quote,
Though it does seem the original idea was closer to telephone pole size.
What kind of disaster that wipes out humanity on the Earth, even closed habitats, that will be recovered from in only a 100 years do you envision?
As for closed habitats in space, there is always going to be leakage. And while it might be possible to live for generations without advanced technology, it is going to be needed at some point, if only to re-colonize the Earth.
Perhaps, on the other hand, we have police forces, and even fire departments that are militaristic in structure.
I never said it was impossible, or rather the only impossibility is to quickly have a self sufficient colony as it is a complex problem with a lot of roadblocks to overcome including a bunch of unknowns and I showed some possible examples of roadblocks.
It's an example, I have no idea about the occurrences of selenium on the Moon. Point is that there are a lot of elements that are necessary for life, some in small quantities and the Moon is deficient in some elements. Run into similar problems with industry, perhaps no rare earths, so good hard drives are harder to make. At least with industrial, you can usually substitute.
it aided their successes in life
Becoming a teacher is considered success?
To raise that question says so much about American culture
Funny thing about Polio is sanitation made it really bad. Before the 20th century or slightly earlier, everyone was exposed and bad reactions to the virus were relatively rare. Bring in sanitation and large outbreaks became common and affected older people where the affects were usually worse.
Luckily Polio vaccines were discovered/invented that worked well enough though people did get Polio from the live vaccine to the point where as of 2017, there were more cases caused by vaccine then wild Polio.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis#History and the vaccine section.
It won't take much to become self-sufficient on Mars.
For large values of much. How much nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are easily available? How many of those minerals are in different areas of Mars. I'd guess it's like Earth, some minerals here and some there, except much harder to get from here to there.
Mars is big, as much dry land as the Earth (well 98%), with no rivers or oceans for cheap easy transport and even the air makes flying a challenge.
The Moon is 3 days away and highly visible. Low Earth orbit is much better, come over the horizon and drop rocks or crowbars with guidance systems. A crowbar dropped from orbit has a lot of kinetic energy, almost as much as launched from the Moon.
A large portion of the population hasn't.
A nation can defend their colony as they own the buildings and infrastructure. Think of the high seas, no one owns them but ships on the high seas are owned and also subject to their home countries laws, even though private. Similarly a private colony is still by default under the private citizens home countries laws. Separation isn't easy as an embargo will kill a colony for the foreseeable future.
The Outer Space treaty also bans any countries from claiming dominion over celestial bodies, with most countries being signatories. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
In reality, occupation is all that is needed.
There's not going to be Earth independent colonies for a long time if ever.
How many countries on Earth could maintain a space fairing industrial system on their own? Perhaps the biggest few.
Mars is not like the Earth where you can get by with stone age tech.
While you make a good point about having a large breeding population. The real problem with a self sufficient colony is the self sufficiency part. We're talking about an advanced industrial system that can produce everything that is needed to maintain a space fairing population. And then maintaining that industrial system for up to thousands of years (assuming something wiped out humanity on the Earth, it's going to take a lot of time to recover).
As an example, consider what it takes to build a computer, raw materials, fabricating factories etc.
This is without even considering what it takes to keep humans alive. As an example, a Moon base when the Moon has almost no sodium or chlorine (it's an example, don't know if true). Salt is pretty basic to keeping alive. Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous are similar, needed to grow plants. Then there are the micro-nutrients, no selenium, well there's a limit.
Then there's society. Lots of people seem to assume a space colony could be a libertarian paradise. Really it is probably going to be militaristic in nature with strong authorities to enforce everything that needs enforcing, from garbage disposal, to making sure doors are closed securely to who breeds with who. Whether that type of society is stable in the long run seems questionable. The new generation always thinks they know better.
War, space colonies are fragile, a war could easily see colonies wiped out.
I think it would take numerous space colonies to have any hope of survival, colonies in different situations, colonies trading with each other so the colony short on sodium can trade their lithium.
Then there is the consideration that any disaster that wipes out the Earth is going to make the whole solar system messy as a big rock hitting is going to eject a lot of material. Diseases are likely to escape before being recognized and war is likely to expand. Other disasters such as Yellowstone blowing will leave people alive somewhere.
People can survive on Earth with stone age technology, unlike space.
Yes training, and in particular the right type of training is a big part though I'll note that here, the RCMP does 26 weeks and doesn't have the problems of America and city police, possibly due to less training, seem worse.
Really it is culture thing, America has always had this culture that included shooting, just look at their frontier justice.
Currently, it seems that in the States, well to quote the Wiki article on murder,
So the problem is at the heart of their criminal system, being legal to kill on the believe of a threat.
Yet, the penalties for a cop shooting someone seem to be as low as ever.
Start throwing cops in jail when they shoot someone without good reason, and hiding behind a car and shooting at someone on a porch without them shooting first is murder.
Just buy gift cards with cash and use them. Works for at least Amazon, Ebay and Netflix.
Taxes are on profits. If expanses exceed income, the tax rate is zero and not an expense besides needing an accountant who is also deductible. Reducing expenses actually increase the tax burden as profits go up whereas increasing expenses has the opposite affect.
It is one of the arguments for high tax rates on successful businesses, rather then pay tax, the business will pay employees more and/or increase expenses in other ways such as expanding or modernizing equipment etc. OTOH. with low taxes, they may sit on the money, do tax buybacks etc.
OTOH, when one store raises the price of a gallon of milk to $5, the other stores may decide it is a good idea and also raise their prices. This happens a lot with businesses/products that have a high barrier of entry. Milk is actually a bad example as businesses happily sell it below cost to get you into the store.
Whereas glyphosate (and the accompanying chemicals, which together are far more harmful than glyphosate alone) are sprayed directly onto the basic foodstuffs.
My understanding is the surfactants used with glyphosate are untested and may well be the cause of cancer rather then the glyphosate.
Many years ago I took a pesticide applicators course (forestry) and it was highly stressed to keep exposure to a minimum. The instructor told the story of working with people who would drink 2-4-D to show it was safe and commented that they were all dead of cancer.