No, DARPA did not develop the internet. They did develop ARPAnet, though. DARPA funded guys like Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn to develop the TCP/IP protocol.
Yes that's right it wasn't Al Gore.
What do Vint and Bob say about Gore's initiative in makeing the internet what it is today?
Al Gore and the Internet
By Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf Al Gore was the first political leader to recognize the importance of the Internet and to promote and support its development.
No one person or even small group of persons exclusively "invented" the Internet. It is the result of many years of ongoing collaboration among people in government and the university community. But as the two people who designed the basic architecture and the core protocols that make the Internet work, we would like to acknowledge VP Gore's contributions as a Congressman, Senator and as Vice President. No other elected official, to our knowledge, has made a greater contribution over a longer period of time.
Last year the Vice President made a straightforward statement on his role. He said: "During my service in the United States Congress I took the initiative in creating the Internet." We don't think, as some people have argued, that Gore intended to claim he "invented" the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, Gore's initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet. The fact of the matter is that Gore was talking about and promoting the Internet long before most people were listening. We feel it is timely to offer our perspective.
As far back as the 1970s Congressman Gore promoted the idea of high speed telecommunications as an engine for both economic growth and the improvement of our educational system. He was the first elected official to grasp the potential of computer communications to have a broader impact than just improving the conduct of science and scholarship. Though easily forgotten, now, at the time this was an unproven and controversial concept. Our work on the Internet started in 1973 and was based on even earlier work that took place in the mid-late 1960s. But the Internet, as we know it today, was not deployed until 1983. When the Internet was still in the early stages of its deployment, Congressman Gore provided intellectual leadership by helping create the vision of the potential benefits of high speed computing and communication. As an example, he sponsored hearings on how advanced technologies might be put to use in areas like coordinating the response of government agencies to natural disasters and other crises.
As a Senator in the 1980s Gore urged government agencies to consolidate what at the time were several dozen different and unconnected networks into an "Interagency Network." Working in a bi-partisan manner with officials in Ronald Reagan and George Bush's administrations, Gore secured the passage of the High Performance Computing and Communications Act in 1991. This "Gore Act" supported the National Research and Education Network (NREN) initiative that became one of the major vehicles for the spread of the Internet beyond the field of computer science.
As Vice President Gore promoted building the Internet both up and out, as well as releasing the Internet from the control of the government agencies that spawned it. He served as the major administration proponent for continued investment in advanced computing and networking and private sector initiatives such as Net Day. He was and is a strong proponent of extending access to the network to schools and libraries. Today, approximately 95% of our nation's schools are on the Internet. Gore provided much-needed political support for the speedy privatization of the Internet when the time arrived for it to become a commercially-driven operation.
The question is simple: why, if MS had so many competitors that were better than it at making software, did they succeed?
The illegal Per Processor licensing agreements with computer vendors locked out all other vendors from about the DOS 2 days.
They got sued by the FTC a number of times, but managed to get nothing more than a slap on the wrist and make a promise not to do it again. Which they promptly broke. Eventually, they got sued again. Lather, rinse, repeat.
Let us not forget George W. Bush's reaction to the "bin Laden Determined to Attack within the United States" memo... he stayed at his ranch to clear brush. And kowtow to the religious reich on Stem Cell research.
We (and especially New Yorkers) all know how that turned out.
The IBM PC was initially available with a choice of three operating systems: PC-DOS, CPM-86, and UCSD P-System. PC-DOS was the cheapest, and quickly gained a dominant market share.
Don't completely discount the quality of American cars. I'm driving an 8-year-old Mercury, assembled in Kansas City, MO. 160,000 miles on the odometer. The engine and power train run as smooth as the day it was built.
It has needed tires and suspension work. New shocks/struts all around. The AC is getting weak. It'll need a recharge next year.
After amassing a library of video tapes and laser discs, I discovered something: I very rarely watched anything more than once.
And I ran out of time for playing games long ago. The last game I bought was Marathon out of a remainder bin, circa 2000.
I won't buy downloads of music. I'll buy the CD, and have the computer rip copies onto my portable player, and onto the home server. Then the originals get stored safely away. If they come out with CDs that I can't rip, I stop buying.
He's full of fertilizer. So much fertilizer in so few lines of prose. "Noone was even close to the ease of use that Windows offered." the text asserts.
I dislike Microsoft. They're convicted monopolists. They produce the lowest quality of software and use their illegally obtained market dominance to shut out any alternatives.
Except that belief in Creationism is shockingly popular. Depending on how you count the poll results, a majority.
Thie is a terrible failure of the public education system. The problem is much of the private education system (excluding the Catholic school system) is much worse.
The grandparent post is correct; Evolution (in the sense of The History of Life on Earth), is correct but not complete.
And while creationism cannot be disproven, I can prove that forms of Creationism are either content-free (and banished by Occam's Razor) or contradicted by the evidence, i.e. false.
Creationism of the "God made the Universe recently with evidence of age" is logically identical to the claim that my cat, Sidney, created the world Last Thursday. You can't prove me wrong. I can't prove this sort of creationism wrong. And Occam's Razor lets us eliminate them both as worthwhile possibilities.
So we're left with claims for recent creation that have been disproven long ago, like noah's flood cutting the grand canyon. Except Colorado River meanders through the Grand Canyon, and receeding flood waters aren't around for long enough to cut meanders. Only the slow flow of water over long periods of time can do that.
Intelligent Design asserts that life must have been designed. Full stop. They have no compelling evidence for that assertion. Everything they claim to have has been refuted nine ways to sunday over the last decade and a half, since Behe's _Darwin's Black Box_ was published.
There is no evidence for an or many intelligent designer or designers
Most in IT are "at will" employees, not goverend by contract. They are also exempt from labor lawas that require paid overtime. Two weeks notice is a courtesy, not a requirement on the employer.
And why do you think that the employers' excess of market power being used to extract economic rent from employees is something that does not occur at the expense of the employee?
Your position grants the employer, at the outset, the power to underpaying employees, while claiming that balancing that power by allowing employees the ability to negotiate as a group is giving them a special privilege?
There aren't that many well-paying IT jobs in a lot of the country.
I have an obligation (ex-wife with custody of my child) that keeps me from being free to move about the country. And generous state-mandated child support payments keep me from choosing to accept a position that pays significantly less.
The opportunities for moving within the company are extremely limited. There was one opening for a software developer on the internal jobs list, the last time I looked. And thousands of employees at this site.
I have gotten a "raise" the last two years; 1.5%. The increase on copays for health insurance ate that up. CPI has gone up 3% the last two years.
The Wright Brothers were the first to solve all three aircraft problems: Power, Lift, and control. To say you have an aircraft when you are missing one of those is a mistake.
It is not reasonable to call a device "practical", as the wikipedia entry does, when both flights ended in crashes.
The Wright Brothers had four takeoffs and four safe landings in their aircraft on Dec. 17, 1903. Noone else had done that before.
All examples of flight cited in the wikipedia article involve uncontrolled flights; the machines took off and flew in the general direction they were pointed, sometimes even carrying a passenger. Usually they crashed at the end of their only flight (again suggesting impracticality and a lack of control.)
Mr. Scott's phonautograph could record sound. But it couldn't play it back. You could examine the picture, and that was it. The first machine to record
and play back
sound was invented by Edison.
The light bulb has a long and tangled history. But the first complete Illumination Systems, which included generation and transmission of electricity to a light bulb, are clearly the work of Edison and his laboratory.
The ARPA's original work on computer networking was done in the USA. The World Wide Web, of course, came from Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN, in Geneva, Switzerland.
All empires fall, eventually. The accidents of history, or geography, or technology, or society that propel a society to greatness impose their own restrictions, and time passes, new technologies are born and grow, and eventually another society ascends.
Spain, in the time of England's Queen Elizabeth, was the dominant world power. After their fall, they were a poor nation (certainly compared to the dominant powers of Europe) for a few centuries.
The USA will not be able to continue using a quarter of the world's oil production for a twentieth of the world's population. China and India are becoming wealthier by their own industriousness, and soon their corporations will be competing with American ones to buy the world's resources.
If the world is lucky, the leaders in the USA will handle our waning influence the way the leaders of the UK did after WWII, and quietly step off the stage as new powers take over. If the world is unlucky, the USA follows the path of Czarist Russia or Imperial Germany after WWI, and descend into chaos until a charismatic leader uses extraordinary circumstances to assume supreme authority.
You are correct; there are scary possibilities in the future. What are you doing to help prevent them from coming about?
Without God, genetic research will be used to oppress.
Why do you think this is true?
Is your sense of morality so poorly developed that without the fear of eternal hellfire and damnation, you would have no empathy for fellow human beings?
My biology teacher (of whom I now greatly respect) is very religous, but tought not to enforce biblical references (that's just rediculous), but 'taught the controversy' and let us decide for ourselves.
What controversy? There is no scientific controversy. Evolution happened, and happens today. There is no "theory" of Intelligent Design that can be tested. There is an outfit dedicated to deceiving, that is making astounding progress fooling school boards and elected officials.
To be specific evolution vs creationism. He never said 'this is what happened' or 'this is the only accepted version of how we ____', it mentioned both, and some lesser ideas as well. He taught us to evaulate and not to laugh at the strange ideas.
The problem is that there are an infinite number of "strange ideas", and limited time and resources available for education. The more time wasted on known-false "strange ideas", the less time there is for passing on what is known.
As far as I know, that would be the best way to address the issue. My teacher showed us the facts, theories, and possibilities that exist, and demanded that we (through essays/tests and such) demonstrate full knowledge of what the scientific community knows and what current theories entail.
How would that inhibit science?
How did Lysenko hold back Soviet biology (and, hence, Soviet agriculture)? By enforcing the teaching of things that are not true.
To the extent that your biology teacher presented Creationism as a viable explanation for the history of life on earth and the processes that shaped it, the teacher taught things that are not true. There is no scientific controversy to teach.
Yes, I read about the AC/DC battle (I thought it was Westinghouse leading the public AC charge, and Tesla was more a back-room inventor type). And yes, Edison was about showmanship. He had an elephant electrocuted! (the elephant had killed someone, so it "had to" go.)
Cite? I've been reading a biography of Edison (book is at home, and I don't recall its title), and that isn't the impression I got.
Recall that the incandescent electric light was developed in 1879. The Edison General Electric Company was incorporated into 1890. It merged with a major competitor in 1892, and dropped "Edison" from the name.
Edison's light was part of an Illumination System. You needed a source of work, the generators to turn that work into electricity, and the distribution network to get the electrical energy safely and reliably into subscribers homes. It did take some time to get all the pieces into place.
Slashdot Mirror
Fanless PCs. Hmmm....
Apple II, Mac, Mac 512, Mac +, Mac Cube, and the iMac (G3). None of them had fans.
I would mod this up, but I wanna post. I like it. Much funny. I'll throw some karma to the author anyway...
No, DARPA did not develop the internet. They did develop ARPAnet, though. DARPA funded guys like Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn to develop the TCP/IP protocol.
What do Vint and Bob say about Gore's initiative in makeing the internet what it is today?
They got sued by the FTC a number of times, but managed to get nothing more than a slap on the wrist and make a promise not to do it again. Which they promptly broke. Eventually, they got sued again. Lather, rinse, repeat.
The US took off economically in the post ware period after every other significant economy on the planet was bombed to pieces.
Let us not forget George W. Bush's reaction to the "bin Laden Determined to Attack within the United States" memo... he stayed at his ranch to clear brush. And kowtow to the religious reich on Stem Cell research.
We (and especially New Yorkers) all know how that turned out.
The IBM PC was initially available with a choice of three operating systems: PC-DOS, CPM-86, and UCSD P-System. PC-DOS was the cheapest, and quickly gained a dominant market share.
Don't completely discount the quality of American cars. I'm driving an 8-year-old Mercury, assembled in Kansas City, MO. 160,000 miles on the odometer. The engine and power train run as smooth as the day it was built.
It has needed tires and suspension work. New shocks/struts all around. The AC is getting weak. It'll need a recharge next year.
It will run for years.
So don't "buy" DRM'ed "media".
After amassing a library of video tapes and laser discs, I discovered something: I very rarely watched anything more than once.
And I ran out of time for playing games long ago. The last game I bought was Marathon out of a remainder bin, circa 2000.
I won't buy downloads of music. I'll buy the CD, and have the computer rip copies onto my portable player, and onto the home server. Then the originals get stored safely away. If they come out with CDs that I can't rip, I stop buying.
He's full of fertilizer. So much fertilizer in so few lines of prose. "Noone was even close to the ease of use that Windows offered." the text asserts.
I dislike Microsoft. They're convicted monopolists. They produce the lowest quality of software and use their illegally obtained market dominance to shut out any alternatives.
The secular voices in Iraq were attacked and destroyed by the USA and Great Britain.
Except that belief in Creationism is shockingly popular. Depending on how you count the poll results, a majority.
Thie is a terrible failure of the public education system. The problem is much of the private education system (excluding the Catholic school system) is much worse.
Odd. This post should have been a follow-up to post #13244465, by prisoner-of-enigma (535770) on Thursday August 04, @05:01PM.
The grandparent post is correct; Evolution (in the sense of The History of Life on Earth), is correct but not complete.
And while creationism cannot be disproven, I can prove that forms of Creationism are either content-free (and banished by Occam's Razor) or contradicted by the evidence, i.e. false.
Creationism of the "God made the Universe recently with evidence of age" is logically identical to the claim that my cat, Sidney, created the world Last Thursday. You can't prove me wrong. I can't prove this sort of creationism wrong. And Occam's Razor lets us eliminate them both as worthwhile possibilities.
So we're left with claims for recent creation that have been disproven long ago, like noah's flood cutting the grand canyon. Except Colorado River meanders through the Grand Canyon, and receeding flood waters aren't around for long enough to cut meanders. Only the slow flow of water over long periods of time can do that.
Intelligent Design asserts that life must have been designed. Full stop. They have no compelling evidence for that assertion. Everything they claim to have has been refuted nine ways to sunday over the last decade and a half, since Behe's _Darwin's Black Box_ was published.
There is no evidence for an or many intelligent designer or designers
Most in IT are "at will" employees, not goverend by contract. They are also exempt from labor lawas that require paid overtime. Two weeks notice is a courtesy, not a requirement on the employer.
And why do you think that the employers' excess of market power being used to extract economic rent from employees is something that does not occur at the expense of the employee?
Your position grants the employer, at the outset, the power to underpaying employees, while claiming that balancing that power by allowing employees the ability to negotiate as a group is giving them a special privilege?
There aren't that many well-paying IT jobs in a lot of the country.
I have an obligation (ex-wife with custody of my child) that keeps me from being free to move about the country. And generous state-mandated child support payments keep me from choosing to accept a position that pays significantly less.
The opportunities for moving within the company are extremely limited. There was one opening for a software developer on the internal jobs list, the last time I looked. And thousands of employees at this site.
I have gotten a "raise" the last two years; 1.5%. The increase on copays for health insurance ate that up. CPI has gone up 3% the last two years.
No matter what my boss asks for, I have to do it.
It is not reasonable to call a device "practical", as the wikipedia entry does, when both flights ended in crashes.
The Wright Brothers had four takeoffs and four safe landings in their aircraft on Dec. 17, 1903. Noone else had done that before.
All examples of flight cited in the wikipedia article involve uncontrolled flights; the machines took off and flew in the general direction they were pointed, sometimes even carrying a passenger. Usually they crashed at the end of their only flight (again suggesting impracticality and a lack of control.)
Mr. Scott's phonautograph could record sound. But it couldn't play it back. You could examine the picture, and that was it. The first machine to record
- and play back
sound was invented by Edison.The light bulb has a long and tangled history. But the first complete Illumination Systems, which included generation and transmission of electricity to a light bulb, are clearly the work of Edison and his laboratory.
The ARPA's original work on computer networking was done in the USA. The World Wide Web, of course, came from Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN, in Geneva, Switzerland.
All empires fall, eventually. The accidents of history, or geography, or technology, or society that propel a society to greatness impose their own restrictions, and time passes, new technologies are born and grow, and eventually another society ascends.
Spain, in the time of England's Queen Elizabeth, was the dominant world power. After their fall, they were a poor nation (certainly compared to the dominant powers of Europe) for a few centuries.
The USA will not be able to continue using a quarter of the world's oil production for a twentieth of the world's population. China and India are becoming wealthier by their own industriousness, and soon their corporations will be competing with American ones to buy the world's resources.
If the world is lucky, the leaders in the USA will handle our waning influence the way the leaders of the UK did after WWII, and quietly step off the stage as new powers take over. If the world is unlucky, the USA follows the path of Czarist Russia or Imperial Germany after WWI, and descend into chaos until a charismatic leader uses extraordinary circumstances to assume supreme authority.
You are correct; there are scary possibilities in the future. What are you doing to help prevent them from coming about?
Is your sense of morality so poorly developed that without the fear of eternal hellfire and damnation, you would have no empathy for fellow human beings?
How did Lysenko hold back Soviet biology (and, hence, Soviet agriculture)? By enforcing the teaching of things that are not true.
To the extent that your biology teacher presented Creationism as a viable explanation for the history of life on earth and the processes that shaped it, the teacher taught things that are not true. There is no scientific controversy to teach.
Yes, I read about the AC/DC battle (I thought it was Westinghouse leading the public AC charge, and Tesla was more a back-room inventor type). And yes, Edison was about showmanship. He had an elephant electrocuted! (the elephant had killed someone, so it "had to" go.)
Cite? I've been reading a biography of Edison (book is at home, and I don't recall its title), and that isn't the impression I got.
Recall that the incandescent electric light was developed in 1879. The Edison General Electric Company was incorporated into 1890. It merged with a major competitor in 1892, and dropped "Edison" from the name.
Edison's light was part of an Illumination System. You needed a source of work, the generators to turn that work into electricity, and the distribution network to get the electrical energy safely and reliably into subscribers homes. It did take some time to get all the pieces into place.