Discovery only wants to license the channels in a bundle, the cable provider only wants to license them so they can be sold to consumers un-bundled. They had t he same fight with another cable provider a few years ago.
Well, I can't seem to get § / § to display... so they are replaced by S
26 k S When a business or an individual in the pursuit of business manufactures or imports devices on which sound of moving pictures can be recorded and which are especially intended for the creation of copies for private use, the creator of protected works which after this have been transmitten in radio or television or been published on devices through which they can be reproduced, has the right to compensation from the business or individual.
However, the creator does not have the right to compensation if the manufactured of imported devices shall:
1. be used for other purposes than the creation of copies for private use,
2. be exported from the country, or
3. be used for the creation of copies for persons with disabilities. Law (2005:359)
26 l S Compensation according to 26 k S is
1. for a device for analog recording: two and a half öre for each minute of possible recording,
2. for devices where repeated digital copies can be made: 0.4 öre per megabyte,
3. for other devices where digital copies can be made: 0.25 öre per megabyte recording space.
The manufacturer or importer has a right to reduced compensation if
1. the creator is otherwise compensated for the creation of copies of such works that are defined by 26 k S, or
2. the compensation with respect to circumstances related to the device, or otherwise in respect to the conditions in the market, is unreasonably high. Law (2005:359)
26 m S Only organisations which represent a number of compensation entitled swedish creators and owners of similar rights in the area have the right to collect, and sign contracts regarding the reduction of, compensation according to 26 k and 26 l SS. The organisation shall collect the compensation and distribute it to those entitled to compensation, after deducting reasonable amounts for its costs. At the distribution, right owners represented by the organisation shall be [treated] equal to those not represented.
Businesses or individuals covered by 26 k S shall register at one such organisation refered to in the first [previous] section. The business or individual shall at the request of the organisation account for the number of devices coverd by the compensation, the recording time or storage capacity of the devices, if the devices can be used for repeated digital recording, and when the devices were imported or manufactured. The accounting shall make clear the number of devices covered by 26 k S 2nd section. Law (2005:359)
So people can discuss with some more information, the actual law is "Lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk" available (in Swedish, sorry 'bout that, I'll try to translate the relevant portion as a reply to this) here. The relevant paragraph is chapter 1, 26 k .
In US (I think this is from the UK legal tradition that they inherited) aquittal by Jury means no appeal for prosecution while in the "rest of the world" (where there are usually no juries) both prosecution and defense have more similar possibilities of appeal.
In at least Sweden (where I am from) aquittal by the jury means no appeal for the prosecutor, but jury trial is only used in "freedom of press" cases such as libel.
Further, It is not the police that prosecutes a case, but rather the "publics prosecutor" (I suppose like a district attourney in the US) or in this case a special "public prosecutor" tasked with a specific type of crimes.
These prosecutors work closely with the police though, and directs much of their work.
There are also some problems in systems where 'too many' votes count too--it becomes very hard to reach majorities in parliaments where you can get just a few seats. In Sweden, where I live, you must obtain at least four per cent of the popular vote, or ten percent in one 'district' (län), to get any seats at all. In Israel I think the limit is only one per cent, and they have lots and lots of small parties.
The problem with lots of small parties in a parliament is that they can get a much larger piece of the power than the amounts of votes. In an extreme situation with two parties at 49 per cent and one party with 2 per cent...
And with the U.S. system you very rarely need to have extra elections. In western european style parliamentary democracies you can end up with a parliament where no-one can, or rather is willing to compromize enough to, gather a majority of the votes. In such a situation there is usually an extra election. In the U.S. system this is usually not the case, as party loyalty is less important and there are only two large parties that are not too far apart a majority should almost always be possible.
As an anecdote: once the Swedish parliament had 350 members and the votes split so evenly that the left-wing and right-wing blocs got half the seats--and at that time it was not possible to hold an extra alection. All the votes in the parliament had to be decided by <i>lottery</i> (I think it was a coin toss)...
Bottom line: complete fairness is impossible. The important thing is that most (for some measure of most:-) ) people think that the system is mostly fair.. Or somesuch...
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
I do not consider 'fair' to be a very objective value. In western european democracies, such as Sweden where I live, it was considerd important that as many votes as possible counted in an election. In the current U.S. system all votes for the loser were useless, wether that is fair is, in my opinion, a matter of opinion (pun probably intended:-) ).
A really interesting question is:
IIRC Bush said that if Gore wins the Electoral Colleage, and Bush the popular vote, He would appeal to the democratic electors to vote him president anyway.
If this is true, and it turns the other way around...
Of course, it might be my memory acting up again (I have to replace those dimms:-)
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
That one candidate receives the most votes if you add the votes from all the states and D.C., but the other candidate gets most electors and becomes president.
Theoretically you can become president of the USA with less than one fourth of the votes. This is because the winner in one state, with two (I think) exceptions, takes all the electors in that state, and because smaller states have more electors per capita. If a candidate wins by one vote in a lot of small states, and gets no votes at all in the states he loses (not very likely...)...
The number of electors for a state is the same as its number of seats in the U.S. congress.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
And at that time multiprocessor systems were already being sold by other vendors.
The patents Intel owns are about the specific way they implemented multiprocessor systems. I don't know exactly what is patented, it might be that it is only the GTL+ bus used for P6 (PPro, PII, PIII, and Celeron) systems.
Intel's current MP offerings use a bus shared by all the processors and the memory controller (North Bridge). The Athlon and derivates will have one bus between every processor and the north bridge, or north bridges.
Intel's approach works well for a slall number of processors, and is quite cheap for such systems. AMD's approach (no, they did not invent it) is better for systems with many processors.
You could build an Intel system using AMD's approach, maybe that is how the eight way Xeon systems work.
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Umm, I wrote the previous post. How did it get assigned to that poor (or maybe very lucky?;-) fellow?!
Re: high numbers for tpc-c clusters is an exercise in how many PCs a vendor can put in one room. -- Gee explain number 11, Sun?s Starfire Enterprise 10000, not a cluster. A few weeks ago it was number 6. Obviously your statement is wrong.
You seem to be unable to read, or maybe to understand what you read. I did not say, and never have said, that you have to use a cluster to get a high tpc-c score. Scores six to nine are none cluster system (IBM AS/400, Fujitsu something with SPARC CPUs, IBM RS/6000, BULL with PPC CPUs)
Re: It does show that both IBM and Compaq can build rooms with good cooling. -- You are showing your ignorance of clustering.
Or your ignorance of humor?
Re: relevance -- Check out tpc-c faq for an explanation of tcp-c and for a real-life example
Couldn't find how many NT boxes they had in their database back-end (11 servers in total, no mention that I could find on how many were used for what), but the availibility was strangely low for a cluster (99.97 percent, or 2.6 hours per year). No I didn't read it all--too much marketing drivel. Could you provide a technical paper on that setup so I could evaluate it?
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Note that a court of law can still order the journalist to reveal his source. With regards to the fake stories, depending on the story, it could be fraud or libel. And if a newspaper or TV show becomes known for fake stories, I hope that the consumers will stop trusting it as a news source.
Most countries won't extradict their own citizens, especially not a minor. And the alledged 'crime' was commited in Norway, so for the Norwegian government to send him to the US would be more shocking than if Bill Gates admitted that Linux is better than Win2K.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Ahh, so thats what they used to read the 'Swedish messages' the last time I went over the pond. It definately sounded like whomever was telling us the safty instructions didn't know a word of Swedish, but was reading phonetics or somesuch. Hilarious.
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
This is supposed to be fun? To a person that does not know Swedish, is not drunk, and adult? I must admit inability to understand my fellow humans at times:-/
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Showing the way to pirated music on the Internet is no crime. First it must be proved that the music was uploaded without permission.
This is the judgement of Göta Hovrätt [second line court], that ruled a 17-year old not guilty of illegaly distributing music on the Internet.
The reason for the 17-year old to post links to pirated music was to impress on his friends. It was important for him to get as many visitors as possible. Something he succeded well with, in just a few months thousands of persons visited the page.
- We expected the court to convict the youth, says a dissapointed Lars Gustafsson, CEO of IFPI [Swedens RIAA], who considers appealing to Högsta Domstolen [Supreme Court, with some differances to the US concept].
Without Permission - We learn from these rulings even if they go against us. In the next case we'll certainly show that the person who uploaded the music files to the Internet did so without permission, and then the pirat will be convicted al least for assisting, says Lars Gustafsson.
IFPI, International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, has as it's main task to guard the rights the copyright law gives. The organization represents about 50 record companies that amongst themselves represent about 95 per cent of the Swedish record market. During the last years more and more pirated music has been spread electronically in so called MP3 files via the Internet.
- I think the Internet will become a great technical tool to spread good music leagally. But it will be several years untill Justice catches up with technology.
Scentenced to prison
Lars Gustafsson says to TT [Swedish news wire service] that there's been several court rulings, both in Europe, and in the USA, where persons have been scentanced to prison for illegaly spreading music on the Internet.
In the case in question the visitors to the page were reffered to several web addresses where the music files were located. The files never passed the 17-year olds computer but rather went directly to the visitors computer. Because of this he did not make the music availible in the spirit expressed in the copyright law, writes the court.
On the other hand, the court says, the 17-year old could owe the copyright owners money [no mention of why].
- We have no plans on demanding money. We're not after this boy, but rather the occurance [of pirated mp3s], says Lars Gustafsson at IFPI.
Cecilia Anderson Edwall/TT
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Another reason was that the prosecution had only charged him with copyright infringment, not with the other possiblel crime--to assist someone else in copyright infringment. Because he was never prosecuted for that the court did not consider wether he broke that law.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Uhm, If you're going to compare the total cost of an employee to what that person get's after all 'taxes' are paid for different countries you'll have to add a lot of things to the 'tax' a person in the US pays.
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Huh? Tax is less than 30 per cent till about USD 25k - 30k (the tax rate vavies slightly depending on where you live). Then there's the sales tax (add 25 per cent to the non taxed prices), but here's what throws a lot of people off track -- the sales tax is included in the advertised price, in the US the tax is added when you pay. The taxation systems also tax different things, in the US the property tax is about five times higher than in Sweden! In the EU healthcare is included in the tax. Bottom line is: I like it back home, some things are a little more expensive, but not much, and while the beer is a lot more expensive -- at least it's real beer:-)
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
You're right, the netmask is not transmitted in the datagram. I've tried very hard to include the diagram from RFC 791 here but Slashdot does not allow me to do so in a legible way:-(
See p.10 of the RFC for the table.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
My bet: they didn't want to be a market follower, doing "Yet Another RISC ISA", so they looked for something different - and found HPs EPIC. So now they can claim to be a 'market leader'. As to the idea that intel is full of fools that can't design a decent ISA - the X86 (16bit) is very old and not particularly ugly if you compare it with contemporaries (68K is much nicer yes, but it's a later design too). And the IA32 part of X86 - it's not too bad if you consider that they (the designers) had to keep 16 bit compability...
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
21264 dissipates 72 W at 667 MHz in the.35 micron technology, and to make it run at 1GHz I bet they had to increase the core voltage. So I suspect either a serious fan or liquid cooling. Not that liquid cooling is 'cheating', 'once upon a time' the 'distributed heat' (for warming apartments) was in part from IBMs datacenter (1-2 Km from where I live), thats real heat dissipation:-):-):-)
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Slashdot Mirror
Discovery only wants to license the channels in a bundle, the cable provider only wants to license them so they can be sold to consumers un-bundled. They had t he same fight with another cable provider a few years ago.
1 öre is 0.01 SEK or about 0.13 us cents
Erik
Well, I can't seem to get § / § to display ... so they are replaced by S
26 k S When a business or an individual in the pursuit of business manufactures or imports devices on which sound of moving pictures can be recorded and which are especially intended for the creation of copies for private use, the creator of protected works which after this have been transmitten in radio or television or been published on devices through which they can be reproduced, has the right to compensation from the business or individual.
However, the creator does not have the right to compensation if the manufactured of imported devices shall:
26 l S Compensation according to 26 k S is
The manufacturer or importer has a right to reduced compensation if
26 m S Only organisations which represent a number of compensation entitled swedish creators and owners of similar rights in the area have the right to collect, and sign contracts regarding the reduction of, compensation according to 26 k and 26 l S S. The organisation shall collect the compensation and distribute it to those entitled to compensation, after deducting reasonable amounts for its costs. At the distribution, right owners represented by the organisation shall be [treated] equal to those not represented.
Businesses or individuals covered by 26 k S shall register at one such organisation refered to in the first [previous] section. The business or individual shall at the request of the organisation account for the number of devices coverd by the compensation, the recording time or storage capacity of the devices, if the devices can be used for repeated digital recording, and when the devices were imported or manufactured. The accounting shall make clear the number of devices covered by 26 k S 2nd section. Law (2005:359)
Erik
So people can discuss with some more information, the actual law is "Lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk" available (in Swedish, sorry 'bout that, I'll try to translate the relevant portion as a reply to this) here. The relevant paragraph is chapter 1, 26 k .
In US (I think this is from the UK legal tradition that they inherited) aquittal by Jury means no appeal for prosecution while in the "rest of the world" (where there are usually no juries) both prosecution and defense have more similar possibilities of appeal.
In at least Sweden (where I am from) aquittal by the jury means no appeal for the prosecutor, but jury trial is only used in "freedom of press" cases such as libel.
Further, It is not the police that prosecutes a case, but rather the "publics prosecutor" (I suppose like a district attourney in the US) or in this case a special "public prosecutor" tasked with a specific type of crimes.
These prosecutors work closely with the police though, and directs much of their work.
Erik
Well, you seem to be unable to decide for your selves, so why should not the rest of the world 'help you'...
;-P
Apologies for this joke, the situation is turning really, really tragical.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Arthur Wellesley was the 1st Duke of Wellington, he was the general who defeated (well, commanded the soldiers that :-) ) Napoleon at Waterloo.
Don't know about the quote though.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Well..
:-) ) people think that the system is mostly fair.. Or somesuch...
There are also some problems in systems where 'too many' votes count too--it becomes very hard to reach majorities in parliaments where you can get just a few seats. In Sweden, where I live, you must obtain at least four per cent of the popular vote, or ten percent in one 'district' (län), to get any seats at all. In Israel I think the limit is only one per cent, and they have lots and lots of small parties.
The problem with lots of small parties in a parliament is that they can get a much larger piece of the power than the amounts of votes. In an extreme situation with two parties at 49 per cent and one party with 2 per cent...
And with the U.S. system you very rarely need to have extra elections. In western european style parliamentary democracies you can end up with a parliament where no-one can, or rather is willing to compromize enough to, gather a majority of the votes. In such a situation there is usually an extra election. In the U.S. system this is usually not the case, as party loyalty is less important and there are only two large parties that are not too far apart a majority should almost always be possible.
As an anecdote: once the Swedish parliament had 350 members and the votes split so evenly that the left-wing and right-wing blocs got half the seats--and at that time it was not possible to hold an extra alection. All the votes in the parliament had to be decided by <i>lottery</i> (I think it was a coin toss)...
Bottom line: complete fairness is impossible. The important thing is that most (for some measure of most
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
I do not consider 'fair' to be a very objective value. In western european democracies, such as Sweden where I live, it was considerd important that as many votes as possible counted in an election. In the current U.S. system all votes for the loser were useless, wether that is fair is, in my opinion, a matter of opinion (pun probably intended :-) ).
:-)
A really interesting question is:
IIRC Bush said that if Gore wins the Electoral Colleage, and Bush the popular vote, He would appeal to the democratic electors to vote him president anyway.
If this is true, and it turns the other way around...
Of course, it might be my memory acting up again (I have to replace those dimms
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
That one candidate receives the most votes if you add the votes from all the states and D.C., but the other candidate gets most electors and becomes president.
Theoretically you can become president of the USA with less than one fourth of the votes. This is because the winner in one state, with two (I think) exceptions, takes all the electors in that state, and because smaller states have more electors per capita. If a candidate wins by one vote in a lot of small states, and gets no votes at all in the states he loses (not very likely...)...
The number of electors for a state is the same as its number of seats in the U.S. congress.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
And at that time multiprocessor systems were already being sold by other vendors.
The patents Intel owns are about the specific way they implemented multiprocessor systems. I don't know exactly what is patented, it might be that it is only the GTL+ bus used for P6 (PPro, PII, PIII, and Celeron) systems.
Intel's current MP offerings use a bus shared by all the processors and the memory controller (North Bridge). The Athlon and derivates will have one bus between every processor and the north bridge, or north bridges.
Intel's approach works well for a slall number of processors, and is quite cheap for such systems. AMD's approach (no, they did not invent it) is better for systems with many processors.
You could build an Intel system using AMD's approach, maybe that is how the eight way Xeon systems work.
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Umm, I wrote the previous post. How did it get assigned to that poor (or maybe very lucky? ;-) fellow?!
Re: high numbers for tpc-c clusters is an exercise in how many PCs a vendor can put in one room.
-- Gee explain number 11, Sun?s Starfire Enterprise 10000, not a cluster. A few weeks ago it was number 6. Obviously your statement is wrong.
You seem to be unable to read, or maybe to understand what you read. I did not say, and never have said, that you have to use a cluster to get a high tpc-c score. Scores six to nine are none cluster system (IBM AS/400, Fujitsu something with SPARC CPUs, IBM RS/6000, BULL with PPC CPUs)
Re: It does show that both IBM and Compaq can build rooms with good cooling. -- You are showing your ignorance of clustering.
Or your ignorance of humor?
Re: relevance -- Check out tpc-c faq for an explanation of tcp-c and for a real-life example
Couldn't find how many NT boxes they had in their database back-end (11 servers in total, no mention that I could find on how many were used for what), but the availibility was strangely low for a cluster (99.97 percent, or 2.6 hours per year). No I didn't read it all--too much marketing drivel. Could you provide a technical paper on that setup so I could evaluate it?
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Note that a court of law can still order the journalist to reveal his source. With regards to the fake stories, depending on the story, it could be fraud or libel. And if a newspaper or TV show becomes known for fake stories, I hope that the consumers will stop trusting it as a news source.
References (Swedish laws in Swedish)
libel (förtal):
Tryckfrihe tsförordning (1949:105)
Brottsbalk (1962:700)
Yttrandefr ihetsgrundlag (1991:1469)
Protection of sources:
Tryckfrihetsförordning (1949:105) Ch.3 3
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Most countries won't extradict their own citizens, especially not a minor. And the alledged 'crime' was commited in Norway, so for the Norwegian government to send him to the US would be more shocking than if Bill Gates admitted that Linux is better than Win2K.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Ahh, so thats what they used to read the 'Swedish messages' the last time I went over the pond. It definately sounded like whomever was telling us the safty instructions didn't know a word of Swedish, but was reading phonetics or somesuch. Hilarious.
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
This is supposed to be fun? To a person that does not know Swedish, is not drunk, and adult? I must admit inability to understand my fellow humans at times :-/
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Jönköping
Showing the way to pirated music on the Internet is no crime. First it must be proved that the music was uploaded without permission.
This is the judgement of Göta Hovrätt [second line court], that ruled a 17-year old not guilty of illegaly distributing music on the Internet.
The reason for the 17-year old to post links to pirated music was to impress on his friends. It was important for him to get as many visitors as possible. Something he succeded well with, in just a few months thousands of persons visited the page.
- We expected the court to convict the youth, says a dissapointed Lars Gustafsson, CEO of IFPI [Swedens RIAA], who considers appealing to Högsta Domstolen [Supreme Court, with some differances to the US concept].
Without Permission
- We learn from these rulings even if they go against us. In the next case we'll certainly show that the person who uploaded the music files to the Internet did so without permission, and then the pirat will be convicted al least for assisting, says Lars Gustafsson.
IFPI, International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, has as it's main task to guard the rights the copyright law gives. The organization represents about 50 record companies that amongst themselves represent about 95 per cent of the Swedish record market. During the last years more and more pirated music has been spread electronically in so called MP3 files via the Internet.
- I think the Internet will become a great technical tool to spread good music leagally. But it will be several years untill Justice catches up with technology.
Scentenced to prison
Lars Gustafsson says to TT [Swedish news wire service] that there's been several court rulings, both in Europe, and in the USA, where persons have been scentanced to prison for illegaly spreading music on the Internet.
In the case in question the visitors to the page were reffered to several web addresses where the music files were located. The files never passed the 17-year olds computer but rather went directly to the visitors computer. Because of this he did not make the music availible in the spirit expressed in the copyright law, writes the court.
On the other hand, the court says, the 17-year old could owe the copyright owners money [no mention of why].
- We have no plans on demanding money. We're not after this boy, but rather the occurance [of pirated mp3s], says Lars Gustafsson at IFPI.
Cecilia Anderson Edwall/TT
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Another reason was that the prosecution had only charged him with copyright infringment, not with the other possiblel crime--to assist someone else in copyright infringment. Because he was never prosecuted for that the court did not consider wether he broke that law.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Uhm, If you're going to compare the total cost of an employee to what that person get's after all 'taxes' are paid for different countries you'll have to add a lot of things to the 'tax' a person in the US pays.
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Huh? Tax is less than 30 per cent till about USD 25k - 30k (the tax rate vavies slightly depending on where you live). Then there's the sales tax (add 25 per cent to the non taxed prices), but here's what throws a lot of people off track -- the sales tax is included in the advertised price, in the US the tax is added when you pay. The taxation systems also tax different things, in the US the property tax is about five times higher than in Sweden! In the EU healthcare is included in the tax. Bottom line is: I like it back home, some things are a little more expensive, but not much, and while the beer is a lot more expensive -- at least it's real beer :-)
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
Why won't they film Harlan Ellison's script of several Asimov novels I, Robot: The Illustrated Screenplay.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
You're right, the netmask is not transmitted in the datagram. I've tried very hard to include the diagram from RFC 791 here but Slashdot does not allow me to do so in a legible way :-(
See p.10 of the RFC for the table.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
He ought to read Strunk's The Elements of Style.
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
My bet: they didn't want to be a market follower, doing "Yet Another RISC ISA", so they looked for something different - and found HPs EPIC. So now they can claim to be a 'market leader'. As to the idea that intel is full of fools that can't design a decent ISA - the X86 (16bit) is very old and not particularly ugly if you compare it with contemporaries (68K is much nicer yes, but it's a later design too). And the IA32 part of X86 - it's not too bad if you consider that they (the designers) had to keep 16 bit compability...
Erik
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?
21264 dissipates 72 W at 667 MHz in the .35 micron technology, and to make it run at 1GHz I bet they had to increase the core voltage. So I suspect either a serious fan or liquid cooling. Not that liquid cooling is 'cheating', 'once upon a time' the 'distributed heat' (for warming apartments) was in part from IBMs datacenter (1-2 Km from where I live), thats real heat dissipation :-) :-) :-)
Has it ever occurred to you that God might be a committee?