The battery will go up maybe 10 degrees or so, then the cold air will keep it from getting any hotter.
The heating is internal, not external, so outside tempuratures have quite a difficult job (passively) cooling them (quickly).
Hence, the lead-acid EV-1s were only available in southern CA and AZ.
They were offered in California because of CARB regulations. In fact, if not for CARB regulations, they wouldn't have been designed, developed, or leased at all.
I can't exactly say why they were offered in Arizona at all, but I can say they did a really half-assed effort, with (IIRC) only one single dealership in the state offering them, and I believe it was just over the California border. Perhaps it was a scheme to avoid paying higher California taxes on some of the vehicles?
They did not offer them in the other states in the southern 1/3rd of the country because they can get too cold (ie. FL can get hard freezes in winter)
Doesn't even pass the laugh test.
The northern 1/3rd of Arizona gets well below freezing in the winter (record: -40F).
They were sold all over California, not just the mild climate areas near the Pacific Ocean. Significant portions of California are sub-arctic and get about as cold as anywhere else in the country (record: -45F).
The climate in California and Arizona is no better than Nevada, New Mexico, Louisiana, Mississippi, and pretty much the entire rest of the southern half of the USA.
The climate in Florida is FAR warmer than California or Arizona. Florida's statewide RECORD low tempurature in recorded history was -2F degrees. That's an unbelivably high lower limit.
So, please shut up, or educate yourself before spouting off again.
You can get a whole lot more projectiles moving a whole lot faster with a properly designed bomb.
Yes, but with a handgun you can aim ALL the projectiles at chest or head-level, where it's very likely to be fatal. Even with the most expertly designed bombs, you can't ensure that level of accuracy.
I see VERY few computers failed due to a cap problem before they are retired on account of being too old to be useful anymore.
Anecdote != Evidence
There were so many failing motherboards due to bad capacitors, that there were class action lawsuits against the major motherboard manufacturers, including Gigabyte and MSI.
The most common component I see fail is the HD,
I see power supplies and motherboards failing more often than HDDs.
Tempurature stresses on solid-state components is just as risky as it is on mechanical components...
In other words, if you have a heavy-duty fan cooling your CPU (and RAM, and northbridge, and...), but nothing pointed at your hard drive, it's no surprise the HDD fails first.
The UK has since extended its territorial claims as permitted by an international treaty. Under the treaty the signatories recognize UK sovereignty over the sea floor on which the tower stands and thus the tower itself.
How conflicts should be handled is currently unresolved. Many countries have other island nations within their 12 mile territorial borders, yet none have tried to exercise jurisdiction.
Until I ask them what's to stop someone from standing in line with a large rucksack filled with explosives during say, the day before Thanksgiving?
The laws of physics...
Airports have large rooms, with far away walls, and very high ceilings, allowing a blast to disperse harmlessly. Only a few of those in the immediate vicinity will experience forces violent enough to kill. The rest will be having a bad day, but still... walking into an airport firing a handgun would probably kill more people.
That's a far cry from a small ammount of explosives causing serious structual damage to an airplane in-flight, which is the only thing keeping several hundred people from falling (or freezing, or suffocating) to their deaths.
A bomb on an airplane isn't a scary thing until the airplane is high in the air... Ditto for bombs in airport terminals...
you're really making a stretch when you say that guns on a plane would have stopped the attacks on 9/11. The terrorists had superior training in combat and weapons and would have merely massacred all the passengers on the plane before taking the cockpit.
What magical training allows 4 people to kill 200 others, before just one of those 200 can fire back?
It's better than cash, in any case. If your cash gets stolen: too bad you lost the money. And if you are given counterfeit bills: too bad you can't use them anywhere.
I've never had anyone steal the cash in my wallet, over the internet...
I've never had anyone look over my shoulder and be able to go elsewhere and spend my cash.
or better yet, science stories that are not ubiquitous in the media already. or even better, shows dedicated to one topic rather than 4 or 5 so we can get some real information involved?
What? You mean you weren't edified by watching a woman cut a plasma TV in half with a circular saw?
this is remarkable considering how unlikely it is for the average person to see the Tevatron, but that person probably deals with computer viruses, data encryption and slow internets on a daily basis.
I think it's safe to say the average person deals with gravity much more often than they deal with computer viruses.
Your idea just reeks of a dumbed-down "how to remove spyware" show like those on TechTV... Somewhat the equivalent of Nova being turned into a show on antenna installation. If, instead, they actually did a show on the underlying concepts of computer science, I could see that being decent, and potentially popular with the same people who watch other PBS shows.
Nova is falling into the same trap, with their ScienceNOW programming. Is Nature and Frontline the last bastion of serious documentary programming on PBS?
Clearly Nova is a complete write-off, because once a year they do a show that isn't up to your standards...
Which is of course, the whole point of a hybrid. The engine can be sized for the average power needed
Current hybrids don't really have it covered, though. They have electric motors that only operate up to a maximum of 30-40mph, meaning your engine needs to be able to handle the entire load for any acceleration you do, once you've reached those speeds. It allows them to use cheaper electric motors, but makes for underperforming cars on the freeway.
Until other states adopt similar regulations or California stops importing electricity from coal plants, the effects of California's regulations will remain very small.
And that is slowly happening. There have been added regulations over the years, further limiting that practice. The measure proposed last year to expand the practice was overwhelmingly shot down.
You obviously have never opened up a notebook hard drive. The platters are paper thin and extremely delicate.
I have. They are thin, but certainly nowhere near paper thin. They are decidely rigid.
My flash drive has gone swimming in a lake and still works. In fact the case has since fallen apart and the chips are bare and it still works. That kind of treatment would kill a hard drive pretty quickly.
Flash chips can handle certain types of physical abuse better than hard drives, while hard drives can handle others.
In any case, there's a reason they make the cases for hard drives extremely strong... It won't fall apart as your flash drive did, and should withstand a dip in the lake without error.
And, HDDs have it all over flash when it comes to electronic abuse.
As for hooking multiple locomotives together, there's really no reason that you couldn't do that with direct-drive, it's just a bit easier because of the decoupling of speed/engine RPM and force.
That's not true at all. It's practically impossible, in the real world, to have two engines operating at EXACTLY the same speed over any length of time. You ALWAYS have one slightly ahead, and one slight behind. With the huge forces trains are operating with, that means destroying the wheels and the tracks in no time, and lots of completely wasted energy.
Without electric drive, it would be (damn near) impossible.
Leaving aside the fact that the EV crowd are somewhat notorious for overstating their gains and understating their losses,
You can't really accuse the AC Propulsion guys of that, since they've built and repeatedly demonstrated all their tech, including this one.
60%~80% reduction in overall range during stop-start city driving is the figure I see from the EV people locally.
That's NOT because electric motors are ineffecient at certain speeds (like engines). That's because stopping and accelerating are INHERENTLY wasteful of energy, no matter the form.
An electric vehicle wastes less, thanks to regenerative braking, but there are still significant losses converting motion to electricity, storing it in batteries, then converting it back into motion again.
To get only a 20% reduction in effeciency in stop and go driving is spectacular.
But in that case the real solution is still to use the (slightly) higher efficiency and (definitely) cleaner AC supply to recharge.
Only if you're near an accessible power outlet. I don't think most rest stops are going to be keen on maintaining charging stations.
Basically, it actually makes more sense to put hybrid systems into SUV's than compact cars. It's part of the reason that locomotives have been effectivly hybrids for years
Umm, no. Locomotives don't do any stop & go driving, don't have a large battery pack, can't go an inch without the diesel engine running, etc.
(major reason is the elimination of the transmission, of course).
That, and the ability to hook multiple locomotives together for more power, are the ONLY reasons, AFAIK.
lead-acid batteries. They don't work very well at cold temperatures, as those of us in colder climates know well when trying to start our cars.
Lead-acid batteries do provide lower power at extremely cold temperatures. HOWEVER, they are not the biggest issue in starting your car in cold weather. The cold, thickening oil is the cause of the majority of the resistance, and your shrinking engine block doesn't help. Switching to thinner oil in the winter (ie. 5W-30) makes a huge difference.
Besides that:
Lead acid batteries in an electric car won't be affected as much. Your car battery is only needed to start your car, which it either can or can't, when it's cold.
An electric car, OTOH, will always be able to start moving, no matter how cold the batteries, as it has so many more of them, with so much more capacity. Then, as the car begins moving, the chemical reaction as power is drawn from the batteries will result in the batteries HEATING UP naturally. It may be counter intuitive, but your electric car will have more and more power as you continue driving it.
In addition, it is quite easy to put insulation around batteries in an electric car, very much unlike a normal vehicle, and installing even a small, low power electric heater under the batteries could entirely eliminate the issue.
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Completely rigid tires can't go flat, and would have the lowest possible rolling resistance.
See: train wheels.
Obviously, the ride wouldn't be comfortable.
Ummm... IMAX ?
Lossy compressed video should be no problem.
HD-DVDs and Blu-ray discs are only 25-30GBs. Figure you can double that for the same quality at 4X the resolution.
For actually decoding the high bitrate h.264/VC-1 video, you'll want a very high end multi-core system for sure... if not a custom-build ASIC.
The heating is internal, not external, so outside tempuratures have quite a difficult job (passively) cooling them (quickly).
They were offered in California because of CARB regulations. In fact, if not for CARB regulations, they wouldn't have been designed, developed, or leased at all.
I can't exactly say why they were offered in Arizona at all, but I can say they did a really half-assed effort, with (IIRC) only one single dealership in the state offering them, and I believe it was just over the California border. Perhaps it was a scheme to avoid paying higher California taxes on some of the vehicles?
Doesn't even pass the laugh test.
The northern 1/3rd of Arizona gets well below freezing in the winter (record: -40F).
They were sold all over California, not just the mild climate areas near the Pacific Ocean. Significant portions of California are sub-arctic and get about as cold as anywhere else in the country (record: -45F).
The climate in California and Arizona is no better than Nevada, New Mexico, Louisiana, Mississippi, and pretty much the entire rest of the southern half of the USA.
The climate in Florida is FAR warmer than California or Arizona. Florida's statewide RECORD low tempurature in recorded history was -2F degrees. That's an unbelivably high lower limit.
So, please shut up, or educate yourself before spouting off again.
You're right. There are no efforts to do so... it is, however, just happening on it's own.
The UK is a good example... The "old" units continue to be used regularly, despite the switchover happening several decades ago.
Yes, but with a handgun you can aim ALL the projectiles at chest or head-level, where it's very likely to be fatal. Even with the most expertly designed bombs, you can't ensure that level of accuracy.
Anecdote != Evidence
There were so many failing motherboards due to bad capacitors, that there were class action lawsuits against the major motherboard manufacturers, including Gigabyte and MSI.
I see power supplies and motherboards failing more often than HDDs.
Tempurature stresses on solid-state components is just as risky as it is on mechanical components...
In other words, if you have a heavy-duty fan cooling your CPU (and RAM, and northbridge, and...), but nothing pointed at your hard drive, it's no surprise the HDD fails first.
Perhaps not. But never the less, the fact that the UK has extended it's territorial waters doesn't _necessarily_ mean Sealand now falls under UK rule.
How conflicts should be handled is currently unresolved. Many countries have other island nations within their 12 mile territorial borders, yet none have tried to exercise jurisdiction.
The laws of physics...
Airports have large rooms, with far away walls, and very high ceilings, allowing a blast to disperse harmlessly. Only a few of those in the immediate vicinity will experience forces violent enough to kill. The rest will be having a bad day, but still... walking into an airport firing a handgun would probably kill more people.
That's a far cry from a small ammount of explosives causing serious structual damage to an airplane in-flight, which is the only thing keeping several hundred people from falling (or freezing, or suffocating) to their deaths.
A bomb on an airplane isn't a scary thing until the airplane is high in the air... Ditto for bombs in airport terminals...
What magical training allows 4 people to kill 200 others, before just one of those 200 can fire back?
AMD doesn't sell a lot of Celerons... Mainly because Intel makes them.
I've never had anyone steal the cash in my wallet, over the internet...
I've never had anyone look over my shoulder and be able to go elsewhere and spend my cash.
etc.
What? You mean you weren't edified by watching a woman cut a plasma TV in half with a circular saw?
I think it's safe to say the average person deals with gravity much more often than they deal with computer viruses.
Your idea just reeks of a dumbed-down "how to remove spyware" show like those on TechTV... Somewhat the equivalent of Nova being turned into a show on antenna installation. If, instead, they actually did a show on the underlying concepts of computer science, I could see that being decent, and potentially popular with the same people who watch other PBS shows.
You can only watch people being absolute idiots for so long...
Clearly Nova is a complete write-off, because once a year they do a show that isn't up to your standards...
If you'd read the REST of my post, you'd see why you're wrong.
Current hybrids don't really have it covered, though. They have electric motors that only operate up to a maximum of 30-40mph, meaning your engine needs to be able to handle the entire load for any acceleration you do, once you've reached those speeds. It allows them to use cheaper electric motors, but makes for underperforming cars on the freeway.
And that is slowly happening. There have been added regulations over the years, further limiting that practice. The measure proposed last year to expand the practice was overwhelmingly shot down.
I have. They are thin, but certainly nowhere near paper thin. They are decidely rigid.
Flash chips can handle certain types of physical abuse better than hard drives, while hard drives can handle others.
In any case, there's a reason they make the cases for hard drives extremely strong... It won't fall apart as your flash drive did, and should withstand a dip in the lake without error.
And, HDDs have it all over flash when it comes to electronic abuse.
That's not true at all. It's practically impossible, in the real world, to have two engines operating at EXACTLY the same speed over any length of time. You ALWAYS have one slightly ahead, and one slight behind. With the huge forces trains are operating with, that means destroying the wheels and the tracks in no time, and lots of completely wasted energy.
Without electric drive, it would be (damn near) impossible.
You can't really accuse the AC Propulsion guys of that, since they've built and repeatedly demonstrated all their tech, including this one.
That's NOT because electric motors are ineffecient at certain speeds (like engines). That's because stopping and accelerating are INHERENTLY wasteful of energy, no matter the form.
An electric vehicle wastes less, thanks to regenerative braking, but there are still significant losses converting motion to electricity, storing it in batteries, then converting it back into motion again.
To get only a 20% reduction in effeciency in stop and go driving is spectacular.
Only if you're near an accessible power outlet. I don't think most rest stops are going to be keen on maintaining charging stations.
And what part of "Locomotives don't do any stop & go driving" could possibly have made you think I was saying otherwise?
Umm, no. Locomotives don't do any stop & go driving, don't have a large battery pack, can't go an inch without the diesel engine running, etc.
That, and the ability to hook multiple locomotives together for more power, are the ONLY reasons, AFAIK.
Dynamic braking is a nice plus, though.
Lead-acid batteries do provide lower power at extremely cold temperatures. HOWEVER, they are not the biggest issue in starting your car in cold weather. The cold, thickening oil is the cause of the majority of the resistance, and your shrinking engine block doesn't help. Switching to thinner oil in the winter (ie. 5W-30) makes a huge difference.
Besides that:
Lead acid batteries in an electric car won't be affected as much. Your car battery is only needed to start your car, which it either can or can't, when it's cold.
An electric car, OTOH, will always be able to start moving, no matter how cold the batteries, as it has so many more of them, with so much more capacity. Then, as the car begins moving, the chemical reaction as power is drawn from the batteries will result in the batteries HEATING UP naturally. It may be counter intuitive, but your electric car will have more and more power as you continue driving it.
In addition, it is quite easy to put insulation around batteries in an electric car, very much unlike a normal vehicle, and installing even a small, low power electric heater under the batteries could entirely eliminate the issue.