I think the deal with instant start is that there is not enough time to develop space charge around the electrodes (no effort to do this is actually made) so the emissive coating gets blown off via arcing. If space charge is established before starting, then the electrodes last orders of magnitude longer. The same problem is common in vacuum tube rectifiers when power is applied before the cathode is heated.
But at the same time, when renewables do produce, coal, natural gas and nuclear plants cannot sell electricity (not because they don't produce energy, but because laws ban them from doing so!) and are forced to actually pay people who take their electricity (again, grid balance!)
This has been happening in Texas do to excessive wind power for the transmission capacity.
And those electrodes are probably a big reason many people have much lower than expected lifespan for their CFLs. The electrodes undergo a lot of wear during the initial power surge when the light is turned on, so ones that are turned on and off many times per day will die long before their rated lifespan.
Age induced failure in the tube itself is usually do to the mercury becoming bound and unavailable. Very old linear fluorescent tubes lasted until the cathodes wore out but later regulations on the amount of mercury restricted their operating life by an order of magnitude.
I also write the date on mine. CFL's never last their lifetime in the ceiling canisters they are installed in. They must overheat or something and the electronics fail.
Age induced failure is almost always the aluminum electrolytic input capacitor wearing out do to high temperature and high ripple current. This is just a case of the cheapest part being used to meet the minimum specification under the most optimistic conditions. In my case they die in months do to power surges which is a different problem.
More likely it is a problem with the power company's wiring and there is not much the customer can do about that short if installing expensive equipment to recondition the power.
I haven't had any of the RFI problems reported by some either. If the power supply is not designed properly, it can emit RF, which can interfere with radio reception.
All active electronic ballasts emit RF and even if they are under FCC requirements, they may still cause interference.
The FCC requirements themselves are an artificial test which does not represent every situation. This is reflected in switching power supply designs which modulate the switching frequency to spread the interfering RF out over a larger bandwidth by design. That is usually great for radios but does nothing in the time domain where the same amount of interference still exists.
I have tried to stick with passive ballasted fluorescent lights but may have to downgrade to incandescent to avoid the noise problem because passive ballasts have become verboten.
In order to get the Energy Star label, a CFL bulb has to meet certain efficiency requirements. But the rating says nothing about longevity. In theory, fluorescent bulbs should last a long time. But the built-in electronics are the usual source of failure. This is particularly the case with ceiling lights and other bulbs where the electronics are on the top, and often in an area where they do not get much cooling. So, the cheap - or more importantly *Crappy* - bulbs can carry the same certification as the good ones. So, CFL got a bad name, which is also fail for the Energy Star folks.
The original linear fluorescent tubes lasted a lot longer before the government place limits on the amount of mercury they could contain. The mercury gets used up over time so the old ones failed when the cathodes wore out and the later ones failed much sooner do to running out of elemental mercury.
That was one of the first things I checked. I has neither video nor audio interfaces and apparently no peripheral interface except for USB and it is not clear how that is hooked up. In theory Ethernet could be added via USB but that is already my reason for not using the Pi.
It is not a replacement for the Pi or Beagle Bone.
So what happens when you sell coins using LIFO/FIFO and take a loss?
I assume you may not combine losses with gains and report the difference since the IRS made that ruling that gambling in one session has to account for them separately so you pay taxes on winning hands without accounting for losing hands.
I gather however that this is plain incompetence (Dunning-Kruger-Type) with regards to the voltage regulators. Switching voltage regulation is really hard to do right unless you over-engineer seriously. You can get all sorts of bizarre effects, including a puff of smoke.
I appreciate the irony of you mentioning the Dunning-Kruger syndrome with your statement. Switching voltage regulation has been around for over 30 years and isn't much of a mystery. Since the early motherboards started reducing voltages from 5v down to 3.3v (and below), every motherboard has had on-board voltage regulation. It's hard to believe that something as fundamental as a switching regulator would suddenly exceed the engineering skill of the motherboard designers.
Switching voltage regulation has been around longer than that but point-of-load switching voltage regulation is more recent and the impedance, power levels, and regulation requirements of these POL switching regulators are cutting edge for a consumer level product.
I have had the same experience with my HP-48 and HP-50g but from the lender's point of view. A short pause ensues while they examine it and then they hand it back saying, "Um, no thanks."
The TI-83/84 is used not because it's superior, but because that's the calculator all of the high-school math books have the buttons shown for.
I actually consider this a disadvantage as illustrated by the following conversation which has occurred more than once:
Dude: Hey, may I borrow your calculator? Me: Sure, here it is. *I hand over my HP-48 calculator.* *Dude is silent while examining calculator.* Dude: Um, no thanks. *Dude hands back calculator.*
I find the current HP-50g to be an adequate replacement for the HP-48. The screen is nicer, the keyboard is good, and its battery configuration is superior.
The black and white LCD screen they used on the HP-50g is an improvement over the screen on the HP-48. It takes 4 x AAA instead of 3 x AAA which somewhat makes up for the lower power efficiency of its ARM processor.
Well he drops a nuclear weapon on Ukrainian territory and he's not going to have ANY friends in that area anymore.
If he does that, then the Memorandum on Security Assurances would require us to seek action from the UN. Maybe they would send Putin a strongly worded letter.
One of the terms of Ukraine's independance was that they give up the nukes they had left over from the break up of the USSR, but their supposed pay back from that would be protection from NATO if Russia were to invade.
The treaty has no such requirement and does not mention NATO at all.
The FBI also uses the excuse that the crime *might* have crossed a state line or border. I expect at some time in the future they will add, "The crime may have affected interstate commerce or involved items or materials that may have crossed a state line."
Slashdot Mirror
I think the deal with instant start is that there is not enough time to develop space charge around the electrodes (no effort to do this is actually made) so the emissive coating gets blown off via arcing. If space charge is established before starting, then the electrodes last orders of magnitude longer. The same problem is common in vacuum tube rectifiers when power is applied before the cathode is heated.
This has been happening in Texas do to excessive wind power for the transmission capacity.
Age induced failure in the tube itself is usually do to the mercury becoming bound and unavailable. Very old linear fluorescent tubes lasted until the cathodes wore out but later regulations on the amount of mercury restricted their operating life by an order of magnitude.
Age induced failure is almost always the aluminum electrolytic input capacitor wearing out do to high temperature and high ripple current. This is just a case of the cheapest part being used to meet the minimum specification under the most optimistic conditions. In my case they die in months do to power surges which is a different problem.
More likely it is a problem with the power company's wiring and there is not much the customer can do about that short if installing expensive equipment to recondition the power.
All active electronic ballasts emit RF and even if they are under FCC requirements, they may still cause interference.
The FCC requirements themselves are an artificial test which does not represent every situation. This is reflected in switching power supply designs which modulate the switching frequency to spread the interfering RF out over a larger bandwidth by design. That is usually great for radios but does nothing in the time domain where the same amount of interference still exists.
I have tried to stick with passive ballasted fluorescent lights but may have to downgrade to incandescent to avoid the noise problem because passive ballasts have become verboten.
The original linear fluorescent tubes lasted a lot longer before the government place limits on the amount of mercury they could contain. The mercury gets used up over time so the old ones failed when the cathodes wore out and the later ones failed much sooner do to running out of elemental mercury.
The money saved in power costs is less than the money spent to replace them every 6 months.
Nuclear power has specific advantages for submarine propulsion which make it cost effective.
That was one of the first things I checked. I has neither video nor audio interfaces and apparently no peripheral interface except for USB and it is not clear how that is hooked up. In theory Ethernet could be added via USB but that is already my reason for not using the Pi.
It is not a replacement for the Pi or Beagle Bone.
So what happens when you sell coins using LIFO/FIFO and take a loss?
I assume you may not combine losses with gains and report the difference since the IRS made that ruling that gambling in one session has to account for them separately so you pay taxes on winning hands without accounting for losing hands.
Switching voltage regulation has been around longer than that but point-of-load switching voltage regulation is more recent and the impedance, power levels, and regulation requirements of these POL switching regulators are cutting edge for a consumer level product.
I have had the same experience with my HP-48 and HP-50g but from the lender's point of view. A short pause ensues while they examine it and then they hand it back saying, "Um, no thanks."
I replaced my HP-48 with an HP-50g and have no regrets. They fixed the tactile button problem.
The LCD and battery configuration are improved over the HP-48 series and it has micro USB and SD card support.
I actually consider this a disadvantage as illustrated by the following conversation which has occurred more than once:
Dude: Hey, may I borrow your calculator?
Me: Sure, here it is.
*I hand over my HP-48 calculator.*
*Dude is silent while examining calculator.*
Dude: Um, no thanks.
*Dude hands back calculator.*
I find the current HP-50g to be an adequate replacement for the HP-48. The screen is nicer, the keyboard is good, and its battery configuration is superior.
The black and white LCD screen they used on the HP-50g is an improvement over the screen on the HP-48. It takes 4 x AAA instead of 3 x AAA which somewhat makes up for the lower power efficiency of its ARM processor.
If he does that, then the Memorandum on Security Assurances would require us to seek action from the UN. Maybe they would send Putin a strongly worded letter.
The treaty has no such requirement and does not mention NATO at all.
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/...
Russia's propaganda reminds me of some Diplomacy games I have played.
There is no general N-body solution but it may still be calculated numerically.
You've a wicked sense of humor, Darth Vader.
Because cops wearing or not wearing cameras are in or affect the interstate commerce in cop cameras and cop camera accessories.
The FBI also uses the excuse that the crime *might* have crossed a state line or border. I expect at some time in the future they will add, "The crime may have affected interstate commerce or involved items or materials that may have crossed a state line."
Analog oscilloscopes would be at the top of my list but some other old test equipment could qualify as well.